This volume contains the proceedings of the AMS Special Sessions on Frames, Wavelets and Gabor Systems and Frames, Harmonic Analysis, and Operator Theory, held from April 16-17, 2016, at North Dakota ...State University in Fargo, North Dakota. The papers appearing in this volume cover frame theory and applications in three specific contexts: frame constructions and applications, Fourier and harmonic analysis, and wavelet theory.
Abstract This article describes the composition of fingermark residue as being a complex system with numerous compounds coming from different sources and evolving over time from the initial ...composition (corresponding to the composition right after deposition) to the aged composition (corresponding to the evolution of the initial composition over time). This complex system will additionally vary due to effects of numerous influence factors grouped in five different classes: the donor characteristics, the deposition conditions, the substrate nature, the environmental conditions and the applied enhancement techniques. The initial and aged compositions as well as the influence factors are thus considered in this article to provide a qualitative and quantitative review of all compounds identified in fingermark residue up to now. The analytical techniques used to obtain these data are also enumerated. This review highlights the fact that despite the numerous analytical processes that have already been proposed and tested to elucidate fingermark composition, advanced knowledge is still missing. Thus, there is a real need to conduct future research on the composition of fingermark residue, focusing particularly on quantitative measurements, aging kinetics and effects of influence factors. The results of future research are particularly important for advances in fingermark enhancement and dating technique developments.
The effects of roasting and in vitro digestion on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), phenolic profiles, and antioxidant activity of water-soluble extracts from six varieties ...of sesame were investigated in this study. Our results showed that the major phenolic compounds in raw, roasted and digested sesame were gallic acid (GA), protocatechuic acid (PA), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4 HBA), ferulic acid (FA) and quercetin (Quer). Roasting significantly increased the TPC, pinoresinol diglucoside (PD), sesamol, as well as the content of phenolic compounds (especially GA, PA, 4 HBA and Quer) in sesame, but kept or reduced the TFC, sesamin and sesamolin. After roasting, the antioxidant potency composite index (ACI) of six varieties of sesame was significantly increased by 29.8%–216.6%. Additionally, the ACI of gastric digestion was significantly higher than that of oral and intestinal digestion during the in vitro digestion of the roasted-sesame, except for the varieties of Ganzhi 9 and Ganzhi 17. This study showed that five phenolic compounds (GA, PA, 4 HBA, p-coumaric acid, Quer) and sesamol of the water-soluble extracts contributed to the antioxidant activities of the digestive products of sesame.
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•Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of six varieties of sesame were studied.•Water-soluble extract from sesame displayed strong antioxidant activity.•The major phenolic compounds in raw, roasted and digested sesame were identified.•Lignans and phenolic compounds contributed to the antioxidant activity of sesame.•In vitro digestion notably increased the total phenolic content in roasted sesame.
•A multi-class multi-residue analytical method for veterinary drugs was developed.•A total of 132 veterinary drugs from almost 15 classes were investigated.•A magnetic hypercrosslinked ...polystyrene-based MSPE was developed.•The methodology was applied to the trace drug analysis of milk.
A quantitative multi-class multi-residue analytical method was developed for the determination of veterinary drugs in milk by high-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). A total of 132 veterinary drugs investigated belonged to almost 15 classes including sulfonamides, β-lactams, tetracyclines, quinolones, macrolides, nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles, phenicols, lincosamides, pleuromutilins, macrocyclic lactones, quinoxaline antibiotics, benzimidazoles, anthelmintics, coccidiostats and some others. A magnetic solid-phase extraction procedure was developed using magnetic hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HCP/Fe3O4) for the sample preparation prior to HPLC-MS/MS without deproteinization step. The results indicated recoveries of 85–107% for 14 sulfonamides, 85–120% for 13 β-lactams, 89–115% for 4 tetracyclines, 82–119% for 14 quinolones, 82–115% for 8 macrolides, 97–109% for 4 nitrofurans, 84–115% for 10 nitroimidazoles, 89–114% for 3 phenicols, 86–111% for 3 lincosamides, 97–102% for 2 pleuromutilins, 72–88% for 4 macrocyclic lactones, 87–104% for 4 quinoxaline antibiotics, 76–119% for 21 benzimidazoles, 79–115% for 12 anthelmintics, 81–118% for 12 coccidiostats and 75–119 % for 5 unclassified drugs, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 20%, and the LOQs ranged from 0.05 to 1 μg kg−1. This methodology was then applied to field-collected real milk samples and trace levels of some veterinary drugs were detected.
