Lebbeck mealybug (Nipaecoccus viridis) was first identified in Florida citrus in 2019 in Highlands County. It has now been documented in commercial citrus groves in 11 counties and in dooryard citrus ...plantings in two counties. There is no quick fix to getting control over lebbeck mealybug. But researchers are making progress each week to better understand this pest, its predators and what combination of management actions are needed to support Florida citrus production.
Managing the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) is critical because of its role in spreading huanglongbing (HLB). Biological control is one method for ACP control. It is essential for developing integrated ...and sustainable pest management strategies. Biological control has always been a vital component of citrus pest management in Florida; understanding its contribution to the mortality of ACP is crucial.
By addressing considerations of efficacy and safety of drugs and chemicals used to combat COVID-19, virtually in real-time, this book documents and highlights the advances in science and place the ...toxicology, pharmaceutical science, public health and medical community in a better position to advise in future epidemics.
By addressing considerations of efficacy and safety of drugs and chemicals used to combat COVID-19, virtually in real-time, this book documents and highlights the advances in science and place the ...toxicology, pharmaceutical science, public health and medical community in a better position to advise in future epidemics.
The BioPhorum Development Group is an industry collaboration enabling the sharing of common practices for the development of biopharmaceuticals. Bioassays are an important part of an analytical ...control system. Utilization of ready-to-use cells can increase operational flexibility and improve efficiency by providing frozen cell banks uniform stock while removing challenges associated with maintaining cultured cells. The BioPhorum Development Group-Bioassay workstream conducted an intercompany benchmarking survey and group discussions around the use of ready-to-use cells for bioassays. The results of the collaboration provide alignment on nomenclature, production, qualification and implementation of ready-to-use cells to support the assay life cycle.
Draft questions were composed by the authors based on prior knowledge of the issues associated with ready-to-use cell use. Questions were further refined through open discussion among the authors. Respondents answered the questions in a blinded fashion using Microsoft forms. One author compiled the results for open discussion among the BioPhorum members.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), namely Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, cause a significant disease burden in modern civilization. Ever since the introduction of anti-TNF-directed therapies ...20 years ago, cytokines have attracted a lot of research attention and several cytokine-directed therapies have been implemented in the clinical treatment of these diseases.
The research progress in these past years has underlined the importance of both myeloid and lymphoid elements of the immune system in the pathogenesis of IBD and their cytokine-mediated interplay. The conceptual framework of the mucosal cytokine network has shifted during these years from a T helper (Th) dichotomy (Th1/Th2) to the effector/regulatory T cell balance, while nowadays, the importance of myeloid cell instruction of lymphocytes, namely by IL-12 and IL-23, is increasingly recognized. Anti-IL-12p40 agents, like ustekinumab, groundbreakingly changed patient care, and anti-IL23p19-directed approaches are on the verge of grand success. In this review we present a modular approach to understand the cytokine network and put it into the context of the pathogenesis of IBD with a special focus on publications since 2014.
Biologics to treat anaphylaxis Yang, Barbara C
Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology,
10/2023, Letnik:
23, Številka:
5
Journal Article
The purpose of this literature review was to review the latest use of biologics in the management of anaphylaxis. The methodology was to highlight both the nonbiologic management of anaphylaxis and ...the biologic management and how they can be used in conjunction with each other.
As the phenotypes and endotypes of anaphylaxis are better portrayed, it furthers our understanding of the mechanisms of anaphylaxis. New applications of existing biologics to the prevention of anaphylaxis are described.
Anaphylaxis is a potentially life-threatening acute hypersensitivity reaction affecting up to 16.8% of the U.S. population. Acute management entails swift identification, removal of the causative agent, and the prevention of cardiovascular collapse, firstly with epinephrine. Adjunctive treatments such as antihistamines work to prevent anaphylaxis from recurring. Biologic management of anaphylaxis involves the use of large-molecule drugs such as monoclonal antibodies. Omalizumab, an IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting unbound IgE, is the most prevalent and widely studied biologic in the prevention of anaphylaxis. Other monoclonal antibodies in development or approved for other indications, such as ligelizumab, quilizumab, MEDI4212, and dupilumab, may also have potential for preventing anaphylaxis through various mechanisms.
Introduction: Traceability is important in the postmarketing surveillance of biologicals, since changes in the manufacturing process may give rise to product- or batch-specific risks. With the ...expected expansion of the biosimilar market, there have been concerns about the ability to trace individual products within pharmacovigilance databases.Areas covered: The authors discuss the present challenges in the traceability of biologicals in relation to pharmacovigilance, by exploring the processes involved in ensuring traceability. They explore both the existing systems that are in place for the recording of exposure information in clinical practice, as well as the critical steps involved in the transfer of exposure data to various pharmacovigilance databases.Expert opinion: The existing systems ensure the traceability of biologicals down to the manufacturer within pharmacy records, but do not support the routine recording of batch information. Expected changes in supply chain standards provide opportunities to systematically record detailed exposure information. Spontaneous reporting systems are the most vulnerable link in ensuring traceability, due to the manual nature of data transfer. Efforts to improve the traceability should, in the short term, be focused toward encouraging health professionals and patients to systematically record and report detailed exposure information. Long-term solutions lie in expanding the accessibility to, and increasing the electronic exchange of exposure data.
Conjugation of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) to proteins or drug delivery nanosystems is a widely accepted method to increase the therapeutic index of complex nano-biopharmaceuticals. Nevertheless, ...these drugs and agents are often immunogenic, triggering the rise of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). Among these ADAs, anti-PEG IgG and IgM were shown to account for efficacy loss due to accelerated blood clearance of the drug (ABC phenomenon) and hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) entailing severe allergic symptoms with occasionally fatal anaphylaxis. In addition to recapitulating the basic information on PEG and its applications, this review expands on the physicochemical factors influencing its immunogenicity, the prevalence, features, mechanism of formation and detection of anti-PEG IgG and IgM and the mechanisms by which these antibodies (Abs) induce ABC and HSRs. In particular, we highlight the in vitro, animal and human data attesting to anti-PEG Ab-induced complement (C) activation as common underlying cause of both adverse effects. A main message is that correct measurement of anti-PEG Abs and individual proneness for C activation might predict the rise of adverse immune reactions to PEGylated drugs and thereby increase their efficacy and safety.
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Insecticide resistance has been and continues to be a significant problem for invertebrate pest control. As such, effective insecticide resistance management (IRM) is critical to maintain the ...efficacy of current and future insecticides. A technical group within CropLife International, the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) was established 35 years ago (1984) as an international association of crop protection companies that today spans the globe. IRAC's focus is on preserving the long-term utility of insect, mite, and most recently nematode control products through effective resistance management to promote sustainable agriculture and improved public health. A central task of IRAC has been the continual development and documentation of the Mode of Action (MoA) Classification scheme, which serves as an important tool for implementing IRM strategies focused on compound rotation / alternations. Updates to the IRAC MoA Classification scheme provide the latest information on the MoA of current and new insecticides and acaricides, and now includes information on biologics and nematicides. Details for these new changes and additions are reviewed herein.
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•Insecticide resistance continues to expand - >600 species resistant to ≥1 insecticide.•Since 1984 IRAC has been industry's response to long term resistance management.•IRAC - information on insecticide modes of action (MoA) – continually updated.•MoA classification provides the basis for effective resistance management.•Biologics, biopesticides and nematicides now included in the MoA classification.
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