The article deals with such aspects ofmilitary everyday life ofthe 50th and 51sttank brigades duringthe Great Patriotic War as problems of nutrition, clothing allowance, sanitary and hygienic ...conditions and housing. The source base of the study was the documents of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, methodological manuals, as well as memories of veterans. The conclusion about the importance of solving these issues in a comfortable, as far as possible, arrangement of life for tank soldiers is formulated.
Despite the discipline having undergone a 'peace turn' in recent years, the history of the peace movement itself remains curiously under explored by geographers. This paper retraces the World Peace ...Brigade and its collaboration with the Northern Rhodesian independence movement in 1962. I argue that the Brigade offers geographers important insights into how ideas of peace have been circulated, adapted and even resisted. The paper suggests that geography poses a distinct conceptual problem for peace movements, which must simultaneously operate beyond conventional forms of territorial politics while remaining sufficiently flexible in the political arena for their strength and relevance. In Central Africa this meant the Brigade developed two, ultimately incompatible, conceptions of peace: an internationalist one that stressed world community, and a local one that adapted pacifism for nationalist movements. I suggest this case study has two implications for peace research in geography. First, it encourages us to remain attentive to the big stories of peace and, specifically, the way in which the peace movement has been a historically important conduit for a range of internationalist ideas. Second, the histories of waging peace (peace armies, civil disobedience, etc.) allow us to critically interrogate the co-constitutive geographies of violence and nonviolence while retaining peace as a distinct category around which to promote political engagement.
The purpose of the work is to study the impact of migration processes on industrial development and the increase in the labor force was mainly due to migration from the RSFSR and deported Crimean ...Tatars. Migration processes caused by political and economic factors in the conditions of deportation caused a change in the boundaries of resettlement, socio-demographic structure, level of education, and ethnic self-awareness of the Crimean Tatar people. Based on archival materials and documents, field research and interviews, and questionnaires of people of the older generation, the history of labor activity of deported Crimean Tatars in the Uzbek SSR in the 1960s-1980s has been reconstructed. The level of urbanization of emigration, contribution to economic development, labor achievements of Crimean Tatar workers and engineers of industrial enterprises, construction, and agriculture of the republic are considered. The results can become the basis for finding new ways to raise the economy at the expense of migrants.
Analysis of the Fire Brigade's database of fires in London between 2009 and 2020 provided insight into the level of fire safety in the city and how it varies across different types of dwellings and ...different levels of protection. Regarding the number of fires, fatalities, and injuries, fire safety in London has significantly improved on average over these years. However, average trends cannot analyze catastrophic fires with multiple fatalities, like at Grenfell Tower in 2017, as these events are too rare to form a suitable sample size. Dwelling fires are the most lethal in London: despite accounting for only 28% of fires, they lead to 87% of fatalities and 83% of injuries. The odds of a dwelling fire becoming fatal in London fell from 1 in 174 in 2009 to 1 in 208 in 2019, a decrease of 16%. The total number of fires has decreased over this period, and the number of fires where an alarm was raised has increased, suggesting that the prevention and detection layers of fire safety have improved, while our analysis suggests that the level of protection from the compartmentation and evacuation layers has remained constant over time. An analysis of the different layers of fire protection suggests that compartmentation was the most impactful layer, with a failure in compartmentation increasing the odds of a fire being fatal by 1.5 to 5 times. Overall, this analysis shows that the fire hazard to Londoners in general is low and the lowest since 2009; however, there is still a threat that should not be understated.
Working together Poteete, Amy R; Janssen, Marco A; Ostrom, Elinor
2010., 20100412, 2010, 2010-04-12, 20100101
eBook
Advances in the social sciences have emerged through a variety of research methods: field-based research, laboratory and field experiments, and agent-based models. However, which research method or ...approach is best suited to a particular inquiry is frequently debated and discussed.Working Togetherexamines how different methods have promoted various theoretical developments related to collective action and the commons, and demonstrates the importance of cross-fertilization involving multimethod research across traditional boundaries. The authors look at why cross-fertilization is difficult to achieve, and they show ways to overcome these challenges through collaboration.
The authors provide numerous examples of collaborative, multimethod research related to collective action and the commons. They examine the pros and cons of case studies, meta-analyses, large-N field research, experiments and modeling, and empirically grounded agent-based models, and they consider how these methods contribute to research on collective action for the management of natural resources. Using their findings, the authors outline a revised theory of collective action that includes three elements: individual decision making, microsituational conditions, and features of the broader social-ecological context.
Acknowledging the academic incentives that influence and constrain how research is conducted,Working Togetherreworks the theory of collective action and offers practical solutions for researchers and students across a spectrum of disciplines.