The
(L.) (OFI) is used as a nutritional and pharmaceutical agent in various dietary and value added products. This study underlines the possible use of native prickly pear cladode powder as a ...functional ingredient for health-promoting food production. To summarise, chemical characterization of polyphenols, minerals and soluble dietary fibre was performed; furthermore, the antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of polyphenols and minerals were assessed. Eleven compounds between phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified, with piscidic acid and isorhamnetin derivatives being the most abundant.
dietary fibre was mainly constituted of mucilage and pectin, and was composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose, and xylose sugars. The polyphenols' bioaccessibility was very high: piscidic acid at 200%, eucomic and ferulic acids >110% and flavonoids from 89% to 100%. The prickly pear cladode powder is also a source of minerals, as cations (calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium) and anions (sulphate and chloride), with high magnesium bioaccessibilty (93%). OFI powder showed good capacity of radical scavenging measured by DPPH and ABTS methods, with 740 and 775 μmol Trolox/100 g OFI, respectively. Finally, the presented results allow the consideration of this natural product as a source of several essential nutrients, with a possible use in the food industry as a functional ingredient.
The occurrence of seven trace elements and forty three antibiotics was investigated in manure-based fertilizers from the Zhejiang province of China. These trace elements included copper, zinc, ...arsenic, chromium, mercury, lead and cadmium. The targeted antibiotics included four groups: sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicols. The median amounts of copper, zinc, arsenic, chromium, mercury, lead and cadmium in the analyzed samples were 160, 465, 7.9, 21.2, 0.3, 8.1 and 0.6mg·kg−1, respectively. Seventeen antibiotics were detected. Enrofloxacin was the most frequently detected compound, with a detection rate of 39.3% and concentrations ranging from 6.7μg·kg−1 to 4091μg·kg−1. Based on the referred loading rates in agricultural soil, 10% of the collected manure-based fertilizer samples might pose a high potential ecological risk due to the presence of antibiotics.
Occurrence of seven trace elements and forty three antibiotics was investigated in manure-based fertilizers in Zhejiang province of China. The trace elements included copper, zinc, arsenic, chromium, mercury, lead and cadmium; the targeted antibiotics included four groups: sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicols. The medium values of copper, zinc, arsenic, chromium, mercury, lead and cadmium in the analyzed samples were 160, 465, 7.9, 21.2, 0.3, 8.1 and 0.6mg·kg−1, respectively. Seventeen antibiotics were detected. Enrofloxacin was the most frequently detected compound with the detection rate of 39.3% and the concentrations ranged from 6.7μg·kg−1 to 4091μg·kg−1. Based on the referred loading rates, 10% of the collected manure-based fertilizers might pose a high potential ecological risk after their application onto agriculture soil due to the presence of antibiotics. Display omitted
•Antibiotics and trace elements were investigated in manure-based fertilizers.•64% of manure-based fertilizers were positively detected with at least one drug.•Enrofloxacin was the most frequently detected compound with detection ratio at 39%.•10% fertilizers might pose a high potential ecological risk after application on soil.
Next-generation tissue-based biomarkers for immunotherapy will likely include the simultaneous analysis of multiple cell types and their spatial interactions, as well as distinct expression patterns ...of immunoregulatory molecules. Here, we introduce a comprehensive platform for multispectral imaging and mapping of multiple parameters in tumor tissue sections with high-fidelity single-cell resolution. Image analysis and data handling components were drawn from the field of astronomy. Using this "AstroPath" whole-slide platform and only six markers, we identified key features in pretreatment melanoma specimens that predicted response to anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)-based therapy, including CD163
PD-L1
myeloid cells and CD8
FoxP3
PD-1
T cells. These features were combined to stratify long-term survival after anti-PD-1 blockade. This signature was validated in an independent cohort of patients with melanoma from a different institution.
