Background Although arthroscopic procedures are generally considered safer than open procedures, they are not without complications. This study's purpose is to characterize patient demographics, ...medical complications, overnight admissions, and prolonged operative times for patients undergoing elective elbow arthroscopy using a national database. Methods This retrospective study used the ACS NSQIP database with data from 2015 to 2020. Patients undergoing elbow arthroscopy were identified, and those undergoing emergent surgery were excluded. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, medical comorbidities, 30-day complications, overnight admission rates, and operative times were recorded and analyzed. Results Overall, 815 patients undergoing elective elbow arthroscopy were included. The mean age was 46.8 years. Mean BMI was 29.7 kg/m 2 , and 75.2% (n = 613) were male sex. The most common comorbidity was smoking (14.8%, n = 121). The cumulative complication rate was 2.5% (n = 20). The most common complication was surgical site infection (n = 7, 0.9%). 10.7% of patients required at least one overnight hospital stay. 20.2% of patients had a prolonged operative time ≥ 120 min. Conclusion Elbow arthroscopy is not without complications and morbidity despite being a minimally invasive procedure and advances made in surgical technique. Surgeons should use this information to facilitate shared-surgical decision making, preoperative patient counselling, and preoperative patient optimization.
Background
Failure of hip preservation to alleviate symptoms potentially subjects the patient to reoperation or conversion surgery to THA, adding recovery time, risk, and cost. A risk calculator ...using an algorithm that can predict the likelihood that a patient who undergoes arthroscopic hip surgery will undergo THA within 2 years would be helpful, but to our knowledge, no such tool exists.
Questions
(1) Are there preoperative and intraoperative variables at the time of hip arthroscopy associated with subsequent conversion to THA? (2) Can these variables be used to develop a predictive tool for conversion to THA?
Materials and Methods
All patients undergoing arthroscopy from January 2009 through December 2011 were registered in our longitudinal database. Inclusion criteria for the study group were patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for a labral tear, who eventually had conversion surgery to THA. Patients were compared with a control group of patients who underwent hip arthroscopy for a labral tear but who did not undergo conversion surgery to THA during the same study period. Of the 893 who underwent surgery during that time, 792 (88.7%) were available for followup at a minimum of 2 years (mean, 31.1 ± 8.1 years) and so were considered in this analysis. Multivariate regression analyses of 41 preoperative and intraoperative variables were performed. Using the results of the multivariate regression, we developed a simplified calculator that may be helpful in counseling a patient regarding the risk of conversion to THA after hip arthroscopy.
Results
Variables simultaneously associated with conversion to THA in this model were older age (rate ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.03–1.08; p < 0.0001), lower preoperative modified Harris hip score (rate ratio RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; p = 0.0003), decreased femoral anteversion (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94–0.99; p = 0.0111), revision surgery (RR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.15–5.01; p = 0.0193), femoral Outerbridge Grades II to IV (Grade II: RR, 2.23 95% CI, 1.11–4.46, p = 0.023; Grade III: RR, 2.17, 95% CI, 1.11–4.23, p = 0.024; Grade IV: RR, 2.96 95% CI, 1.34–6.52, p = 0.007), performance of acetabuloplasty (RR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.03–3.24; p = 0.038), and lack of performance of femoral osteoplasty (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.36–1.06; p = 0.081). Using the results of the multivariate regression, we developed a simplified calculator that may be helpful in counseling a patient regarding the risk of conversion surgery to THA after hip arthroscopy.
Conclusion
Multiple risk factors have been identified as possible risk factors for conversion to THA after hip arthroscopy. A weighted calculator based on our data is presented here and may be useful for predicting failure after hip arthroscopy for labral treatment. Determining the best candidates for hip preservation remains challenging; careful attention to long-term followup and identifying characteristics associated with successful outcomes should be the focus of further study.
Level of Evidence
Level III, therapeutic study.
Hypothesis We hypothesized that the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure could be performed with accurate bone block positioning and screw fixation with a similar rate of complications to the open ...Latarjet procedure. Methods In this prospective study, 105 shoulders (104 patients) underwent the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure performed by the same senior surgeon. The day after surgery, an independent surgeon examiner performed a multiplanar bidimensional computed tomography scan analysis. We also evaluated our learning curve by comparing 2 chronologic periods (30 procedures performed in each period), separated by an interval during which 45 procedures were performed. Results Of the 105 shoulders included in the study, 95 (90.5%) (94 patients) were evaluated. The coracoid graft was accurately positioned relative to the equator of the glenoid surface in 87 of 95 shoulders (91.5%). Accurate bone-block positioning on the axial view with “circle” evaluation was obtained for 77 of 95 shoulders (81%). This procedure was performed in a lateralized position in 7 of 95 shoulders (7.3%) and in a medialized position in 11 shoulders (11.6%). The mean screw angulation with the glenoid surface was 21°. One patient had transient axillary nerve palsy. Of the initial 104 patients, 3 (2.8%) underwent revision. The analysis of our results indicated that the screw–glenoid surface angle significantly predicted the accuracy of the bone-block positioning ( P = .001). Our learning curve estimates showed that, compared with our initial period, the average surgical time decreased, and the risk of lateralization showed a statistically significant decrease during the last period ( P = .006). Conclusions This study showed that accurate positioning of the bone block onto the anterior aspect of the glenoid is possible, safe, and reproducible with the arthroscopic Latarjet procedure without additional complications compared with open surgery.
