Aleksander Petrino (1824-99) was the only Austrian government minister who came from its eastern-most 'crown-land', the Bukovina - the only one without a clear-cut ethnic majority. Ukrainians were ...the biggest group but were massively under-represented among the elites. A sizeable part of the leadership of the Rumanians consisted of Phanariot Greeks, such as Petrino. Austrian politics in the opening phase of constitutionalism during the 1860s was characterized by a cleavage between centralist German Liberals and federalist and Catholic Slavs. Bukovina representatives did not easily fit into either category. Petrino, who also worked assiduously as a lobbyist for railroad companies, initially sided with the German Liberals, then organized a gathering of minorities from different parts of the Austrian half of the Empire, including Italians and Slovenes. It was the decision of this squadrone volante to join the Czech and Polish boycott of the Vienna Parliament in March 1870 that persuaded the Emperor to finally dismiss the German Liberal Bürgerministerium ('Citizens' Ministry').
The article is based on dialectal material, collected from Bukovinian highlanders according to the guidelines published in the All-Carpathian Dialect Atlas, in which a considerable role is played by ...Ukrainian vocabulary. The latter has been divided into two groups: 1) natively Ukrainian words; and 2) words that are borrowings in Ukrainian, and that have become part of the Bukovinian highlanders’ lexicon presumably via Ukrainian. Noteworthy in the first group (Ukrainian borrowings) are the words commonly used in all six studied villages. The Ukrainian lexemes used in four or five of the villages either: a)while having a Slavic origin, are also known in Romanian; or b) are words of Proto-Slavic origin. Finally, borrowings appearing in one, two or three villages can probably be explained by the influence of the state language on the dispersed highlander population. In the second group of borrowings, i.e., farther borrowings in Ukrainian, the most frequent of subgroups are Hungarian borrowings into Romanian and Ukrainian. Another subgroup are Latin borrowings, which must have been passed to Ukrainian through Romanian, as well as direct or indirect borrowings from Turkish. The material also features borrowings from Romanian, German via Polish, and French. Ukrainian borrowings in the Polish dialect of Bukovinian highlanders are a difficult interpretational and classificatory problem. The question of whether the highlanders borrowed these words from Ukrainian or Romanian cannot be answered unambiguously, especially since between 1918 and 1944 Bukovina was a part of Romania and Romanian was the language of education, official communication etc. Similarly, we do not know if the words originating from Romanian have been borrowed directly from this language or via Ukrainian. The same can be applied to Hungarian and German. The presented material can thus only be treated as one part of the vocabulary of the Bukovinian highlanders’ dialect.
The COVID-19 outbreak which pushed the public actors to seek out customized solutions adjusted for local development. The present paper investigates the role played by the public administration in ...rebuilding and supporting the tourist sector in Bukovina which has been severely affected by the restrictions imposed by pandemic. The study used a mixed research method: quantitative analysis (applied questionnaires) and qualitative research (interviews). Although the local administration has a limited jurisdiction of the te rritorial-administrative units, the current sanitary crisis along with the economic one have started to affect territories and populations more and more extended, which pushed the public actors to seek out customized solutions adjusted for local development. The results show that the types of governance applied by the county and local administration will have a decisive impact upon the recovery of the tourism sector.
The subject of the borderland, especially in the post-war years, is one of the key problems faced by the political elite. National minorities on both sides of the border are an additional difficulty ...in resolving possible issues. A problem of great political importance after the First World War was the nationality of Eastern Galicia and Bukovina – territories historically belonging to Poland and Romania. An attempt to discuss this issue has been made in this article.
Keywords: border, state, Galicia, Bukovina, Chernivtsi.
Abstract
The first Conference for the Yiddish Language of 1908 was a highly significant event in the history of Yiddish language and culture, which became known in the literature as the Czernowitz ...Language Conference Yidd. „di konferents far der yidisher shprakh“. This conference was held in the city of Czernowitz from August 30 to September 3 and united prominent representatives of the worldwide Yiddish movement and, thus, triggered a significant impulse to the development of an energetic Yiddish-speaking constellation. The conference manifested awareness of the importance of Yiddish language and culture as a breeding ground for the survival of traditional “(Eastern) Jewish” values. Within this framework the debates regarding the cultivation of the Yiddish language have been intensified through reflective and resolute actions with the aim of releasing it from the stigma of jargon.
