Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (CEPS), previously also described as Abernethy malformations, are rare malformations in which the extrahepatic portal system directly communicates with ...the vena cava inferior, thereby bypassing the liver. A hypoplastic portal vein (PV) exists in most cases. CEPS have been associated with the development of liver nodules, ranging from mostly focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) to hepatic adenoma (HA) and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Tumor development in CEPS may be due to changes in perfusion pressures, oxygen supply or endocrine imbalances. It is important to rule out CEPS in children with liver tumors, because resection could impede future shunt occlusion procedures, and benign masses may regress after shunt occlusion. Here, we review the case of a 9-years-old male with CEPS and hepatic nuclear Factor 1-alpha (HNF-1-alpha) inactivated HA to raise awareness of this condition and review histopathological changes in the liver of CEPS.
In this study, a new chemical-biological process has been developed for municipal wastewater treatment. The new process utilises iron-based chemically enhanced primary sedimentation (CEPS) to ...concentrate organics and phosphorus (P) into sludge and hence reduces the load of pollutants on the downstream treatment process. A side-steam module for acidogenic sludge fermentation was applied to convert wastes in CEPS sludge to valuable resources. Results showed that over 70% of total organic carbon (TOC) and 83% of total phosphorus (TP) were removed by CEPS with an addition of 20 mg-Fe/L of FeCl3 while the total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency was limited. Acidogenic fermentation of Fe-sludge under the mesophilic condition produced volatile fatty acids (VFAs) at a ratio of 137.7 mg-C/g-volatile solids (VS) with 12% of TP dissolution. With 1 g/L of starch addition for co-fermentation, the VFAs yield and P dissolution increased significantly to 201.3 mg-C/g-VS and 60%, respectively. However, the addition of peptones did not improve the P dissolution, due to the higher ammonium release that prevented the pH drop and acidification in the fermenter. Through the electrodialysis (ED) treatment in a five-chamber cell, 50% of ammonium in the fermented sludge liquor was concentrated into catholyte, while 35%-43% of phosphate, acetate (Ac) and propionate (Pr) were separated into anolyte.
The integration of electrospinning and electrospraying to prepare the fibrous catalytic filter membrane is demonstrated. The non-conductive polyethylene oxide (PEO) is blended with ...(A-)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid (CSA) doped conductive polyaniline (PANi) for electrospinning. The conductive CSA/PANi-PEO composite fibers are produced upon electrospinning, which are used as the conductive collector for electrospraying process by which titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are sprayed and allowed to adsorb on the fibers. The degree of adsorption and dispersion of nano TiO2 catalysts on the surface of the CSA/PANi-PEO fibers exhibit a stronger dependence on weight percentage (wt%) of PANi in PEO solution and the strength of electrical conductivity of the fibers used during electrospraying. CSA/PANi-PEO fibers as collector reduce the wastage of TiO2 NPs during electrospraying to lesser than 5%. Among the three different composition of PANi studied, PEO with 12wt% PANi yields very uniform diameter and beads-free fibrous structure with higher electrical conductivity. 12wt% CSA/PANi-PEO fibrous membrane is found to support for greater dispersion of TiO2 NPs. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared TiO2-PANi-PEO catalytic membrane is tested against the toxicant simulant 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide (CEPS) under the ultraviolet light irradiation. It is observed that the TiO2 nanoparticles catalysts embedded PANi-PEO fibrous membrane decontaminated the toxicant CEPS significantly, which is due to uniform dispersion of the catalysts produced by the methodology.
1,8-Dihydroxydibenzoa,hphenazine (DHBP) is a new synthetic compound possessing two intramolecular hydrogen bonds; however, it has been found to exhibit the excited-state intramolecular single proton ...transfer (ESSPT) behaviour, in recent experiment. To explain the phenomenon reasonably, two combined methods of CASSCF/CASPT2 and DFT/TD-DFT have been employed to investigate the structural and spectral properties of its three tautomers, corresponding to the non-proton-transferred (E), the single-proton-transferred (SK) and the double-proton-transferred (DK) forms. These studies suggest that the E form is the global minimum in the S
0
state, while the SK form is the most stable in the S
1
state, both of which are responsible for the experimental absorption peak at 2.54 eV and emission band at 1.64 eV, respectively. Because of the relatively high energy barrier, the DK form will play no important role in the fluorescence emission of DHBP. The present results lend a good support to the experimental finding of single proton transfer (SPT).
CEPS sludge was compared with conventional primary and secondary sludge for the VFAs yield. Fe-based CEPS sludge exhibited the highest efficiency of organic recovery. Fermented CEPS sludge liquor ...provided a sufficient carbon source for denitrification. 99% of nitrate removal was achieved based on the Fe-CEPS and sludge fermentation.