This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hip arthroscopy versus open surgical dislocation for treating femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) through published clinical trials.
We ...conducted a comprehensive literature search using PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for relevant studies on hip arthroscopy and open surgical dislocation as treatment options for FAI.
Compared with open surgical dislocation, hip arthroscopy resulted in significantly higher Nonarthritic Hip Scores (NAHS) at 3- and 12-month follow-ups, a significant improvement in NAHS from preoperation to 3 months postoperation, and a significantly lower reoperation rate. Open surgical dislocation resulted in a significantly improved alpha angle by the Dunn view in patients with cam osteoplasty from preoperation to postoperation, compared with hip arthroscopy. This meta-analysis demonstrated no significant differences in the modified Harris Hip Score, Hip Outcome Score-Activities of Daily Living, or Hip Outcome Score-Sport Specific Subscale at 12 months of follow-up, or in complications (including nerve damage, wound infection, and wound dehiscence).
Hip arthroscopy resulted in higher NAHS and lower reoperation rates, but had less improvement in alpha angle in patients with cam osteoplasty, than open surgical dislocation.
Purpose
To compare arthroscopic and open Latarjet performed by a single shoulder surgeon with learning curve analysis
Methods
A comparative and learning curve analysis was carried out on a ...prospectively gathered database of 2 consecutive series of patients treated with arthroscopic and open Latarjet procedures performed by a single shoulder surgeon between 2008 and 2014. The database included patient characteristics, ISIS scores, operative time, intra- and postoperative complications, graft and screws positioning, as well as pre- and postoperative Walch-Duplay scores.
Results
Sixty-four patients were included in the study, 28 in the arthroscopic group and 36 in the open group with similar age, sex ratio and preoperative ISIS score. Operative time was significantly higher in the arthroscopic group (146 versus 81 min,
p
= 0.001), and although no intra-operative complications were recorded in either group, there were significantly more postoperative complications in the arthroscopic group (29 vs. 11 %,
p
= 0.03). Screw placement was more accurate in the open group, and postoperative Walch-Duplay score did not show any significant difference between the groups (88 points in the arthroscopic group and 91 points in the open group). The arthroscopic Latarjet learning curve analysis showed that the need for conversion ceased after the first 10 patients and that surgical time came close to that of open procedure after 20 procedures.
Conclusions
In this study, 10 arthroscopic Latarjet procedures were needed to overcome the need for conversion, and 20 procedures to achieve equal operating time to the open technique. Even though functional outcome and patient satisfaction were similar in both techniques, complications, screw placement inaccuracy, persistent apprehension and recurrences still remain higher with the arthroscopic technique.
Level of evidence
Retrospective comparative analysis, Level III.
BACKGROUND:Shoulder instability is a common entity requiring surgical stabilization. Although arthroscopic soft-tissue stabilization has been the most common surgical treatment, increased attention ...is now being paid to Latarjet coracoid transfers and bone-block augmentation, particularly with glenoid bone loss. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the current status of arthroscopic soft-tissue stabilization and bone-block augmentation stabilization techniques among newly trained orthopaedic surgeons in the United States.
METHODS:The American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) database was utilized to identify shoulder instability cases submitted by ABOS Part-II Board Certification examination candidates. Cases were dichotomized into two groupsisolated soft-tissue stabilizations and bone-block augmentation procedures, including coracoid transfer. The two groups were then analyzed to determine trends in annual incidence, complication rates, types of complications, concomitant procedures, surgeon fellowship training, and geographic region of practice.
