En la introducción a su nuevo libro, Julio Boltvinik aclara que corresponde al texto de su tesis de doctorado (Boltvinik, 2005), pero “es menos y es más” que aquella investigación que volaba por los ...aires las concepciones de la pobreza en México, y habría que agregar, en el mundo. En esta obra se incluyen nuevas discusiones y se dejan de lado otras que se desarrollaron con amplitud en la tesis.
In a world where many experience unprecedented levels of wellbeing, chronic poverty remains a major concern for many developing countries and the international community. Conventional frameworks for ...understanding development and poverty have focused on money, commodities and economic growth. This 2007 book challenges these conventional approaches and contributes to a new paradigm for development centred on human wellbeing. Poor people are not defined solely by their poverty and a wellbeing approach provides a better means of understanding how people become and stay poor. It examines three perspectives: ideas of human functioning, capabilities and needs; the analysis of livelihoods and resource use; and research on subjective wellbeing and happiness. A range of international experts from psychology, economics, anthropology, sociology, political science and development evaluate the state-of-the-art in understanding wellbeing from these perspectives. This book establishes a new strategy and methodology for researching wellbeing that can influence policy.
Abstract
Background
The ability of older persons to meet their basic needs (i.e. personal, financial and housing security), as well as to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADL), is crucial. It is ...unclear, however, whether such measures exist. This systematic review aimed to review English-language measures of the ability of older persons to meet their basic needs, and to critically review the comprehensiveness of these measures and their psychometric properties.
Methods
Fifteen electronic databases including PubMed, EBSCOhost and CINAHL were systematically searched for studies of measures that assessed the ability of older persons to meet their basic needs, as defined by the World Health Organization. Two review authors independently assessed the studies for inclusion in the review and evaluated their comprehensiveness and psychometrics.
Results
We found seven instruments from 62 studies that assessed multi-domain function including ADL and some elements of basic needs. The instruments varied in breadth and in reporting of key psychometric criteria. Further, no single instrument provided a comprehensive assessment of the ability of older persons to meet their basic needs.
Conclusion
No single instrument that measures the ability to meet basic needs was identified by this review. Further research is needed to develop an instrument that assesses the ability of older persons to meet their basic needs. This measure should include an evaluation of ADL.
•Providing Decent Living with Minimum Energy: A Global Scenario.•As ecological breakdown looms, the basic material needs of billions remain unmet.•We estimate the minimal energy for providing decent ...living globally & universally.•Despite population growth, 2050 global energy use could be reduced to 1960 levels.•This requires advanced technologies & reductions in demand to sufficiency levels.•But ‘sufficiency’ is far more materially generous than many opponents often assume.
It is increasingly clear that averting ecological breakdown will require drastic changes to contemporary human society and the global economy embedded within it. On the other hand, the basic material needs of billions of people across the planet remain unmet. Here, we develop a simple, bottom-up model to estimate a practical minimal threshold for the final energy consumption required to provide decent material livings to the entire global population. We find that global final energy consumption in 2050 could be reduced to the levels of the 1960s, despite a population three times larger. However, such a world requires a massive rollout of advanced technologies across all sectors, as well as radical demand-side changes to reduce consumption – regardless of income – to levels of sufficiency. Sufficiency is, however, far more materially generous in our model than what those opposed to strong reductions in consumption often assume.
Public Goods aim to improve individual welfare. We investigate the causal consequences of roads on well-being in 24 African countries, instrumenting paved roads by 19th Century hypothetical lines ...between major ports and cities. We have data on over 32000 individuals, and consider both their objective and subjective well-being, via access to four basic needs and the subjective evaluation of living conditions respectively. Our instrumental-variable analysis suggests that roads reduce material deprivation, by improving access to basic needs, but that there is no causal relation between the distance to a road and subjective living conditions. The benefit of roads in providing basic needs then seems to be offset by worse outcomes in other domains.
