The article is a translation and analysis of some selected parts of diaries and memoirs of five Italians, soldiers of the Austro-Hungarian Army, who at the outbreak of the Great War fought in the ...area of Galicia and Bukovina. Its aim is also to depict the level of participation of the Italian subjects of Emperor Franz Joseph in the military actions on the Eastern front and also to reconstruct, basing it on mentioned sources, their perception of the area of Galicia and the conditions of trench warfare.
The view of Europe betweeen 19th and 20th centuries was shaped mainly by militarism. It is confirmed by the works of Michael Howard, Ian F.W. Beckett, Martin van Creveld, and also material culture, ...which is the heritage of those times. Architecture, technology, as well assculptures and paintings created shortly before the First World War are an illustration of how Polish literature reacted to the conflict of 1914–1918. In Tadeusz Kudliński’s novel Smak świata, where the main character is an officer of the Austro-Hungarian artillery, the world is dominated by machines: railway, telephone etc. According to Bjonar Olsen, those things represent material culture in the view of Tim Dant, allowing the main character to keep his identity. The collection of essays Młodości mej stolica. Wspomnienia krakowianina między wojnami provide the reader with a historical view of the war in the Carpathian Mountains and on the Italian front.
Wojenna turystyka Tadeusza Kudlińskiego Rozmus, Mateusz
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Historicolitteraria (Online),
12/2018, Letnik:
18
Journal Article
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Can a soldier be a tourist? Can we say that touristic experiences are possible during the war from the anthropological point of view? In this article I tried to find the answers to those questions, ...using Smak Świata by Tadeusz Kudliński. A soldier, but also a typical tourist, hungry for new experiences, was only accidentally placed in the middle of the war by history. The Tourist Gaze by John Urry and The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America by Daniel Boorstin were very useful during my research and helped to create a new view of Smak Świata novel.
Introduction. The subject of this study is the organization of the repatriation process of former prisoners of war of the Austro-Hungarian and German armies from the regions of Siberia and the Volga ...region.
Methods and materials. The methodological basis of this work consists of such basic principles of scientific and historical knowledge as objectivity and historicism, systematic and specific presentation of the material, as well as the value approach used in scientific research. The historical sources are theoretical scientific works of European and Russian scientists concerning various aspects of the history of prisoners of war in Russia.
Analysis. The author explores the issues related to the return to the historical homeland mainly of the Czechs and Slovaks, however, due to the peculiarities of the archival documents that have been preserved, there is information about Austrians, Germans, Hungarians and representatives of other nationalities. The author establishes some personal data of citizens of foreign countries who lived in the territory of Tsaritsyn and Tobolsk provinces in the early 1920s, who had the desire to go to their historic homeland. In addition, on the basis of circulars and orders of the relevant authorities (Plenbezh, evacuation services), the author analyzes how the process of sending home Czechs, Slovaks, Hungarians, etc. was organized. In addition, there is information about how the process of registration of foreign subjects of the near and far abroad took place. The author makes an attempt to provide informative data on the life and activities of former citizens of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, their ethnicity, family status, professional employment, circumstances of arrival in Russia, previous residence at home and the actual address of residence in the region.
Results. The process of repatriation of former prisoners of war of the Austro-Hungarian and German empires was delayed until 1924. It should also be noted that a certain percentage of these citizens remained in the new Soviet state. The difficulty in the process of returning to their historic homeland was the general confusion caused by the war and the change of the government, poor registration of prisoners of war, as well as the interest of state bodies in using this category of people as labor force in country’s industrial and agricultural enterprises.
A corner of the vanished world of Galician Jewry emerges from 104 postcards brought to America from Poland by the central figures of this family collection-Jacob and Matylda Schiff Sicherman. World ...War 1 is central to the story: Jacob served in the Austro-Hungarian army, while Matylda coped with two small children amid the uncertainties of war. Discussion of the cards' languages-German, Polish, Yiddish, and Hebrew-and analysis of their images and geography set the context. The Sicherman and Schiff families were mostly Hasidic, although some Schiffs were fervent Zionists. Education, work, and social customs are discussed as they apply to the writers. Jacob's 1917 cards record his experiences escorting deserters to their home bases in the far reaches of Austro-Hungary. In 1922, as antisemitism surged, he emigrated to America. Several years later, his wife and two daughters followed.
Even though the annexation of Bosnia by the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in 1908 raised the tension between the Monarchy and the Ottomans, Hungaro-Turkish political, economic, and cultural relations ...significantly improved from the beginning of the twentieth century until the end of the First World War. With the eruption of the Great War these friendly relations turned into a war alliance, where suddenly the battlefields became fields of joint effort. As a consequence, the outbreak of the war caused intensification of mutual visits and the arrival of Hungarian soldiers, journalists, and even artists and religious representatives in greater numbers in the Ottoman Empire.