RESULTS:From 2004 to 2013, 6,854 surgeons submitted 7,587 shoulder instability surgical cases that met all inclusion criteria. Of these, 7,515 (99.1%) were isolated soft-tissue stabilizations, and 72 (0.95%) were bone-block glenoid augmentations. Surgeons with sports medicine fellowship training performed 61.85% of isolated soft-tissue stabilization procedures and 58.33% of bone-block stabilization procedures. The percentage of stabilization cases that utilized bone-block augmentation increased tenfold from 0.14% to 1.4% (p = 0.029) during the study period. The overall annual incidence of isolated soft-tissue stabilizations (p = 0.037) and bone-block procedures (p = 0.016) increased from 2004 to 2013. Although the complication rate of the bone-block procedures remained steady (mean rate, 20.8%; p = 0.932), the isolated soft-tissue stabilization complication rate rose from 4.9% to 9.0% (mean rate, 5.4%; p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS:A trend exists toward increased utilization of bone-block stabilization for the treatment of shoulder instability among recently trained orthopaedic surgeons. Complication rates remained relatively high (20.8%) for these procedures, but did not increase as was seen with the isolated soft-tissue stabilizations. Residency and fellowship programs should continue to focus on methods to optimize training for these procedures.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Background:
Hip arthroscopy is a procedure commonly performed to correct various hip pathologies such as femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears. These hip pathologies commonly affect young, ...otherwise healthy patients. The recovery after hip arthroscopy can prevent patients from returning to work and impair performance levels, having significant economic repercussions. To date, there has been no cumulative analysis of the existing literature on return to work after hip arthroscopy.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the existing literature regarding return to work after hip arthroscopy and analysis of factors associated with the ability to return to work and time to return to work.
Study Design:
Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.
Methods:
A literature search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases was performed based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Studies assessing functional outcomes and return to work, including return to military duty, after hip arthroscopy were included. Patients’ ability to return to work, as well as time to return, was compared between selected studies. Where available, workers’ compensation status as well as type of work was compared. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, Version 22. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:
Twelve studies with 1124 patients were included. Patients were followed for an average of 17.6 months. Using weighted means, the average rate of return to work was 71.35%, while full return to previous work duties was achieved at a rate of 50.89%. Modification to work duties was required at a rate of 15.48%. On average, the time to return to work was 115 days (range, 17-219 days). Rate of return by patients with workers’ compensation status was found to be 85.15% at an average of 132 days (range, 37-211 days). Rate of return to work in workers performing professions reported as strenuous vs light (ie, mostly sedentary) jobs showed a statistically higher return to work in light professions (risk ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.41-0.69).
Conclusion:
After hip arthroscopy, there is a high rate of return to work at an average of 115 days after surgery. However, full return to work was achieved by only half of patients upon final follow–up.
Uncertainty exists regarding the best management of patients with degenerative tears of the rotator cuff.
To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of arthroscopic and open ...rotator cuff repair in patients aged ≥ 50 years with degenerative rotator cuff tendon tears.
Two parallel-group randomised controlled trial.
Nineteen teaching and district general hospitals in the UK.
Patients (n = 273) aged ≥ 50 years with degenerative rotator cuff tendon tears.
Arthroscopic surgery and open rotator cuff repair, with surgeons using their usual and preferred method of arthroscopic or open repair. Follow-up was by telephone questionnaire at 2 and 8 weeks after surgery and by postal questionnaire at 8, 12 and 24 months after randomisation.
The Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) at 24 months was the primary outcome measure. Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the shoulder was made at 12 months after surgery to assess the integrity of the repair.
The mean OSS improved from 26.3 standard deviation (SD) 8.2 at baseline to 41.7 (SD 7.9) at 24 months for arthroscopic surgery and from 25.0 (SD 8.0) at baseline to 41.5 (SD 7.9) at 24 months for open surgery. When effect sizes are shown for the intervention, a negative sign indicates that an open procedure is favoured. For the intention-to-treat analysis, there was no statistical difference between the groups, the difference in OSS score at 24 months was -0.76 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.75 to 1.22; p = 0.452 and the CI excluded the predetermined clinically important difference in the OSS of 3 points. There was also no statistical difference when the groups were compared per protocol (difference in OSS score -0.46, 95% CI -5.30 to 4.39; p = 0.854). The questionnaire response rate was > 86%. At 8 months, 77% of participants reported that shoulder problems were much or slightly better, and at 24 months this increased to 85%. There were no significant differences in mean cost between the arthroscopic group and the open repair group for any of the component resource-use categories, nor for the total follow-up costs at 24 months. The overall treatment cost at 2 years was £2567 (SD £176) for arthroscopic surgery and £2699 (SD £149) for open surgery, according to intention-to-treat analysis. For the per-protocol analysis there was a significant difference in total initial procedure-related costs between the arthroscopic group and the open repair group, with arthroscopic repair being more costly by £371 (95% CI £135 to £607). Total quality-adjusted life-years accrued at 24 months averaged 1.34 (SD 0.05) in the arthroscopic repair group and 1.35 (SD 0.05) in the open repair group, a non-significant difference of 0.01 (95% CI -0.11 to 0.10). The rate of re-tear was not significantly different across the randomised groups (46.4% and 38.6% for arthroscopic and open surgery, respectively). The participants with tears that were impossible to repair had the lowest OSSs, the participants with re-tears had slightly higher OSSs and the participants with healed repairs had the most improved OSSs. These findings were the same when analysed per protocol.