Background. In Bukovina, depending on climatic and geographical zones, there is a mild and moderate degree of iodine deficiency. Assessment of urinary inorganic iodine excretion allows monitoring of ...the epidemiological situation regarding the severity of iodine deficiency in the region. The purpose was to assess the indicators of ioduria in prepubertal children living in the Northern Bukovina (Chernivtsi region). Materials and methods. As part of a 20-cluster analysis of the prevalence of goiter among the pediatric population of Chernivtsi region, 1,973 children aged 7 to 12 years were examined and the concentration of inorganic iodine in a single portion of urine was determined in 197 children. The obtained results were processed by the method of statistical variation and correlation analysis. Results. Manual palpation examination showed a significant incidence of goiter among children in Bukovina — 17.6 %. Thyromegaly among children of the reference group occurred in 15.1 % of cases. The median ioduria in the examined population is generally 60.4 μg/l. The average prevalence of iodine deficiency was 59.70 ± 1.82 %, the incidence of severe iodine deficiency did not exceed 5.22 ± 1.30 %. Analyzing the degree of iodine supply of children depending on the geographical areas of residence, we conclude that children living in the plains and children from Chernivtsi have mild iodine deficiency (median ioduria is 72.2 and 70.4 μg/l, respectively), and children from mountainous areas — moderate iodine deficiency (median ioduria is 42.9 μg/l). The average prevalence of iodine deficiency was 59.70 ± 1.82 %, and excessive iodine in the urine — 18.70 ± 2.49 %. Moreover, the incidence of severe iodine deficiency did not exceed 5.22 ± 1.30 %. Conclusions. In most children living in Northern Bukovina, the median ioduria is reduced. In 18.7 % of children, the iodine content is more than 300 μg/l, which requires further monitoring.
Der Aufsatz untersucht den Zusammenhang von Raum, Umwelt und Krieg am Beispiel der wiederholten Besetzungen (Ost-)Galiziens durch russische Truppen im Ersten Weltkrieg. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist ...dabei das spannungsvolle Verhältnis zwischen den Bemühungen, die eroberte Region in das Zarenreich zu integrieren, und zugleich den militärischen Notwendigkeiten des Kriegsgeschehens Rechnung zu tragen. Dabei wurde die Umwelt unter den Bedingungen des industriellen Kriegs zwangsläufig militarisiert: Man holzte die Wälder ab und überflutete die Flusstäler aus operativen Überlegungen heraus; dazu kam die Verseuchung der Böden durch Kampfstoffe, Leichen und Kadaver. Die Angst vor Epidemien führte rasch zu einer Medikalisierung des Okkupationsregimes; dabei blieb eine Radikalisierung der Besatzungspraxis bis zu einer Politik der verbrannten Erde nicht aus.
Book review: Constantin Ungureanu, Școlile secundare din Bucovina (1808-1918) Secondary Schools in Bukovina (1808-1918), Chișinău, Tipografia Centrală, 2016, 304 p.
Objective. The goal of research was to study publications containing researches and studies related to the topic of Bukovina using the bibliometric analysis. Methods. Materials on the regional topic ...published within the period 1970 – 2018 were obtained from the Web of Science database (as of May 15, 2019). The obtained records were analyzed for citation characteristic, including the distribution of publications over languages, countries, journals and authors. The selection by keywords: (bukovina) OR (bucovina) OR (bukowina) OR (bukovyna) identified 304 materials published in different publications. For the period from 2008 until 2019 there has been observed the significant increase of materials published on this issue. Results. The analysis of the most citable publications allows to distinguish three clusters of research topics: geology, environment and natural resources of the region; ethnic studies; the Holocaust and acts of force during the World War II. Conclusions. This study provides the systematic review of productivity and clearness of the Bukovina’s studies and can be used for organization and identification of priorities for further regional studies
In recent years there has been given increased attention to the health-promoting dietary recommendations as regards the use of wild berries in human nutrition. This study analyzes the differences in ...the consumption of wild berries in the Bukovina area (in the northern part of Romania). Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L), rosehip (Rosa Canina L.) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna L.) are the plants harvested from spontaneous flora, with diverse uses, such as preparation of juices, tinctures and decoctions or tea beverages due to their medicinal and nutritional potential. Wild berries are also processed for production of beverages, jams, as functional food products, and, to some extent, they are consumed fresh as well. The consumers’ preferences were established by the analysis of questionnaires of 101 respondents interviewed concerning different botanicals used in a particular geographical and cultural context. The results show that the selections of wild berries containing many biochemical compounds are mostly used as teas or decoctions due to their nutritional role and health benefits. The preference for sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L) was strongly associated with its dietary benefits for the immune system. The consumption of wild berries is considered important by the Romanians living in Bukovina in fresh form, as beverages or in the dried form.
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