Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2016 Zheng, Rongshou; Zhang, Siwei; Zeng, Hongmei ...
Journal of the National Cancer Center,
March 2022, 2022-03-00, 2022-03-01, Letnik:
2, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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National Cancer Center (NCC) of China annually reports the nationwide statistics for cancer incidence and mortality using population-based cancer registry data from all available cancer registries in ...China.
There were a total of 487 registries which reported high quality data of cancer incidence and mortality across China in 2016. The nationwide numbers of new cancer cases and deaths were estimated using the pooled cancer registry data, which were stratified by area (urban/rural), sex, age group (0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14…85+) and cancer site for incidence and mortality, and then multiplied by corresponding national population. The world Segi's population was applied for the calculation of age-standardized rates.
About 4,064,000 new cancer cases and 2,413,500 new cancer deaths occurred in China in 2016. Cancers of the lung, colon-rectum, stomach, liver and female breast were the top five common cancers, accounting for 57.4% of total cancer new cases. Cancers of the lung, liver, stomach, colon-rectum and esophagus were the five leading causes of cancer deaths, accounting for 69.3% of total cancer deaths. The crude and age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) were 293.91 and 186.46 per 100,000 population, respectively. The crude mortality rate was 174.55/100,000 and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 105.19/100,000. The ASIR was higher but the ASMR was lower in urban areas than that in rural areas. In past decades, the ASIR was relatively stable in males, but significantly increased by about 2.3% per year in females for overall cancers combined. In contrast, the ASMR significantly decreased by about 1.2% per year for both sexes during 2000-2016. Notably, the cancer-specific ASIR and ASMR of esophageal, stomach, and liver cancers decreased significantly, whereas both rates for cancers of the colon-rectum, prostate, female breast, cervix, and thyroid increased significantly.
Cancer remains a major public health problem in China, which demands long-term collaborative efforts of a broad community. With the national guideline on cancer prevention and control, tailored cancer prevention and control programs are needed in different regions to help reduce the burden of these highly fatal diseases in China.
Rare cancers collectively account for a significant proportion of the overall cancer burden in Japan. We aimed to describe and examine the incidence of each rare cancer and the temporal changes using ...the internationally agreed rare cancer classification. Cancer cases registered in regional population-based cancer registries from 2011 to 2015 and the National Cancer Registry (NCR) from 2016 to 2018 were classified into 18 families, 68 Tier-1 cancer groupings, and 216 single cancer entities based on the RARECAREnet list. Crude incidence rates and age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) were calculated for Tier-1 and Tier-2 cancers. The annual percent change and the 95% and 99% confidence limits for annual ASR for each of the 68 Tier-1 cancers were estimated using the log-linear regression of the weighted least squares method. The differences in ASRs between 2011 and 2018 were evaluated as an absolute change. A total of 5,640,879 cases were classified into Tier-1 and Tier-2 cancers. The ASRs of 18 out of 52 Tier-1 cancers in the rare cancer families increased, whereas the ASR for epithelial tumors of gallbladder decreased. The ASRs of 6 out of the 16 Tier-1 cancers in the common cancer families increased, whereas those of epithelial tumors of stomach and liver decreased. There was no significant change in the incidence of the other 40 Tier-1 cancers. The incidence of several cancers increased due to the dissemination of diagnostic concepts, improved diagnostic techniques, changes in coding practice, and the initiation of the NCR.
Background & objectives: Information on recent cancer statistics is important for planning, monitoring and evaluating cancer control activities. This article aims to provide an update on the cancer ...incidence estimates in India by sex, age groups and anatomical sites for the year 2022.
Methods: The National Cancer Registry Programme Report 2020, reported the cancer incidence from 28 Population-Based Cancer Registries (PBCRs) for the years 2012-2016. This was used as the basis to calculate cancer estimates in India. Information pertaining to the population at risk was extracted from the Census of India (2001 and 2011) for the estimation of age-sex stratified population. PBCRs were categorised into the respective State and regions of the country to understand the epidemiology of cancer. The age-specific incidence rate for each specific anatomical site of cancer was applied to the estimated population to derive the number of cancer cases in India for 2022.