In this paper the author mainly focuses on Hungarian accounts of different Ottoman fronts during the First World War, while not forgetting to put all these activities in the frame of the wartime alliance. War correspondents like Béla Landauer, István Dobay, and Jenő Heltai from different Hungarian journals, soldiers from the Austro-Hungarian Army like Dr Emil Vidéky and Dr László Király, the painter Géza Maróti, and even a military chaplain, Pál Schrotty left behind detailed memoirs of environments ranging from the picturesque Bay of Izmir to the desert of Palestine. These mostly unknown depictions reveal the cruelty of the war, research the healthcare system of the capital, and provide detailed accounts of the Berlin-Bagdad line and historical sites in the Empire, while also raising questions regarding the situation of Turkish women.
There are few known historical sources to show what position minority and sociopolitically marginalized groups such as the Roma population held in Croatian territory during the First World War. Due ...to the above, but also due to a lack of scientific and public interest, this subject has been neglected in the Croatian historiography. This work is based on the analysis of archival sources and other relevant secondary literature with the goal of researching the relationship between the state (especially army) and local authorities’ position towards the Roma in Croatian territory in the period from 1914 to 1918. Research on the position of the Roma in Croatian and Slavonian territory during the First World War has shown that their social status generally worsened during this period. Roma fit for military service were mobilized into the Austro-Hungarian army, and a number of these sought to desert. At the same time, Croatian state and local authorities placed the Roma in a category of particularly suspicious persons, thus seeking to carefully monitor their wanderings. A certain fear of the nomadic Roma as “permanent foreigners” and those who continuously resist the pressure of sedentarization and social integration motivated these authorities to enact general provisions to regulate the rights and responsibilities of the Roma during the war. In this context and under the influence of similar regulation enacted in Hungary, the Croatian government council enacted a provision on the sedentarization of the nomadic Roma in August 1916 which, among other things, included measures that forcibly tied them to a place of residence and controlled their wanderings and employment.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
U radu se razmatraju radovi pojedinih britanskih i hrvatskih autora o Istočnom bojištu 1915. u Prvom svjetskom ratu objavljeni od 2014. do 2017. godine. Prvenstveni je cilj komparativnom analizom ...postaviti okvir strukturnom i specijalističkom proučavanju Prvoga svjetskog rata u historiografiji. Propituju se do sada ustaljeni historiografski stavovi o stanju na Istočnom bojištu 1915. i neki mitovi o snazi i borbenoj spremnosti austrougarske vojske. Postavljaju se tri pitanja: 1. Koliko je opravdana teza o inferiornosti austrougarske vojske u odnosu na njemačku i rusku vojsku? 2. Je li Prvi svjetski rat mogao završiti već 1915. kao posljedica događaja na Istočnom bojištu? 3. Može li se procijeniti broj poginulih, ranjenih, zarobljenih i nestalih hrvatskih vojnika i časnika u borbama na Istočnom bojištu 1915. godine?
The First World War brought many changes to everyday life and came as a surprise to many contemporaries. The territory of today’s Slovenia mostly belonged to the 3rd Austro-Hungarian Army Corps. More ...than 160,000 soldiers were mobilized in these recruiting districts. The fact that the labor of at least five people was needed to provide for just one soldier on the frontline sums up how the hinterland was connected with the front. The fatalities among the soldiers were extremely high. During the first five offensives, the positions of the front were basically unchanged despite a large number of casualties. The Italian conquest of Gorica/Gorizia in August 1916 was followed by a new wave of refugees and the retreat of the Austro-Hungarian Army from the Doberdob/Doberdo Plateau to the new defense line in the Karst region. The atmosphere in the hinterland was affected by a feeling of scarcity and growing discontent. With the successful breakthrough in 1917 (the battle of Caporetto), which shifted the front to the Piave River, the Isonzo Front drew the attention of military strategists and became known internationally. At the end of October 1918, Austria-Hungary collapsed and new states emerged on its territory, among them the State of the Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs. Thus the stories of the soldiers and the memory of the fallen remained within the family circle and local cemeteries, far from national celebrations, out of the collective memory of the new state. Later, the memory of the Second World War and the postwar revolution also completely obscured the memory of the years 1914–1918. A characteristic feature of Slovenia in the period after the Second World War was that the first museum collections were created by private collectors, who collected material remains of the war on the trackless Soča landscape.
K.(U.)K. MILITÄRBIBLIOTHEKEN Gornik, Erik
Mitteilungen der Vereinigung Österreichischer Bibliothekarinnen & Bibliothekare,
2017, Letnik:
70, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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Dieser Beitrag befasst sich aus einer quantitativen Perspektive mit den Militärbibliotheken der ehemaligen k.(u.)k. Armee, Der bibliothekshistorische Blick wird dabei basierend auf einer ...Bibliotheksstatistik aus dem Jahre 1870, in Form einer Momentaufnahme zurück getan. Nach einer Erläuterung zu dieser Statistik werden die darin erfassten Militärbibliotheken zusammenfassend vorgestellt. Zwei Übersichtsgrafiken sollen das Bild sowohl vom Umfang des Bibliotheksnetzes, als auch der Bibliotheksbestände abschließen.
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