•We evaluate the causal effects of road access on objective and subjective well-being.•Geocoded Afrobarometer data from 24 countries is matched to the paved road network.•Roads provide basic needs, but have no causal effect on subjective living conditions.
'한 눈에 보는 보건의료 아시아/태평양' 네번째 판인 이 보고서는 아태지역 27개국의 건강상태, 건강 결정요인, 보건의료 자원과 활용, 의료비와 재원조달, 보건의료 질에 대한 핵심지표를 제시하고 있다. 광범위한 데이터에 근거해 '한 눈에 보는 보건의료' 이전 버전에서 사용했던 형식을 바탕으로 작성된 본 보고서는 해당 27개국의 국민 건강과 보건시스템 ...작용에 영향을 끼치는 요소가 무엇인지 일목요연하게 보여준다. 각각의 지표는 한 눈에 알아보기 쉽게 국가별 · 연도별 흐름에 따른 변화를 설명하는 차트, 데이터가 제시하는 주요.
Scholarly interest in necessity entrepreneurship has risen steadily over the last four decades, with much of the research in this area focused on distinguishing individuals who are pushed into ...entrepreneurship by negative factors, such as unemployment, from those who are pulled into it by its attractiveness. Yet, although past research has extended knowledge considerably, the dichotomous framing commonly employed in studies in this realm has limited theoretical development, as it ignores important variation among necessity entrepreneurs and, hence, the processes by which they engage in entrepreneurship. In this paper, we seek to reconceptualize the necessity entrepreneurship construct by drawing on a motivational theory of necessity to predict how variation in founders' basic needs influences the entrepreneurial process, conditional on the level of their human capital endowments, the environmental context in which they are embedded, and the presence of supportive institutional levers. We conclude by discussing the implications of our study and the potential ways in which our theory can be tested and extended.
For social analysts, what has come to be called the “sharing economy” raises important questions. After a discussion of history and definitions, we focus on 3 areas of research in the for‐profit ...segment, also called the platform economy: social connection, conditions for laborers, and inequalities. Although we find that some parts of the platform economy, particularly Airbnb, do foster social connection, there are also ways in which even shared hospitality is becoming more like conventional exchange. With respect to labor conditions, we find they vary across platforms and the degree to which workers are dependent on the platform to meet their basic needs. On inequality, there is mounting evidence that platforms are facilitating person‐to‐person discrimination by race. In addition, platforms are advantaging those who already have human capital or physical assets, in contrast to claims that they provide widespread opportunity or even advantage less privileged individuals.
The lack of support in academia, especially during doctoral studies, is a widely debated issue. Such experiences can be expected to be highly relevant to young researchers for their developing ...identity as scholars and their career aspirations. According to self-determination theory, support for the three basic psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and social relatedness in the doctoral context should foster the development of scholarly identity, which in turn is linked to career aspirations. In this longitudinal study, we investigated how doctoral graduates (N = 180) perceived such support during their doctoral studies and how these perceptions were related to their scholarly identity and career aspirations one year after finishing their doctorate. Our findings showed that only social relatedness to the scientific community during the doctorate was positively related to graduates' aspiration to stay in academia later on. Scholarly identity mediates this effect. We found no effects of competence and autonomy support. We discuss theoretical implications and the need for further research on the relations between the three basic needs. We discuss the applicability of these findings beyond the national context.
This study reveals that the likelihood and diversity of postsecondary institutions providing basic needs programs are significantly influenced by institutional factors such as the institutions’ ...organization and size. This study also indicates that Hispanic-Serving Institutions tend to provide emergency housing, which highlights a targeted response to specific community needs. In addition, the analysis indicates that the presence of students with financial needs is linked to the availability of food pantry services, suggesting a strategic approach to address student welfare. The findings from this study provide critical insights into how institutional characteristics influence the provision and variety of basic needs services. These conclusions not only underscore the pivotal role of such services in supporting the overall well-being and academic success of students but also indicate institutional factors that support the formal implementation of a variety of basic needs programs to meet diverse student needs.
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