Results: The estimated number of incident cases of cancer in India for the year 2022 was found to be 14,61,427 (crude rate:100.4 per 100,000). In India, one in nine people are likely to develop cancer in his/her lifetime. Lung and breast cancers were the leading sites of cancer in males and females, respectively. Among the childhood (0-14 yr) cancers, lymphoid leukaemia (boys: 29.2% and girls: 24.2%) was the leading site. The incidence of cancer cases is estimated to increase by 12.8 per cent in 2025 as compared to 2020.
Interpretation & conclusions: The cancer incidence is continuing to increase in India. The new estimates will be helpful in planning cancer prevention and control activities through the intervention of early detection, risk reduction and management.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
5.
Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022 Han, Bingfeng; Zheng, Rongshou; Zeng, Hongmei ...
Journal of the National Cancer Center,
03/2024, Letnik:
4, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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The National Cancer Center (NCC) of China regularly reports the nationwide statistics on cancer incidence and mortality in China. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) calculates and ...publishes the cancer burden of countries around the world every two years. To ensure consistency between the actual surveillance data in China and the data published by IARC, NCC has received approval from the National Health Commission and IARC to simultaneously release the cancer burden data for China in GLOBOCAN 2022.
There were a total of 700 registries reporting high-quality data on cancer incidence and mortality across China in 2018, of which 106 registries with continuous monitoring from 2010 to 2018 were used to establish an age-period-cohort model to simulate the trend of cancer incidence and mortality and to estimate the incidence and mortality in China in 2022. In addition, we analyzed the temporal trends of age-standardized cancer incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2018 using data from 22 continuous cancer registries.
It was estimated about 4,824,700 new cancer cases and 2,574,200 new cancer deaths occurred in China in 2022. Cancers of the lung, colon-rectum, thyroid, liver and stomach were the top five cancer types, accounting for 57.42% of new cancer cases. Cancers of the lung, liver, stomach, colon-rectum and esophagus were the five leading causes of cancer deaths, accounting for 67.50% of total cancer deaths. The crude rate and age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) were 341.75 per 100,000 and 201.61 per 100,000, respectively. The crude mortality rate was 182.34 per 100,000 and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 96.47 per 100,000. The ASIR of all cancers combined increased by approximately 1.4% per year during 2000–2018, while the ASMR decreased by approximately 1.3% per year. We observed decreasing trends in ASIR and ASMR for cancers of the esophagus, stomach, and liver, whereas the ASIR increased significantly for cancers of the thyroid, prostate, and cervix.
Cancer remains a major public health concern in China, with a cancer profile that reflects the coexistence of developed and developing regions. Sustained implementation of prevention and control measures has resulted in significant reductions in the incidence and mortality rates of certain historically high incidence cancers, such as esophageal, stomach and liver cancers. Adherence to the guidelines of the Healthy China Action Plan and the Cancer Prevention and Control Action Plan, along with continued efforts in comprehensive risk factor control, cancer screening, early diagnosis and treatment, and standardization of diagnostic and therapeutic protocols, are key strategies to effectively mitigate the increasing cancer burden by 2030.