Background
The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a serious clinical challenge. There is a pressing need for improved diagnostic testing methods; biomarkers offer one ...potentially promising approach.
Questions/purposes
We evaluated the diagnostic characteristics of 16 promising synovial fluid biomarkers for the diagnosis of PJI.
Methods
Synovial fluid was collected from 95 patients meeting the inclusion criteria of this prospective diagnostic study. All patients were being evaluated for a revision hip or knee arthroplasty, including patients with systemic inflammatory disease and those already receiving antibiotic treatment. The Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) definition was used to classify 29 PJIs and 66 aseptic joints. Synovial fluid samples were tested by immunoassay for 16 biomarkers optimized for use in synovial fluid. Sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to assess for diagnostic performance.
Results
Five biomarkers, including human α-defensin 1-3, neutrophil elastase 2, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and lactoferrin, correctly predicted the MSIS classification of all patients in this study, with 100% sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of PJI. An additional eight biomarkers demonstrated excellent diagnostic strength, with an area under the curve of greater than 0.9.
Conclusions
Synovial fluid biomarkers exhibit a high accuracy in diagnosing PJI, even when including patients with systemic inflammatory disease and those receiving antibiotic treatment. Considering that these biomarkers match the results of the more complex MSIS definition of PJI, we believe that synovial fluid biomarkers can be a valuable addition to the methods utilized for the diagnosis of infection.
Level of Evidence
Level II, diagnostic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Background: Cell‐based therapy using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) seems promising to obtain regeneration of dental tissues. A comparison of tissue sources, including periodontal ligament (PDL) ...versus pulp (P), could provide critical information to select an appropriate MSC population for designing predictable regenerative therapies. The purpose of this study is to compare the proliferation and stemness and the MSC‐specific and mineralized tissue–specific gene expression of P‐MSCs and PDL‐MSCs.
Methods: MSCs were obtained from PDL and P tissue of premolars (n = 3) extracted for orthodontic reasons. MSC proliferation was evaluated using a real‐time cell analyzer for 160 hours. Telomerase activity was evaluated by a telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay based on enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Total RNA was isolated from the MSCs on day 3. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array was used to compare the expression of MSC‐specific genes. The expression of mineralized tissue‐associated genes, including Type I collagen (COL I), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RunX2), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OCN) messenger RNA (mRNA), was evaluated using quantitative real‐time PCR.
Results: Higher proliferation potential and telomerase activity were observed in the P‐MSCs compared to PDL‐MSCs of premolar teeth. Fourteen of 84 genes related to MSCs were expressed differently in the PDL‐MSCs versus the P‐MSCs. The expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and BMP6; sex‐determining region Y‐box 9 (SOX9); integrin, alpha 6 (ITGA6); melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM); phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class S (PIGS); prominin 1 (PROM1); ribosomal protein L13A (RPL13A); and microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) were higher in the P‐MSCs compared to the PDL‐MSCs, and higher expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), interleukin (IL)‐6, insulin (INS), alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase (ANPEP), and IL‐10 were observed in the PDL‐MSCs. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the expression of mineralized tissue–associated genes, including BSP and RunX2, between the P‐MSCs and the PDL‐MSCs. Higher expression of COL I and lower expression of OCN mRNA transcripts were noted in the PDL‐MSCs compared to the P‐MSCs.
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that MSCs isolated from P and PDL tissues show different cellular behavior. To increase the predictability of MSC‐based regenerative treatment, differences in dental tissue–derived MSCs and favorable aspects of cell sources should be further clarified.
This volume is dedicated to the memory of Björn Jawerth. It contains original research contributions and surveys in several of the areas of mathematics to which Björn made important contributions. ...Those areas include harmonic analysis, image processing, and functional analysis, which are of course interrelated in many significant and productive ways.Among the contributors are some of the world's leading experts in these areas. With its combination of research papers and surveys, this book may become an important reference and research tool.This book should be of interest to advanced graduate students and professional researchers in the areas of functional analysis, harmonic analysis, image processing, and approximation theory. It combines articles presenting new research with insightful surveys written by foremost experts.
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