Since there are no legally defined testing requirements for mobile positive pressure fans, they may be tested based on methods that do not correspond to their actual operating conditions. Adequate ...assessment of the technical and operating conditions for this type of equipment is particularly important for equipment used in rescue operations. Such units should be characterized by efficient and reliable operation. This article investigates the influence of measurement methods of the volumetric airflow rate on the performance of a power unit. The article shows that the applied measurement method, whether it is PN-EN ISO 5801 (test conditions in a pipe duct—Method A) or other methods, i.e., ANSI/AMCA 240-15 and testing of the characteristics of the velocity profile (tests in open flow—Method B), can cause differences in the power demand of fans of from 3.2% to 4.5%. The differences in the requirements of propulsion power translate into fuel consumption and emissions of harmful exhaust gases generated by the combustion drive units (4 kW). It was also observed that fans with conventional impellers (W1) show a lower power demand when applying Method B (open flow) tests, while fans with turbo impellers (W2) show a lower power demand when Method A (duct) tests are applied. Comparative analysis of the parameters of the drive unit in the test group of fans without taking into account the measurement method can cause errors of up to about 7.7%, 6.4%, and 2.4% for the power, torque, and speed, respectively.
The article proposes the partial methodology for assessing the methodological training level of classes’ leaders during conducting the combat coordination of an artillery brigade, as part of a ...comprehensive methodology for assessing the effectiveness of combat coordination of an artillery brigade, which allows to take into account the influence of classes’ leaders on the quality of combat coordination activities. Using the proposed methodology allows training subjects to conduct a quantitative assessment of methodological training level of classes’ leaders, as well as to identify “weaknesses” in the organization and conduct of combat coordination activities by them. In this methodology, indicators which characterize the level of classes’ leaders, their experience in organizing and conducting their classes and the presence of advanced training courses in them are used.
Sicherheitsrelevante Falschinformationen in den sozialen Medien stellen Behörden und Organisationen mit Sicherheitsaufgaben (BOS) zunehmend vor Herausforderungen. Auf Grundlage von zehn ...Expert:inneninterviews mit Vertreter:innen deutscher BOS, ergänzt durch Erkenntnisse aus der Literatur, untersucht die vorliegende explorative Studie die Erfahrungen und damit zusammenhängenden Herausforderungen deutscher BOS mit Falschinformationen. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass viele BOS-Vertreter:innen Falschinformationen mit (als unzutreffend empfundener) Kritik an der eigenen Institution verbinden. Einige BOS begegnen hauptsächlich Gerüchten und Spekulationen (Misinformation) einer verunsicherten Bevölkerung. Intendierte, politische Desinformation betrifft hauptsächlich BOS in Großstädten und auf Bundesebene. Dazu gehören gegen die Polizei gerichtete sowie rassistische Desinformationskampagnen und ideologisch motivierte Desinformation im Zusammenhang mit Covid-19. Bei möglichen Reaktionen auf Falschinformationen stehen BOS in einem Spannungsfeld zwischen dem Schutz der demokratischen Öffentlichkeit vor Falschinformationen sowie Meinungsfreiheit und Datenschutz. Alle BOS begegnen zudem Herausforderungen wie einem geringen behördeninternen Problembewusstsein, Ressourcenmangel, psychischen Belastungen, Abstimmungs- und Zuständigkeitsproblemen. Hier anzusetzen, könnte BOS im Kampf gegen Falschinformationen stärken.
The article analyzes the history of the creation and development from the founding in 1973 to the present day of the School Museum of Military Glory of the 75th Guards Brigade, located in the ...Secondary School of the city of Omsk No. 41. The research was carried out on the basis of museum materials and documents of the veteran organization of the military unit, stored in the Historical archive of the Omsk Region. An assessment of the experience and social significance of the patriotic work carried out in the museum is given. Particular attention is paid to the comparative historical study of the forms of work on the patriotic education of youth in the Soviet and modern Russian periods of national history. In conclusion, recommendations are given for improving the work of the museum.