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) with rapidly increasing incidence rates reported in Uganda and Zimbabwe. However, the magnitude of these rising trends in ...premenopausal and postmenopausal women is unknown in most African countries. We used data from the African Cancer Registry Network on incident breast cancers in women from 11 population‐based cancer registries in 10 countries representing each of the four SSA regions. We explored incidence changes among women before and after age 50 by calendar period and, where possible, generational effects in this unique sub‐Saharan African cohort. Temporal trends revealed increasing incidence rates in all registries during the study period, except in Nairobi where rates stabilised during 2010 to 2014 after rapidly increasing from 2003 to 2010 (APC = 8.5 95%, CI: 3.0‐14.2). The cumulative risk varied between and within regions, with the highest risks observed in Nairobi‐Kenya, Mauritius and the Seychelles. There were similar or more rapidly increasing incidence rates in women aged 50+ compared to women <50 years in all registries except The Gambia. Birth cohort analyses revealed increases in the incidence rates in successive generations of women aged 45 and over in Harare‐Zimbabwe and Kampala‐Uganda. In conclusion, the incidence of BC is increasing rapidly in many parts of Africa; however, the magnitude of these changes differs. These results highlight the need for urgent actions across the cancer continuum from in‐depth risk factor studies to provision of adequate therapy as well as the necessity of supporting the maintenance of good quality population‐based cancer registration in Africa.
What's new?
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), and may be on the rise. In this study, the authors examined registries from ten SSA countries, and found that this is indeed the case, especially in older women. Changing risk‐factor profiles may account for these trends. These results indicate an urgent need for strengthening the healthcare systems of SSA, including improved public health programs such as screening programs for breast cancer, in‐depth risk‐factor analysis, etc., as well as planning for adequate therapy for an increasing number of patients.
In India, population‐based cancer registries (PBCRs) cover less than 15% of the urban and 1% of the rural population. Our study examines practices of registration in PBCRs in India to understand ...efforts to include rural populations in registries and efforts to measure social inequalities in cancer incidence. We selected a purposive sample of six PBCRs in Maharashtra, Kerala, Punjab and Mizoram and conducted semistructured interviews with staff to understand approaches and challenges to cancer registration, and the sociodemographic information collected by PBCRs. We also conducted a review of peer‐reviewed literature utilizing data from PBCRs in India. Findings show that in a context of poor access to cancer diagnosis and treatment and weak death registration, PBCRs have developed additional approaches to cancer registration, including conducting village and home visits to interview cancer patients in rural areas. Challenges included PBCR funding and staff retention, ion of data in medical records, address verification and responding to cancer stigma and patient migration. Most PBCRs published estimates of cancer outcomes disaggregated by age, sex and geography. Data on education, marital status, mother tongue and religion were collected, but rarely reported. Two PBCRs collected information on income and occupation and none collected information on caste. Most peer‐reviewed studies using PBCR data did not publish estimates of social inequalities in cancer outcomes. Results indicate that collecting and reporting sociodemographic data collected by PBCRs is feasible. Improved PBCR coverage and data will enable India's cancer prevention and control programs to be guided by data on cancer inequities.
What's new?
In India, cancer registries cover less than 15% of the urban and 1% of the rural population. Given this, can such registries reveal how poverty and social inequalities contribute to unequal cancer incidence? In this study, the authors found that, in many cases, the answer is yes. Equity analysis of cancer‐incidence data in India is feasible, as many registries have collected extensive sociodemographic information. These results indicate that improved coverage and information collection will enable India's cancer prevention and control programs to be guided by data on cancer inequities.
Accuracy of long-form data in the Taiwan cancer registry Kao, Chia-Wen; Chiang, Chun-Ju; Lin, Li-Ju ...
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association,
November 2021, 2021-11-00, 20211101, 2021-11-01, Letnik:
120, Številka:
11
Journal Article
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The Taiwan Cancer Registry (TCR) is a nationwide population-based registry that collects the data of patients with newly diagnosed cancer from hospitals with ≥50 beds. TCR data are high quality in ...terms of completeness and timeliness. However, accuracy is also a crucial quality indicator. This study evaluated the accuracy rates of selected 55 major items in the long-form TCR data between 2014 and 2016 with 700 reported cases randomly selected from 25 long-form-reporting hospitals. We calculated the accuracy rates of the reported data by employing a reabstracted chart review. Among the 55 items, the accuracy rates of 38 (69%) were at least 95%, those of 10 (18%) were between 90% and 95%, those of 5 (9%) were between 85% and 90%, and the remaining 2 (4%) were between 80% and 85%. This demonstrates a high degree of accuracy in the TCR long-form data.
