Addressing the challenge of climate change requires information on how to achieve GHG mitigation at the global scale. Here, we use the latest data available on economic interdependencies between ...economies as well as the associated emission activities to track the drivers of global GHG emissions during the post-financial crisis era from 2009 to 2019, among which the role of spillover in the context of global trade is highlighted. We found that the decrease in GHG emission intensity is the main factor responsible for slowing down global GHG emissions, particularly for the industrial sector. Production technology effect plays an increasingly important role in reducing GHG emissions, yet they are still unable to offset the increasing GHG emissions caused by final demand expansion with the economy rebound after the financial crisis. The bilateral analysis across regions demonstrates that spillover plays an important role in driving global GHG emissions, and it is likely that changes in technology and economic structure could result in more GHG emissions in other economies. This motivates us to raise questions about jurisdiction-based GHG mitigation policies and a call for global cooperation to reduce GHG emissions.
•Using SDA to investigate the determinants of global GHG emissions growth.•Combining two unique datasets to capture regional and sectoral heterogeneities.•Highlighting the role of spillover in driving global GHG emissions growth.•The bilateral analysis calls into question jurisdiction-based GHG mitigation policies.•Technological improvement is a good way to reduce GHG emissions if financially justified.
La migración china ha sido impulsada por políticas migratorias en Colombia contribuyendo a factores comoel fortalecimiento de la diplomacia, oportunidades económicas, intercambio cultural, etc. ...Debido a la aperturatransfronteriza, Colombia ha logrado atraer a un número significativo de migrantes chinos generandoun ambiente propicio para nuevas oportunidades y mejorar sus condiciones de vida. Esta investigación tuvocomo objetivo el análisis de las perspectivas locales de la migración china en Colombia y su impacto en eldesarrollo local. Se implementó una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo por medio deun método deductivo para profundizar las percepciones e impacto en el contexto nacional. Se diseñó y validóel instrumento titulado “PMI Universidad ECCI” correspondientes a sus siglas: Perspectivas de la MigraciónInternacional el cual indagó en 15 ítems de tres perspectivas: económica, social y perspectivas culturalesevaluadas en una escala Likert. Se utilizó una muestra de 93 profesionales expertos en comercio internacional.Los hallazgos revelaron que la migración china ha generado un impulso significativo en el desarrollo delterritorio nacional colombiano, aportando empleo y diversidad cultural, asimismo, se sugiere una cooperaciónpermanente dada entre norte-sur promoviendo políticas exteriores y de migración sólidas que fomentenla inclusión. Finalmente se concluye que existen desafíos y oportunidades en términos de integración yequidad en condiciones locales para el fortalecimiento de las relaciones internacionales entre ambos países.
Critics frequently accuse China of acting as a patron for autocratic states. But does Chinese engagement actually increase the stability of authoritarian clients? This article demonstrates that ...Chinese bilateral interactions have little effect on the longevity of autocratic regimes. Analyses of different forms of Chinese bilateral engagement between 1993 and 2008—including state visits, arms trading, aid projects, economic cooperation, and trade dependence—show that only export dependence on China may increase the likelihood of survival for autocratic regimes while doing little to stabilize their democratic counterparts.
The Changing Incidence of Geography Anderson, James E.; Yotov, Yoto V.
The American economic review,
12/2010, Letnik:
100, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The incidence of bilateral trade costs is calculated here using neglected properties of the structural gravity model, disaggregated by commodity and region, and re-aggregated into forms useful for ...economic geography. For Canada's provinces, 1992-2003, sellers' incidence is on average some five times higher than buyers' incidence. Sellers' incidence falls over time due to specialization, despite constant gravity coefficients. This previously unrecognized globalizing force drives big reductions in "constructed home bias," the disproportionate predicted share of local trade; and large but varying gains in real GDP.
This article traces the evolution of Vietnam-India cultural relations between 2016 and 2021. The methodology of qualitative research design, data collection, and thematic and textual analysis are ...used to shed light on the rise of Vietnam’s and India’s cultural diplomacy. The article describes the substantial development in Vietnam-India cultural diplomacy between 2016 and 2021 with clear evidence of cultural events. Based on the closely examined process of India-Vietnam cultural relations and the national policies of Vietnam and India, the author provides an outlook for these bilateral cultural ties in the future.
