U radu se istražuje usmena književnost Bistre, opisuju se vrste i oblici koji se pojavljuju, kao i teme i motivi koji prevladavaju u kazivanjima prema dostupnim izvorima. Istraživanje je pokazalo da ...se usmena književnost bistranskoga kraja ponajviše temelji na usmenoj lirici, folklornom kazalištu i usmenoj predaji što su tijekom terenskoga istraživanja 1970-ih godina zabilježili istraživači Instituta za etnologiju i folkloristiku (tada: Institut za narodnu umjetnost). Komparativna je analiza pokazala da se pojedine teme i motivi u zapisanim pjesmama iz drugih krajeva pojavljuju u bistranskim inačicama usmene lirike. U istraživanjima folklornoga kazališta zabilježene su dramske scene mahom vezane uz vjerske blagdane, pokladne maškare i svadbene običaje, dok su u usmenoj predaji zabilježeni zapisi o Seljačkoj buni, kmetovima i feudalcima i liku Matije Gupca. U današnje se vrijeme očuvanjem i promicanjem bistranske usmene tradicije bave članovi Kulturno-umjetničkoga društva „Bistra“, Udruga „Ekomuzej Bistra“, kao i druge bistranske udruge, mještani i istraživači.
The paper explores oral literature of Bistra, describes the types and forms that appear, as well as the themes and motifs that prevail in narrations according to available sources. The research showed that oral literature of the Bistra region is mostly based on oral lyrics, folklore theater and oral tradition, which was recorded during field research in the 1970s by researchers at the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Research (then: Institute of Folk Art). Comparative analysis has shown that certain themes and motifs in written poems from other regions appear in Bistran versions of oral lyrics. Within the research of folklore theater, dramatic scenes were recorded, mostly related to religious holidays, carnival masquerades and wedding customs, while oral tradition contains records of the Peasant uprising 1573, serfs and feudal lords and the figure of Matija Gubec. Nowadays, members of the Cultural and Artistic Society "Bistra", the Association "Ecomuseum Bistra", as well as other Bistra associations, locals and researchers are involved in preserving, and promoting Bistra oral tradition.
The borders of the cadastral municipalities that are still valid today are, in many cases, based on much older landowners’ borders of feudal lordships. Thus, in central Slovenia, in the forests below ...Mount Krim, we find the old boundary marks representing today’s cadastral municipality of Preserje, based on the former border between the Carthusia Bistra and the Ig estate from 1726. The main purpose of this paper is to present the current state of the preserved boundary marks along this border. The preserved boundary marks are about 80 cm high, have carved sequential letters, the year 1726 and coats of arms of the Carthusia Bistra and the earls Engelshaus (the owners of the Ig estate at that time). In 1748, this boundary was adopted as the boundary between the Notranjska (Inner) and the Gorenjska (Upper) districts of the Carniola region in the Habsburg Monarchy. As part of the Franciscan cadastral survey in 1823, this border was used as the border of cadastral municipalities, and it has retained this role until today. On the Franciscan cadastral maps, we find eleven locations numbered with the year 1726 and the consecutive letter from B to M. Today, at these locations, we can still find two original boundary marks decorated with coats of arms and the year 1726, two destroyed original boundary marks and three probably later replaced boundary marks without inscriptions and coats of arms. We also examined locations on the even older eastern border of the Carthusia Bistra, on which today mainly only post-war trigonometric points of lower orders can be found; only on the Smrekovec hill under Rakitna did we find another older boundary mark without additional inscriptions or coats of arms.