•An integrated framework is developed for fire probabilistic risk assessment (PRA).•The new multi-level Fire PRA methodology reduces excessive conservatism.•Fire dynamics simulator (FDS) is made ...probabilistic by uncertainty quantification.•Fire-induced failure mechanisms are probabilistically integrated with classical PRA.•A method for modeling interactions between FDS and fire brigade response is created.
In this research, an Integrated probabilistic risk assessment (I-PRA) methodological framework for Fire PRA is developed to provide a unified multi-level probabilistic integration, beginning with spatio-temporal simulation-based models of underlying failure mechanisms (i.e., physical phenomena and human actions), connecting to component-level failures, and then linking to system-level risk scenarios in classical PRA. The simulation-based module, called the fire simulation module (FSM), includes state-of-the-art models of fire initiation, fire progression, post-fire failure damage propagation, fire brigade response, and scenario-based damage. Fire progression is simulated using a CFD code, fire dynamics simulator (FDS), which solves Navier–Stokes equations governing the turbulent flow field. Uncertainty quantification is conducted to address parameter uncertainties. The I-PRA paves the way for reducing excessive conservatisms derived from the modeling of (i) fire progression and damage and (ii) the interactions between fire progression and manual suppression. Global importance measure analysis is used to rank the risk-contributing factors. A case study demonstrates the implementation of I-PRA for a regulatory-documented fire scenario.
This study shows how Irish Catholic temperance groups challenged nativist stereotypes towards Irish immigrants. Irish Americans used abstinence to achieve a respectable reputation among native-born ...Americans in the Civil War era. By linking Civil War service with the temperance efforts of Irishmen who fought for the Union Army, prominent members of the ethnic group demonstrated that Irish Americans were respectable and virtuous citizens of the United States throughout the Civil War era.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Seventy-six years after its establishment, the United Nations (UN) today stands at a critical juncture where it must undertake radical reforms to remain relevant in the changing face of the ...twenty-first century. Such reforms are essential to prevent the UN from becoming redundant and being pushed to the sidelines of great power politics in the emerging multipolar world. While there has been much political clamour among the international community calling for the restructuring of the UN Security Council, which is also in the interest of India, an appraisal of the UN’s military capability to intervene in Contemporary Armed Conflicts under Chapter VII of its Charter needs to be assessed. The absence of a standing reserve and the procedural complexities involved in deriving the manpower for peacekeeping operations from the member states have undermined the UN’s capability to swiftly intervene in an escalating armed conflict even after getting approval from the Security Council. At present, a plethora of factors have resulted in the increasing volatility of contemporary armed conflicts. Under these circumstances, the UN’s capacity for swift intervention after the outbreak of a conflict has become even more relevant today than in the past. The creation of a UN Vanguard Brigade based on the recommendations given by the 2015 High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations is a major step in that direction. Using a case analysis of the Rwandan genocide, this article critically examines the challenges of the vanguard brigade to optimise the UN’s capability for rapid deployment of peacekeepers for swift intervention in an escalating Armed Conflict. The article is largely descriptive and analytical, using predominantly secondary sources and UN documents.
The liberation struggle for Zimbabwe culminated in the attainment of independence from the autocratic rule of minority white settlers on 18 April 1980. Peace prevailed only for a short period after ...independence, followed by a harrowing genocide which affected the Matabeleland and Midlands regions. Much attention has been given to the role of the Fifth Brigade during this genocide. Thus, an emphasis on the actions of the Fifth Brigade soldiers leads us to negate all violence that took place during the period. Therefore, this article seeks to explore the role of the police as partners in crime with the Fifth Brigade during the Gukurahundi genocide. Further, the article raises questions of state opacity and how this was used by the police to eliminate the so-called enemies of the independent state. It draws from interviews conducted with the people of Bulilimamangwe, ex-Zimbabwe People’s Revolutionary Army cadres and ex-policemen who served during the period and other documentary evidence to engage with the role of the police during the genocide.
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