Berrogeita hamar urte baino gutxiagoko espedienteak kontsultatzea galarazten duen artxibo-politikaren ondorioz, ikertzaileek ez dituzte eskuragarri eduki polizia-dokumentuak. Eskuragarri jartzen hasi ...diren iturrietako bat Brigada Politiko Sozialaren Informazio Buletina da. Artikulu honetan, iturri horrek jakintza historikorako duen balioari buruzko gogoeta egiten da, eta 1961eko buletin baten zati bat dago erantsita. Baliteke Espainiako poliziak ETA aipatu zuen lehen aldia izatea
Police documents have not been available to researchers due to an archivist policy that prevents the consultation of fles that are less than ffty years old. One of the sources that is beginning to become available is the Information Bulletin of the Political-Social Brigade. This article refects on the validity of this source for his- torical knowledge and part of a bulletin from 1961 is attached. It is probably the frst time the Spanish police mentions ETA
Los documentos policiales no han estado a disposición de los investigadores por una política archivística que impide consultar expedientes que tengan una anti- güedad inferior a los cincuenta años. Una de las fuentes que está empezando a estar disponible es el Boletín de Información de la Brigada Político-Social. En este artículo se refexiona sobre la validez de esta fuente para el conocimiento his- tórico y se adjunta parte de un boletín del año 1961. Es probablemente la primera vez que la policía española menciona a ETA.
This paper examines and analyses the various instances where 'performances' of cultural violence by the state and Fifth Brigade were experienced during Gukurahundi in Matabeleland. This paper ...contends that cultural violence was used to stereotype Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) veterans, as well as Ndebele people. Cultural violence is used here to refer to the purposeful weakening and ultimate destruction of cultural values and practices of the Ndebele people. This paper argues that ZANU-PF created an anti-Ndebele thought collective through the use of emotive language, stylized news in media, and 'expert opinions' to block the creation of accurate contextual knowledge for the Shona nonlocals and ZANU-PF members. This paper further submits that this thought collective sits at the base of the disposition, segregation, dehumanization, near annihilation and framing of ZAPU, ex-ZIPRA veterans and the Ndebele people as 'dissidents' and 'cockroaches', infecting Ndebele language, identity and cultural practices. This paper, thus, argues that the deployment of cultural violence created a fertile ground for direct and structural violence that further undermined ZAPU, ZIPRA and Ndebele resistance against Gukurahundi. In conclusion, this paper proposes public multi-cultural remembrances and cultural cleansing ceremonies (nationally and communally) as possible solutions to diffusing the continuous perpetration of cultures of violence in Zimbabwe.
Aiming at the uncertainty problem in the current evaluation of synthetic brigade equipment maintenance support capability, a cloud model-based evaluation method for synthetic brigade equipment ...support capability is constructed. Based on five aspects of command and control, maintenance preparation, establishment of field emergency repair institutions, equipment rescue and equipment emergency repair, the evaluation index system of synthetic brigade equipment maintenance support capability is constructed. The combination of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method is used to determine the weights of evaluation indicators, avoiding the one-sidedness of weight calculation. By establishing evaluation standard cloud, evaluation index cloud and calculating comprehensive evaluation cloud, the evaluation level is determined, and the feasibility of the evaluation method is verified by an example, and the effective evaluation of the maintenance support capability of synthetic brigade equipment is realiz
This article looks at the involvement of the Brigade nationale de police judiciaire (BNPJ) in the judicial management of the Moroccan "Hirak" social movement. This protest movement developed in ...Morocco's Rif region, following the death of a fishmonger crushed by garbage truck compactor while trying to recover his fish goods confiscated by the authorities. The nascent movement denounced the socio-economic and political marginalization of the region and called for far-reaching reforms for the Rif's development. Accused of "undermining state security", the arrested activists, considered to be the movement's leaders, were sentenced to between 5 and 20 years in prison. Based on interviews with pardoned ex-detainees and lawyers, analysis of court documents, reports by the Equity and Reconciliation Commission (IER), and a press review of all media appearances by BNPJ directors, this article examines how this brigade repressed political dissent. As well as its strategy for fulfilling its principal mission of preserving internal security and maintaining political order, a mission it has been fulfilling since its creation. The political change initiated in Morocco by the consensual alternation of power and the establishment of the Equity and Reconciliation Commission (IER) has forced this brigade to reinvent itself. A look at the historical development of this brigade from the late 1990s to the present day shows how it has broadened its scope of intervention, moving from a brigade dealing only with cases linked to state security, mainly dealing with the files of left-wing political opponents, to a brigade including cases of national scope and falling within the scope of the fight against organized crime (terrorism, drug trafficking, etc.). This rearrangement in its structure and operation has enabled the brigade to professionalize its treatment of political cases, orienting its repressive strategy towards the collection of evidence leading to the criminalization of the protest movement. By