...in central Slovenia, in the forests below mountain Krim, we still find old boundary marks representing today's cadastral municipality of Preserje, which are based on the formei^ borde}" between ...the Bistra Carthusian monastery and the Ig estate from 1726. In 1748, this boundary was adopted as the boundary between the Notranjska (Inner) and the Gorenjska (Upper) districts of the Carniola region in the Habsburg Monarchy. On the Franciscan cadastral maps, we found eleven locations marked with 1726 and letters fiom В to M. Today, at these locations, we still find two original, two destroyed original boundary marks and three late}" replaced boundary marks without any inscriptions or coats of arms. V članku predstavljamo zgodovinski oris obravnavane meje in mej nib kamnov, ki smo ga pripravili na podlagi sistematičnega pregleda starejših zemljiškokatastrskih náčrtov, terenskih preverb in literature. Arhiv RS: signatura PE, ki jo razložimo na primeru SI AS 176/A/A133/g/A15 (https://vac. sjas.gov.si/vac/search/details?id=233458), kjer SI AS 176 označuje franciscejski kataster za Kranjsko, oznaka SI AS 181 pa reambulančni kataster za Kranjsko. Kot bo razvidno iz rezultátov, smo na terenu na nekaterih potencialnih lokacijah mejnikov našli starejše kamnite mejnike, naravne skale ali pa le presečišča nekdanjih poti. 3 ZGODOVINA MEJNIH SPOROV MED KARTUZIJO BISTRO IN IŽANSKIMI GOSPODI Za razumevanje zgodovinskega konteksta poteka obravnavanih mej katastrskih občín pa tudi starih označb na najdenih mejnih kamnih je treba poznati zgodovinski razvoj lastniške oziroma parcelne strukture obravnavanega območja. Leta 1782 pa ga je v okviru svojih reform ukinil cesar Jožef II., ki je bil zaslužen tudi za jožefinsko katastrsko izmēro. Nemško ime Freudenthal, ki se je uveljavilo v 17. stoletju, je nastalo iz latinskega opisnega poimenovanja »vesele oziroma prijetne doline v Borovnici« in tudi samega poimenovanja Borovnice, za katero že v 14. stoletju zasledimo razli čičo Freudnicz (Kobe, 1961; Mlinarič, 2001, str. 23). Prvi obranjeni opis meje kartuzije Bistra je iz leta 1264: začela se je pri nekdanji skali nad vodo na sotočju Ljubijanice in Borovniščice, potem je tekla ob bregu Ljubijanice do Podpeči, potem mimo vasi Kamnik pod Krimom v smeri današnje Rakitne, od tu proti zahodu do Cerknice in nato naravnost proti severozahodu к mejni crti, ki je ločevala območje oglejskega patriarha od ozemlja koroškega vojvode, do Logatca, nato do planine »Brekovica«1, s te planine pa preko grebenov do gore nad vasjo Tunjca2 in končno severozahodno od Vrhnike do združitve z izhodiščno točko (Kobe, 1961; Mlinarič, 2001, str. 37) (slika 4).
Boreholes Badel-1 and Badel-2, located in Sesvete near Zagreb, were drilled through 71.50 and 84.40 m of Quaternary sediments, respectively. Within these sediments, the occurrence of earthy aggregate ...and 1-2 mm nodules of the deep blue coloured mineral vivianite was observed. Interpretation of the depositional environment, provenance of the sediments and vivianite occurrence was based on sedimentological, mineralogical and palynological analyses. Three different facies within the alluvial environments were interpreted: 1) gravels and sands typical of alluvial environments 2) structureless beds of silts and clays deposited in oxbow lakes, marshes and floodplains 3) chaotic sediments deposited in the upper part of the alluvial fan. Macroscopically, an earthy aggregate is essentially an occurrence of flattened vivianite crystals grouped in clusters. The studied sediments are the product of intensive weathering of different types of rocks from Medvednica Mt. with a prevalence of green-schists. Rocks from Medvednica Mt. as the source of ferrous iron (Fe^sup 2+^) and phosphorus (P), and reductive depositional environments can indicate conditions for genesis of vivianite.