An established view on the issue of Swedish volunteers participating in the Finnish civil war in 1918 has been that they mostly distanced themselves from the fierce level of violence of the conflict. ...Later research has contested this view and instead suggests that the Swedes involved in general took part in the executions and cleansing actions going on during the civil war and its aftermath. In the memories and testimonies of the Swedish volunteers there is a conspicuous contrast between the lofty ideals and emotional expressions of pride and idealism and the emotions, or lack of emotions, towards the enemy and in the handling of prisoners of war in general. This article focuses on how the Swedes related emotionally to the higher goals of their contribution and the general degree of violence in the conflict.This angle can shed some light not only on how the notions of Grand Swedishness developed but also on the issue of how emotional numbness and distancing in dealing with victims and enemies develops in a war situation. The result of the study is that processes of legitimization made it possible to keep an emotional distance towards the defeated party in the conflict, and that the view that the Reds were the moral losers in an unjust war made this possible. However, while the legitimacy of this stance svenskar i österled 1918 · 225 was a matter of course in Finland, in 1918 dominated by the White army, the interaction with Swedish society was more complicated. Hence there is a more noticeable tendency towards arguing one’s case in the Swedish volunteer testimonies and narratives as compared to the dominant white narrative in Finland; this points to the possibilities of further analysis.
This article is devoted to the first conservatory creation of the Muslim East, which was opened in the city of Baku on August 26, 1921. In itself, this remarkable fact testifies to the difficulties ...that arose on the way to creating this Higher Musical Educational Institution in Baku. The article consistently highlights the most important facts related to the opening and activities of the conservatory. It is important to emphasize that despite all the difficulties that arise along the way, Uz. Hajibeyli and his associates persistently went to their cherished dream – the creation of the first conservatory in Baku. The purpose of the research is to identify the conditions in which the first conservatory of the Muslim East was created. Uz. Hajibeyli took years of consistent work to create that strong foundation on which the building of the conservatory was erected, now BMA named after. Uz. Hajibeyli. Note that August 26, 2021, marks the 100th anniversary of the first conservatory in Azerbaijan founding. The research methodology is based on genuine historical facts with which the activities of Uzeyir Hajibeyli were associated in the process of creating the conservatory. The scientific novelty of the research is associated with some facts of Uz. Hajibeyli’s life, which were not mentioned at all in Soviet times. All these facts, one way or another, come out of the time of the existence of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. The ADR national anthem was written by Uz. Hajibeyli. It is also the anthem of modern Azerbaijan. Conclusions. The approaching centenary anniversary of the first conservatory in Azerbaijan allows not only to evaluate the path it has travelled but also to pay tribute to its creator, Uzeyirbek Hajibeyli, the founder of Azerbaijani professional music, a great visionary who consistently leads Azerbaijani music along the path of progress and conquest of heights in composing, performing and educational processes in the republic.
This paper proposed two models of data warehouse schema for the fire department of DKI Jakarta, where the 1st model contains six tables consisting of 3 fact and 3-dimensional tables, and the 2nd ...model only contains three fact tables. The 2nd model denormalises the 1st model, where the number of tables is less than the 1st model, where at the end of the day, the 2nd model will reduce the join table process, which increases the SQL performances. These two models have been recognised as fact constellation schema with more than one fact table and sharing dimension and sub-dimension tables. The database resources were collected from http://data.jakarta.go.id under the Fire and Rescue Service Agency. Those two data warehouse schema models were developed based on a report sector list, a report on Hydrants list, and vehicle register reports. This paper proposes to support Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) research, particularly implementing the data warehouse concept.
Bucket brigades are notably used to coordinate workers in production systems. We study a J‐station, I‐worker bucket brigade system. The time duration for each worker to serve a job at a station is ...exponentially distributed with a rate that depends on the station's expected work content and the worker's work speed. Our goal is to maximize the system's productivity or to minimize its inter‐completion time variability. We analytically derive the throughput and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the inter‐completion time. We study the system under two cases. (i) If the work speeds depend only on the workers, the throughput gap between the stochastic and the deterministic systems can be up to
47
%
when the number of stations is small. Either maximizing the throughput or minimizing the CV of the inter‐completion time, the slowest‐to‐fastest worker sequence always outperforms the reverse sequence for the stochastic bucket brigade. To maximize the throughput, more work content should be assigned to the stations near the faster workers. In contrast, to minimize the CV of the inter‐completion time, more work content should be allocated to the stations near the slower workers. (ii) If the work speeds depend on the workers and the stations such that the workers may not dominate each other at every station, the asymptotic throughput can be expressed as a function of the average work speeds and the asymptotic expected blocked times of the workers, and can be interpreted as the sum of the effective production rates of all the workers.
Since there are no legally defined testing requirements for mobile positive pressure fans, they may be tested based on methods that do not correspond to their actual operating conditions. Adequate ...assessment of the technical and operating conditions for this type of equipment is particularly important for equipment used in rescue operations. Such units should be characterized by efficient and reliable operation. This article investigates the influence of measurement methods of the volumetric airflow rate on the performance of a power unit. The article shows that the applied measurement method, whether it is PN-EN ISO 5801 (test conditions in a pipe duct—Method A) or other methods, i.e., ANSI/AMCA 240-15 and testing of the characteristics of the velocity profile (tests in open flow—Method B), can cause differences in the power demand of fans of from 3.2% to 4.5%. The differences in the requirements of propulsion power translate into fuel consumption and emissions of harmful exhaust gases generated by the combustion drive units (4 kW). It was also observed that fans with conventional impellers (W1) show a lower power demand when applying Method B (open flow) tests, while fans with turbo impellers (W2) show a lower power demand when Method A (duct) tests are applied. Comparative analysis of the parameters of the drive unit in the test group of fans without taking into account the measurement method can cause errors of up to about 7.7%, 6.4%, and 2.4% for the power, torque, and speed, respectively.
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