Present Italian studies on Africa go beyond regional and disciplinary divides of the past. The trend is towards a positive transgression of previous boundaries, and scholars have shifted attention ...from the disciplinary approach to the transdisciplinaryand inter-disciplinary research. However, elements and trends of the past still influence the relationship between Berber literary studies and African literary studies in Italy. This paper offers a first reflection on the long-term relationships between Africanist studies and studies on Berber literature by taking into account conjunctures and disjunctures in the complex construction of thegeographical and cultural notions of (and divide between) ‘Africa’ and ‘North Africa’.The aim is to understand specificity and continuity of the relationship betweenBerber studies and Africanist studies in Italy when compared to international studies.Looking at the Italian studies of Berber literature, one finds a strong influence of the linguistic and philological approaches. Moreover, one recognizes the tendency of thestudies to look ‘East’ rather than ‘South’ in establishing their cultural and political framework of reference. On the other hand, studies that give attention to new developments in Berber written literature spring usually from African 'post-colonial' literary studies. However, the situation is also evolving in the specific field of Italian Berber studies.
19. yüzyılın sonlarında ve 20. yüzyılın başlarında gelişen ve dünya edebiyatınıetkilemişönemli bir edebi eğilim olan bölgecilik veya bölgeselcilik, bir bölgenin karakterleri, diyalektleri, ...gelenekleri, tarihi ve topografyasıgibi belirli özelliklerine odaklanan roman veya şiirlerde belirginleşir. Özellikle kurgusal türlerde olay örgüsü, şahıslar, zaman, mekân gibi anlatıbileşenleri veya dil ve üslup gibi özellikler üzerinde bölgeci tavrın izlerini görmek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada ise Dona Campbell’in Amerikan bölgesel edebiyatıiçin belirlediği zaman, mekân, karakterler, anlatıcıve olay örgüsü gibi anlatıbileşenlerinde gözlemlenen kurgusal karakteristiklerden hareketle Türk edebiyatında bölgeselci tavrın izleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu karakteristiklerin Necati Cumalı’nın Kente İnen Kaplanlaradlıkitabında yer alan “Gençlik Berberi” adlıöyküsü örneğinde ne oranda karşılık bulduğu çalışmanın amacınıoluşturmaktadır. Öyküde bu tesir, sadece edebi coğrafya olarak belli bir bölgenin mekân olarak tercih edilmesi suretiyle değil, şahıs kadrosu, olay örgüsü ve dil ve üslup düzleminde de belli mahalli ögelerin öne çıkarılması şeklinde de görülür.
Nick joins Cognigine to oversee all marketing initiatives for the company and guide Cognigine in the development of its business and strategic partnership programs. He will develop new customers, ...build the customer support and applications engineering organizations and drive for new customer programs." Nick's drive and experience will usher Cognigine into a market leadership position for next generation communication processors targeting Broadband and Optical Networking applications," said Nick Kucharewski. "He brings a results-oriented approach and an impressive record of past successes. Nick's broad range of experience and talent will help drive Cognigine forward as we move ahead to leadership in Network Processors."
This study was performed in order to explore the correlation between the monosaccharide composition and hypoglycemic activity of Berberi dasystachya polysaccharides (BDPs). BDPs were extracted with ...hot water from B. dasystachya fruit from five regions of Qinghai province (I–V). The chemical compositions and primary structures of BDPs were determined, and their in vitro hypoglycemic activity was evaluated in terms of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities, and their protective effect against apoptosis induced by glucolipotoxicity (GLTy) in RIN-m5F cells was assessed. The results showed that BDPs were heteropolysaccharides connected by β-glycosidic bonds that had apyranose backbone without a triple-helix conformation, and exhibited excellent thermal stability at temperatures below 200 ℃. In addition, the monosaccharide composition and molecular mass of BDPs varied significantly depending on geographical origin. BDP-I showed good hypoglycemic activity in vitro, and the inhibitory rate of BDP-I on α-amylase was as high as 67.41% (P < 0.05). BDPs exhibited good protective effects on GLTY-induced apoptosis in RIN-m5F cells, and BDP-I had the best cell proliferation-promoting activity, which effectively decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Finally, correlation analysis showed that monosaccharides such as glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha) exhibited a strongly positive correlation with hypoglycemic activity in vitro, and there was a strongly negative correlation between mannose (Man) and ROS levels. This study provides a theoretical basis for the utilization and development of B. dasystachya Maxim. berry in terms of hypoglycemic activity.
EH: Professor Abadia, you refer to your experiences with adaptive technology as a “life journey.” How did the journey begin?
MA: I was always taught to rise above any obstacle that stood in my way, ...to respect myself, to stand up for my rights and for what I believed in. I was taught to persevere, to try as hard as I could to achieve my goals, regardless of any prospect of failure. Basically, I was taught to be fearless. However, I have a confession to make: I have always been afraid of computers, electronic gadgets, any computerized system that would
Cet article propose une analyse exhaustive des archives militaires produites dans le Moyen Atlas marocain entre 1912 et 1915 dans lesquelles l’ethnonyme « berbère » devient une catégorie opératoire ...du pouvoir colonial. En l’absence de vastes enquêtes ethnographiques dans cette région du Maroc, les officiers sont les premiers à collecter et à analyser les informations disponibles sur les populations berbères avec les outils, les modèles interprétatifs et les préjugés d’une ethnographie militaire inspirée des bureaux arabes et des cercles soudanais. Ces archives de l’ethnographie militaire sont des lieux d’expérimentation et d’incertitudes dans lesquels les militaires analysent les informations recueillies sur les populations « indigènes », élaborent des hypothèses souvent contradictoires, sélectionnent et oublient les données avant que leurs observations ne se figent sous l’effet de la « politique berbère » du protectorat marocain visant à « protéger » l’autonomie des coutumes berbères au Maroc. Dans un premier temps, l’article analyse les préjugés des officiers quant à la légitimité politique du Maghzen, la « tiédeur religieuse » des populations berbères et le rôle politique du cadre tribal au Maroc. Dans un deuxième temps, l’article montre que l’ethnonyme berbère est produit dans un contexte opérationnel lié à la « pacification » du Moyen Atlas. En effet, à partir de 1913, un groupe d’officiers élabore un nouveau plan d’action politique fondé sur l’unité supposée des « coutumes berbères », espérant obtenir ainsi le ralliement des populations et faciliter la « pacification » de la région. Dans les archives militaires, cette nouvelle approche se traduit par l’apparition des questionnaires ethnographiques sur les coutumes berbères en complément des « fiches de tribus ». À partir de 1915 seulement, les militaires font appel aux représentants du monde académique pour mettre en forme leurs propres conceptions des « coutumes berbères » inspirées de leurs expériences auprès des populations kabyles et touarèg.
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