describing the arrest and interrogation practices of Hirak activists, this article shows how the BNPJ has abandoned the old methods of enforced disappearance, torture and arbitrary detention, to make the law its weapon of repression. The argument I defend consists in showing how the BNPJ has changed its methods and strategy of repression, from a brigade whose mission was to dismantle clandestine left-wing political organizations through torture and secret detention, with the sole aim of gathering information leading to the location and tracking down of political activists in order to make them disappear, to a Brigade whose strategy of repression involved judicial action, conducting interrogations and drawing up reports aimed at collecting legal evidence that could be used during trials. My presentation is divided into four parts. The first shows how the BNPJ has evolved from a police force specializing solely in state security matters to a brigade with a much broader scope of intervention. The second undertakes to describe how the arrest practices of this brigade correspond to a "confrontational" style of intervention, characterized by the foregrounding of police authority and the use of force ( Maillard and Zagrodzi; 2017). The third part describes the types of practices deployed by this brigade during an interrogation aimed at obtaining a confession. The final section shows how the BNPJ collects incriminating facts in a targeted way, through the creation of PVs, to produce a coherent judicial history.
In this paper, research on the relationship between forest fires and meteorology is carried out using simple meteorological variables (temperature, wind, and precipitation) from a few well-selected ...Greek meteorological stations. The 5 years (1998, 2000, 2007, 2012, and 2021) which recorded burnt areas for more than the 25-year average (37,000 ha) had as a common characteristic, on the one hand, a much drier than usual two-month period (July–August) following a winter period with a shortage of rainfall, and on the other hand a number of days with very high temperatures higher than the average of the last 25 years. The latter implies that average temperatures in all three summer months were at least 1 °C above their normal value. In the years following, the burnt areas were below their average regardless of the precipitation and summer temperature patterns. However, when precipitation during the two-month period (July–August) was two or more times more than normal, fire seasons had, at most, one-third of the 25-year average of burned areas, regardless of the precipitation of the winter periods preceding and summer temperatures in those years. This is very important as already in the early days of each fire season it will be possible to make an estimation of its outcome and to prepare more appropriately when the accuracy of the long-term seasonal forecast of temperature and rainfall anomalies is improved.
The purpose of this article: analysis of the activities of the personnel of the fire department of Leningrad, authorities to protect the population and the city from fires.Tasks: to adequately ...evaluate, on the basis of archival and other sources, the courage and heroism of the fighters and fire brigade commanders, the population of the city, the organizational activities of the governing bodies during the blockade.Conclusions: the courage and heroism of the defenders of the besieged city are a unique phenomenon in the history of mankind. There is still much to be done to recreate the full picture of the unparalleled struggle of Leningrad residents in the battle for the city on the Neva
Objectives The purpose of the study was to analyze past cyber attacks on fire department operational systems and to assess the risks of a cyber incident. Material and methods Analysis of data from ...open sources and bicriteria analysis of studies in scientific databases were used. A graphical method for assessing the level of risk using a two-dimensional matrix was also used. Results The highest risk level of 15 was recorded for phishing attacks in Confidentiality and Availability of data, followed by ransomware attacks in the same area. In the area of drone events in firefighting operations, the highest risk level of 6 was recorded for GPS Spoofing attacks during a mass event in terms of data availability (Availability). Conclusions To date, fire department cyber incidents have not affected business continuity. However, in the event of a mass or hybrid incident, the occurrence of an incident in operational systems, can significantly reduce operational capacity and thus affect life-saving operations.
Abstract
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production systems are an effective way to respond to ever‐changing market demand. This article focuses on maximizing the throughput of rotating
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with nonpreemptive stations, where ...a worker's operations cannot be disrupted. We analyze the effects of unbalanced worker velocities on non‐value‐added idle times. Through the use of dynamical system theories, we explicate the mechanism and dynamics of rotating
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, and identify the rules used to coordinate workers and distribute work content among stations to achieve the highest throughput. These findings provide practical guidelines for managers in floor shops for optimizing rotating
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design and maximizing throughput. Additionally, we explore the chaotic characteristics of rotating
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and simulate the effect of various factors on throughput. Finally, our comparative analysis demonstrates that the rotating
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offers a viable alternative to existing production systems to adapt to fluctuating demand.
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