For biological nitrogen (N) removal from wastewater, a sufficient organic carbon source is requested for denitrification. However, the organic carbon/nitrogen ratio in municipal wastewater is becoming lower in recent years, which increases the demand for the addition of external organic carbon, e.g. methanol, in wastewater treatment. The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced by acidogenic fermentation of sewage sludge can be an attractive alternative for methanol. Chemically enhanced primary sedimentation (CEPS) is an effective process that applies chemical coagulants to enhance the removal of organic pollutants and phosphorus from wastewater by sedimentation. In terms of the chemical and biological characteristics, the CEPS sludge is considerably different from the conventional primary and secondary sludge. In the present study, FeCl 3 and PACl (polyaluminum chloride) were used as the coagulants for CEPS treatment of raw sewage. The derived CEPS sludge (Fe-sludge and Al-sludge) was then processed with mesophilic acidogenic fermentation to hydrolyse the solid organics and produce VFAs for organic carbon recovery, and the sludge acidogenesis efficiency was compared with that of the conventional primary sludge and secondary sludge. The results showed that the Fe-sludge exhibited the highest hydrolysis and acidogenesis efficiency, while the Al-sludge and secondary sludge had lower hydrolysis efficiency than that of primary sludge. Utilizing the Fe-sludge fermentation liquid as the carbon source for denitrification, more than 99% of nitrate removal was achieved in the main-stream wastewater treatment without any external carbon addition, instead of 35% obtained from the conventional process of primary sedimentation followed by the oxic/anoxic (O/A) treatment.
This paper deals with a number of geosynonyms within grapes and wine terminology in Catalan; twenty-nine names of vines and grapes (technically called «ampelonyms») are analyzed: «boval, garnatxa, ...giró, pansal, palop, monastrell, picapoll or moscatell», amongst others. The author, aware of the lack of dialectal maps concerning specific terminology, has drawn nine maps of these ampelonyms, based on extensive fieldwork, with surveys he has carried out in all Catalan-speaking areas. The paper is supplemented by numerous bibliographical references and complementary information (often in footnotes) on the names of the grapes studied: etymological hypotheses, parallelisms in other Romance languages, etc.
Most of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are able to grow in milk mainly due to the activity of a complex and well-developed proteolytic system. Cell envelope-associated proteinases (CEPs) begin casein ...hydrolysis and allow for releasing the peptides, enclosed in the structure of native milk proteins that are essential for growth of Lactobacillus helveticus. The biodiversity of genes encoding CEPs among L. helveticus strains can have an effect on some technological parameters such as acid production, bacterial growth rate in milk as well as liberation of biologically active peptides. The study reveals significant differences in the presence of various variants of CEPs encoding genes among ten novel Polish strains and indicates the intraspecific diversity exhibited by L. helveticus. In terms of distribution of CEPs genes, four different genetic profiles were found among the microorganisms analyzed. Furthermore, the strains exhibited also various levels of proteolytic activity. Molecular analysis revealed that prtH3 is the most abundant CEPs-encoding gene among the strains investigated. The results indicate also that ecological niche and environmental conditions might affect proteolytic properties of L. helveticus strains. The greatest variety in terms of quantity of the detected CEP encoding genes was noticed in L. helveticus 141, T105 and T104 strains. In these strains, the combination of three nucleotide gene sequences (prtH/prtH2/prtH3) was identified. Interestingly, T104 and T105 exhibited the highest proteolytic activity and also the fastest dynamic of milk acidification among the tested strains of L. helveticus.
Résumé
Depuis quelques années, le prix des médicaments en général et celui des médicaments anticancéreux en particulier ne cessent d’augmenter, à tel point que des associations de patients et des ...professionnels ont alerté les pouvoirs publics sur les risques d’une telle inflation pour le système de santé. Après avoir indiqué les modalités de fixation des prix des médicaments en France, cet article s’attachera à analyser les raisons invoquées par les industriels pour justifier ces coûts élevés et à mettre en parallèle l’importance des augmentations en regard des bénéfices apportés aux patients tant du point de vue survie que du point de vue qualité de vie. Enfin, des pistes de propositions pour limiter ces augmentations et donc les risques pour le système de santé solidaire seront évoquées.
This study reports on national survey results concerning mushroom picking in Finland during four separate years: 1997â1999 and 2011. The material was collected by mailed questionnaire surveys ...amongst Finnish households. The sample size varied from 1858 (in 1998) to 6849 households (in 1997) and the response rates varied from 51% (in 2011) to 70% (in 1999). The results indicate that both the rate of participation in mushroom picking and estimates of the quantities collected varied greatly depending on whether the survey was conducted in a favourable or unfavourable year. In 1998, when the mushroom crop was abundant, a total of 47% of all households were engaged in picking and the total harvest was 16.1 million kg. In 1999, when the crop was poor, the estimates were the lowest (23% and 3.3 million kg, respectively) and in a year with a relatively abundant crop (2011), the estimates were 42% and 15.0 million kg, respectively. Mushrooms were collected mainly for home use, which accounted for 85â90% of the total harvest depending on the year. Only a small proportion of all households (0.3â1.3%) were engaged annually in commercial mushroom picking. In 1997â1999, milk caps formed the major part of the total amount picked (i.e. 37â53% depending on the year), whilst in 2011 their share was approximately one fifth of the total harvest. The results also indicate that the proportion of ceps in commercial picking has increased since the 1990s
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