In patients aged > 50 years with a degenerative rotator cuff tear there is no difference in clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness between open repair and arthroscopic repair at 2 years for the primary outcome (OSS) and all other prespecified secondary outcomes. Future work should explore new methods to improve tendon healing and reduce the high rate of re-tears observed in this trial.
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN97804283.
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 19, No. 80. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
Devastating transient and permanent postoperative neurocognitive complications in previously healthy, low-risk patients have been observed after elective shoulder arthroscopy in the beach chair ...position (BCP). Continuous monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation has been recommended to identify cerebral desaturation events (CDEs) and improve patient safety. However, the relatively high cost and limited availability of monitoring may not be cost-effective. More cost-effective and available measures, including the use of thigh-high compression stockings (CS), have been investigated. However, efficacy data of CS usage is limited, especially for obese patients, who have been shown to be at increased risk for CDEs. The purpose of this was study was to determine if the intraoperative addition of thigh-high compression stockings decreases the incidence, frequency, and magnitude of CDEs in obese patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy in the BCP.
Thirty-three patients in the treatment group wore both thigh-high compression stockings (CS) and sequential compression devices (SCDs), and the remaining 33 patients in the control group wore SCDs alone. Cerebral oximetry was monitored during surgery using near-infrared spectroscopy.
The incidence of CDEs was equal between groups, with 9 patients (27%) in each experiencing desaturation events. The median number of CDEs per patient was 3 for the control group and 1 for patients wearing CS (P = .29). There was no difference between groups in terms of median time from induction of anesthesia to onset of CDE (P = .79), median time from upright positioning to onset of CDE (P = .60), mean CDE duration per patient (P = .22), and median cumulative CDE duration (P = .19). The median maximal desaturation from baseline was also not different between groups: 27.6% in the control group and 24.3% in the treatment group (P = .35).
The combination of thigh-high CS and SCDs did not decrease the incidence, frequency, or magnitude of CDEs in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy in the BCP. Twenty-seven percent of patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy in the BCP demonstrated CDEs with or without the use of CS. Therefore, further research is required to identify cost-effective, minimally invasive, and universally available methods of decreasing the incidence of CDEs during this common surgical procedure.
Background:
Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) thresholds have been previously defined for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement ...Information System (PROMIS) at 1-year follow-up in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome; however, the MCID and PASS thresholds are yet to be defined for the PROMIS at 2-year follow-up.
Purpose:
(1) To establish MCID and PASS thresholds for the PROMIS Pain Interference (PROMIS-PI) and PROMIS Physical Function (PROMIS-PF) at 2-year follow-up and (2) to correlate PROMIS scores with hip-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) scores.
Study Design:
Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.
Methods:
Patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome between August and November 2020 with preoperative and minimum 2-year postoperative data were identified. Collected scores included those for the PROMIS-PI, PROMIS-PF, Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), Hip Outcome Score–Sports Subscale (HOS-SS), International Hip Outcome Tool–12 (iHOT-12), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. MCID thresholds were calculated using the distribution-based method and PASS thresholds using the anchor-based method. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to compare scores between PROMs.
Results:
A total of 65 patients met the criteria for inclusion (72.3% female; mean age, 36.9 ± 13.5 years; mean body mass index, 26.2 ± 6.0). The mean follow-up was 25.3 ± 3.3 months. Significant preoperative to postoperative improvements were observed for all PROMs (P < .001). MCID thresholds and achievement rates were as follows: HOS-ADL, 10.1 and 75%, respectively; HOS-SS, 13.8 and 79%, respectively; iHOT-12, 14.0 and 67%, respectively; VAS pain, –13.8 and 78%, respectively; PROMIS-PI, –4.7 and 65%, respectively; and PROMIS-PF, 5.8 and 60%, respectively. PASS thresholds and achievement rates were as follows: HOS-ADL, 78.7 and 67%, respectively; HOS-SS, 76.4 and 62%, respectively; iHOT-12, 67.4 and 60%, respectively; VAS pain, 25.5 and 61%, respectively; PROMIS-PI, 57.0 and 65%, respectively; and PROMIS-PF, 45.6 and 58%, respectively. PROMIS-PI scores correlated most strongly with HOS-ADL (r = −0.836), HOS-SS (r = −0.767), and iHOT-12 (r = −0.719) scores and exhibited at least moderate correlations (r≥−0.595) with the other PROM scores. PROMIS-PF demonstrated moderate correlations with all the other PROM scores (r≥−0.586). Strong correlations were seen between the hip-specific PROM scores (r≥−0.745).
Conclusion:
This study defined 2-year MCID and PASS thresholds for the PROMIS-PI and PROMIS-PF and demonstrated moderate to strong correlations between PROMIS scores and hip-specific PROM scores.
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