Guideline recommendations for the treatment of breast cancer with low hormone receptor (HR) expression (1%-9%) are ambiguous and several studies showed more similarities with HR-negative tumors than ...with HR strongly positive tumors (≥10%). We used a population-based 15-year cohort to compare patient characteristics and outcome of HR low positive tumors with HR-negative and HR strongly positive tumors, respectively.
A total of 38 560 women diagnosed with early invasive breast cancer between 2004 and 2018 within the scope of the Munich Cancer Registry with 4.9 million inhabitants were included. Descriptive analyses of prognostic factors, treatment, and outcome analyses using the Kaplan–Meier method; cumulative incidence in consideration of competing risks; and multivariate analyses (Cox regression and Fine–Gray model) were conducted. Endpoints were time to local recurrence (TTLR), time to lymph node recurrence (TTLNR), time to metastasis (TTM), overall survival (OS), and relative survival (RS).
A total of 861 patients (2%) had HR low positive, 4862 (13%) HR-negative, and 32 837 (85%) HR strongly positive tumors. Within the HER2-negative cohort (n = 33 366), survival of HR low positive tumors was significantly worse than that of HR strongly positive tumors OS hazard ratio 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.55-0.78), whereas between HR low positive and HR-negative tumors no significant survival difference could be detected OS hazard ratio 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.78-1.11). TTLR, TTLNR, and TTM showed similar results. By contrast, within the HER2-positive cohort (n = 5194), no statistically significant differences between the three HR groups could be detected in multivariate analyses.
Current definitions for HR positivity and its clinical relevance should be reconsidered. Patients with HR low positive/HER2-negative tumors could be regarded and treated similar to patients with triple-negative tumors.
•This study compared HR low positive tumors with HR-negative and HR strongly positive tumors, respectively.•In the HER2-negative cohort outcome of HR low positive tumors was similar to that of HR-negative tumors.•In the HER2-positive cohort no statistically significant differences were observed.•Current definitions for HR positivity and its clinical relevance should be reconsidered.•Patients with HR low pos./HER2-neg. tumors could be regarded and treated similar to patients with triple-negative tumors.
The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused disruptions to national health systems and impacted health outcomes worldwide. However, the extent to which surveillance systems, such as population‐based cancer ...registration, have been affected was not reported. Here we sought to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on registry operations across different areas and development levels worldwide. We investigated the impact of COVID‐19 on three main areas of cancer registry operations: staffing, financing and data collection. An online survey was administered to 750 member registries of the International Association for Cancer Registries. Among 212 responding registries from 90 countries, 65.6% reported a disruption in operations, ranging between 45% in south‐eastern Asia and 87% in the Latin America and Caribbean. Active data collection was disrupted more than case notifications or hybrid methods. In countries categorized with low Human Development Index (HDI), a greater number of registries reported a negative impact (81.3%) than in very high HDI countries (57.8%). This contrast was highest in term of impact on financing: 9/16 (56%) registries in low HDI countries reported a current or an expected decline in funding, compared to 7/108 (7%) in very high HDI countries. With many cancer registries worldwide reporting disruption to their operations during the early COVID‐19 pandemic, urgent actions are needed to ensure their continuity. Governmental commitment to support future registry operations as an asset to disease control, alongside a move toward electronic reporting systems will help to ensure the sustainability of cancer surveillance worldwide.
What's new?
The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused disruptions to health systems worldwide. Has it also affected surveillance systems, such as population‐based cancer registries? In this study, the authors found that two‐thirds of analyzed cancer registries reported disruption in staffing, finances, and/or data collection. In countries with a low Human Development Index (HDI), a greater number of registries reported a negative impact (81.3%) than in very high HDI countries (57.8%). These results emphasize the need for actionable, strategic plans to ensure the continuity of registry operations globally.
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