V članku so predstavljene redovne in umetnostne povezave kartuzij na Slovenskem s kartuzijo Gaming. Raziskava je pokazala, da je do okrog leta 1500 potekala relativno pogosta izmenjava priorjev in ...menihov med Gamingom in slovenskimi kartuzijami. V večini primerov je šlo za prihode menihov iz Gaminga v slovenske kartuzije, redkejši pa so bili odhodi iz slovenskih kartuzij v Gaming. Tudi umetnostnozgodovinska primerjalna in slogovna analiza sta razkrili več doslej še neopaženih povezav. Povezavo razkrivajo tudi posamezni ujemajoči se kamnoseški znaki. V slovenskih kartuzijah izstopa umetnostno naročništvo grofov Celjskih. Ti bi se pri likovni reprezentaciji lahko zgledovali prav po načinih, ki so se jih z namenom memorie v Gamingu posluževali Habsburžani.
Valea superioară a Bistrei este situată în partea de nord-vest a României, în jumătatea de nord a judeţului Bihor. În 1989, majoritatea locuitorilor erau angajaţi la Fabricade sticlă de la Pădurea ...Neagrăşi la Exploatarea MinierăVoivozi; nivelul de trai era ridicat şi zona era una atractivă. Înlăturarea comunismului din România a determinat schimbări profunde în toate domeniile. Meseriile de sticlar şi miner dispar din peisajul local. Schimbările pe plan economic antrenează într-o mare măsură schimbări semnificative în privinţa populaţiei: regres, migraţie, sărăcie. O astfel de cercetare, la graniţa dintre istorie, sociologie, statistică şi demografie istorică, are rolul de a contribui la o cunoaştere cât mai adâncă şi exactă a realităţilor locale în vederea găsirii unor soluţii pentru redresarea economică a zonei. HISTORY, ECONOMY AND DEMOGRAPHICS IN POST-COMMUNIST ROMANIA. CASE STUDY: THE VILLAGES ON THE UPPER BISTRA VALLEY (BIHOR COUNTY, ROMANIA)TheUpperBistraValleyis located in the North-Western part ofRomania, in the Northern half ofBihorCounty. In 1989 almost all the labour force was employed by the PadureaNeagra Glass Factory and the Voivozi Mining Exploitation. The fall of communism inRomaniabrought about a major change of the whole society; standard of living was high and the area was attractive. Mining and glass working disappeared. The economic restructuring and the closure of factories influenced the evolution of the population: demographic regress, migration, poverty. Such a research at the border between history, sociology, statistics and historical demography has the role of contributing to a deep and accurate knowledge on local realities with a view to find solutions for the economic revival of the area.
Projekt Ekomuzej Bistra zamišljen je kao integrirani projekt kojemu je svrha da na temelju ekomuzejskih postulata omogući održivo i participativno upravljanje cjelokupnom baštinom bistranskog kraja ...te da ujedno potakne razvoj kulturnih i turističkih sadržaja na području sjeverozapadnog dijela Zagrebačke županije, duž obronaka Medvednice – od sljemenskog vrha do lijeve obale rijeke Krapine na zapadu. Općina Bistra je 2014. uvrstila projekt Ekomuzeja Bistra u strateške razvojne projekte Općine Bistra te u Bazu projekata Zagrebačke županije, a 2016., na inicijativu dr. sc. Klementine Batine, osnovana je udruga Ekomuzej Bistra s ciljem zaštite, istraživanja i prezentiranja cjelokupne baštine Bistre radi održavanja kontinuiteta lokalnog identiteta te podizanja kvalitete života i održivog razvoja lokalne zajednice
Monumentul este realizat din piatră și bucăți de piatră prinse cu ciment. Este alcătuit dintr-o bază, în două trepte, și un obelisc format din trei trepte. Pe partea superioară, încheiată cu ...reprezentarea unei piramide de dimensiuni mici, este fixată o cruce. Separarea între treptele de mijloc și superioară ale obeliscului s-a realizat printr-o cornișă de dimensiuni reduse. Pe toate cele trei trepte (nivele) ale obeliscului sunt incizate nume de eroi. Pe treapta de mijloc numele de eroi sunt dispuse pe două rânduri și sunt despărțite printr-o linie incizată. Întreaga compoziție se caracterizează prin simplitate. Înălțime (h) monument: 2,97m.