By the onset of the Second World War, the USSR had virtually no experience or established traditions of interaction with South Asian countries. Initially, Soviet-Indian relations could be ...characterized as tepid, largely due to a lack of accurate information about each other. During the wartime, the USSR underestimated the advantages of forging close ties with Indian left-wing centrists, favoring instead communists who provided the Kremlin with falsified data on the national liberation movement in the country. The article examines how bilateral relations evolved and strengthened as mutual knowledge grew. The second stage of Soviet-Indian relations (1955-1971) can be termed as a period of "birth of friendship," as the image of partnership is consolidated in the eyes of Soviet and Indian politicians and the public. Soviet diplomacy played a pivotal role in shaping policy changes: diplomats sought to gather crucial information about events in the country, transmit it to the USSR, and promote bilateral rapprochement, sometimes even acting in violation of instructions. The article pays particular attention to the activities of Subhas Chandra Bose, the leader of the left wing of the Indian National Congress, who according to Indian sociological surveys on the most prominent politicians of the 20th century, ranks second only to Mahatma Gandhi. During the Second World War, he was an uncompromising fighter against British colonialists. The Soviet Union did not pay sufficient attention to S.C. Bose, although he potentially could have been a valuable partner for Moscow. At present, the problem of mutual lack of awareness has resurfaced, hindering the development of closer political, economic, and cultural-humanitarian ties between Russia and India.
The relevance of the subject of the study is largely due to the need to investigate the causes and prerequisites for severing diplomatic ties between Ukraine and the Democratic People’s Republic of ...Korea against the background of modern geopolitical changes. The importance of such an analysis lies in the militarisation policy of North Korea, which may affect the partnership of the country with the Ukrainian state. The need to conduct such an examination also lies in the insufficient number of papers on the outlined subject. The purpose of the study was to clarify the main aspects of cooperation between Ukraine and the DPRK during 1992-2022. The methods of scientific knowledge used to conduct the research are: historical, comparative, statistical, systemic, and terminological. The main achievements that were obtained as a result of the study can be outlined as follows: clarification of the course and development of relations between Ukraine and North Korea, examination of the nature of the relevant relations through the analysis of regulatory legal acts concluded between the two states. The attitude of Ukraine to the nuclear potential of the DPRK and the policy towards the unification of the Republic of Korea and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea are outlined. The main reasons why Ukraine declared a statement on the termination of diplomatic relations with the DPRK and the position of North Korea on the annexation and occupation of certain territories of Ukraine, diplomatic relations between Russia and the people’s diplomatic Republic of Korea against the background of a full-scale invasion of the territory of the Ukrainian state by the Russian Federation are clarified. The results of the study can be used by historians, geopolitics, lawyers, and other researchers as a basis for further work on related subjects
Cooperation helps states realize mutual gains, but mistrust and disagreements over institutional design inhibit cooperation. This article develops a network explanation for how states achieve ...cooperation in the face of persistent coordination and collaboration problems. The analysis focuses on bilateral cooperation agreements, a vast body of treaties spanning multiple issue areas. Bilateral agreements constitute an evolving network of cooperative ties. This network defines the strategic environment in which states bargain over new agreements, endogenously influencing subsequent bilateral endeavors by revealing strategically valuable information about states’ trustworthiness and preferences over institutional design, while also generating externalities that incentivize bilateral partnerships. Inferential network analysis shows that states are more likely to create bilateral agreements if they (1) share agreements with common third parties, (2) accede to more agreements in general, and/or (3) share important exogenous characteristics with current bilateral partners. These network dynamics drive bilateral cooperation in everything from commodities to cultural exchange to fisheries.
30 years have passed since the full-scale renewal of relations between Russia and the countries of Central (at that time Eastern) Europe. With an error of one year plus/minus, in 1991, 1992 and 1993, ...fundamentally new agreements on friendship and cooperation were signed, designed for a long-term perspective and the possibility of bringing relations to a new denominator. Unfortunately, the period of ideological renewal turned out to be short-lived, taking place against the background of the deterioration of economic relations until the mid-1990-ies and in the end, it ran into a wall of lack of strategic vision in rapidly changing international realities and a narrowing space of mutual understanding. Even the exceptional pragmatism of relations with which Russia emerged from Medvedev’s presidency and after Putin’s Munich speech did not save these relations from almost complete destruction, where the years superimposed on the Covid-19 epidemic turned out to be particularly catastrophic and the battle with the Sputnik vaccine was followed by very real hostilities.
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