Mențiuni despre monument: Stare bună de conservare.
Inscripții pe monument: „SCUMPILOR NOȘTRI EROI DIN DEDA-BISTRA GĂLĂOAIA 1914-1919” NUME DE EROI (36)
The monument is made of stone and stone pieces caught with cement. It consists of a base, two steps, and an obelisk consisting of three steps. On the top, ended with the representation of a small pyramid, a cross is fixed. The separation between the middle and upper steps of the obelisk was achieved by a small cornice. On all three steps (levels) of the obelisk are incised names of heroes. On the middle step the names of heroes are arranged on two rows and are separated by an incised line. The whole composition is characterized by simplicity. Height (h) monument: 2.97m.
Mentions about the monument: Good state of conservation.
Monumentul este realizat din piatră și bucăți de piatră prinse cu ciment. Este alcătuit dintr-o bază, în două trepte, și un obelisc format din trei trepte. Pe partea superioară, încheiată cu reprezentarea unei piramide de dimensiuni mici, este fixată o cruce. Separarea între treptele de mijloc și superioară ale obeliscului s-a realizat printr-o cornișă de dimensiuni reduse. Pe toate cele trei trepte (nivele) ale obeliscului sunt incizate nume de eroi. Pe treapta de mijloc numele de eroi sunt dispuse pe două rânduri și sunt despărțite printr-o linie incizată. Întreaga compoziție se caracterizează prin simplitate. Înălțime (h) monument: 2,97m.
Mențiuni despre monument: Stare bună de conservare.
Inscripții pe monument: „SCUMPILOR NOȘTRI EROI DIN DEDA-BISTRA GĂLĂOAIA 1914-1919” NUME DE EROI (36)
Scarce basin remnants of Cretaceous synorogenic sediments exposed in the Medvednica, Ivanščica, Žumberak Mts. and Samobor Hills of northern Croatia record the early orogenic history of the NW ...Dinarides. The provenance of sandstones from five clastic formations (Oštrc, Bistra, Kravljak, Vivodina and Glog) which cover a time span from Early to late Late Cretaceous was studied by combining petrography, whole-rock geochemistry, heavy mineral chemistry and detrital zircon fission track dating. These sediments record at least two major regional thermotectonic events which correlate well with those affecting both the Alps and the Tisza-Dacia unit to the north and east, and the central Dinaride region to the south. Short zircon fission track lag times in Barremian to Albian sediments indicate that continental fragments of the distal Adria plate margin underwent relatively fast, synsedimentary exhumation in the Early Cretaceous. Moreover, a clear dominance of Campanian zircon cooling ages (80–73 Ma) in Maastrichtian sandstones indicates detritus deriving from the erosion of newly and rapidly exhumed basement units which had undergone Late Cretaceous metamorphism in the Eastern Alps and/or the Tisza-Dacia region. Probably, the rapid Maastrichtian erosion generating metamorphic detritus occurred to a great extent on neighbouring Austroalpine basement units, and/or on the upper plate Tisza-Dacia unit during the subduction stage or the initial stages of the continent–continent collision with Adria. Development of the accretionary wedge probably resulted in a renewed availability of ophiolites for erosion within small and/or dynamically changing catchments, which can be deduced from the notable differences in reconstructed source lithologies for the coeval Glog and Vivodina formations. Combined evidence from sedimentary provenance indicators precludes the Dinaride (Adriatic) basement as a significant source for the Maastrichtian sediments.
Sixty-one species taxa of land gastropods are known for Mavrovo National Park, and 34% of them are species taxa of high conservation value. Considering the unsystematic surveys in the area, it can be ...assumed that in the future the number of species taxa will significantly increase. The status of Mavrovo as a national park under high protection, and there are no immediate threats to the malacofauna. Potential problems for invertebrate communities, including snails, would be big destructive changes in their habitats and especially the presence of hydropower projects and stone quarries. The protection of the species habitats from human activity and different types of modification is the best protection measures for the mollusk fauna in Mavrovo National Park.