The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused disruptions to national health systems and impacted health outcomes worldwide. However, the extent to which surveillance systems, such as population‐based cancer ...registration, have been affected was not reported. Here we sought to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on registry operations across different areas and development levels worldwide. We investigated the impact of COVID‐19 on three main areas of cancer registry operations: staffing, financing and data collection. An online survey was administered to 750 member registries of the International Association for Cancer Registries. Among 212 responding registries from 90 countries, 65.6% reported a disruption in operations, ranging between 45% in south‐eastern Asia and 87% in the Latin America and Caribbean. Active data collection was disrupted more than case notifications or hybrid methods. In countries categorized with low Human Development Index (HDI), a greater number of registries reported a negative impact (81.3%) than in very high HDI countries (57.8%). This contrast was highest in term of impact on financing: 9/16 (56%) registries in low HDI countries reported a current or an expected decline in funding, compared to 7/108 (7%) in very high HDI countries. With many cancer registries worldwide reporting disruption to their operations during the early COVID‐19 pandemic, urgent actions are needed to ensure their continuity. Governmental commitment to support future registry operations as an asset to disease control, alongside a move toward electronic reporting systems will help to ensure the sustainability of cancer surveillance worldwide.
What's new?
The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused disruptions to health systems worldwide. Has it also affected surveillance systems, such as population‐based cancer registries? In this study, the authors found that two‐thirds of analyzed cancer registries reported disruption in staffing, finances, and/or data collection. In countries with a low Human Development Index (HDI), a greater number of registries reported a negative impact (81.3%) than in very high HDI countries (57.8%). These results emphasize the need for actionable, strategic plans to ensure the continuity of registry operations globally.
Background: The objective of this study was to develop a guideline on how to report result of a population-based cancer registry. Methods: The guideline's development involved a core working ...committee and a scientific committee comprising experts from diverse domains. The process comprised three steps: 1) a comprehensive review of existing tools and guidelines and the development of the initial draft of the guideline based on a review of literature, 2) refinement items through several rounds of focus group discussion among the core group, and development initial draft, and 3) Evaluation of the initial draft by scientific committee members. Items in the guideline were organized to accommodate reports of population-based cancer registries as a scientific manuscript. Results: The core committee developed 47 items distributed in the major heading of a scientific manuscript presented as a checklist. The evaluation of the scientific committee led to a consensus on the majority of the items included in the checklist. Among 10 committee members, 7 provided unreserved approval, validating each item's necessity, applicability, and comprehensibility in the checklist. Feedback from the remaining 3 members was carefully analyzed and integrated to enhance the guideline's robustness. Incorporating feedback, a first final draft was presented in a meeting of scientific and core working committee members. Collaborative discussion ensured clarity of expression for each items and a final checklist was developed. Conclusion: The guideline abbreviated as REPCAN offers a standardized framework for reporting population-based cancer registry, fostering transparency, comparability, and comprehensive data presentation. The guideline encourages flexibility while promoting comprehensive and robust reporting practices.
Primary liver cancer, the major histology of which is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. We comprehensively examined recent international trends of ...primary liver cancer and HCC incidence using population‐based cancer registry data. Incidence for all primary liver cancer and for HCC by calendar time and birth cohort was examined for selected countries between 1978 and 2012. For each successive 5‐year period, age‐standardized incidence rates were calculated from Volumes V to XI of the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents (CI5) series using the online electronic databases, CI5plus. Large variations persist in liver cancer incidence globally. Rates of liver cancer remain highest in Asian countries, specifically in the East and South‐East, and Italy. However, rates in these high‐risk countries have been decreasing in recent years. Rates in India and in most countries of Europe, the Americas and Oceania are rising. As the population seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to decline, we anticipate rates of HCC in many high‐risk countries will continue to decrease. Treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is likely to bring down rates further in some high‐rate, as well as low‐rate, countries with access to effective therapies. However, such gains in the control of liver cancer are at risk of being reversed by the growing obesity and diabetes epidemics, suggesting diabetes treatment and primary prevention of obesity will be key in reducing liver cancer in the longer‐term.
What's new?
A new analysis of worldwide trends reveals that, between 1978 and 2012, liver cancer rates fell in east Asia and Italy, but rose in India, Europe, and the Americas. In this report, the authors analyzed 35 years of liver cancer incidence, the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Using data from the CI5plus database, they calculated incidence rates for 5 year intervals. Although liver cancer rates remained high in east Asia and Italy, they decreased, and are expected to continue to decline as HBV prevalence declines. However, liver cancer rates rose elsewhere, possibly due to increased obesity and diabetes.
Resumen: Objetivo: En España, debido a la falta de datos, se creó un registro de cáncer de pulmón, el Registro de Tumores Torácicos (RTT), el cual debería demostrar su comparabilidad con los datos ...poblacionales para tener una representatividad adecuada. Con esta finalidad, se comparan las características sociodemográficas del RTT con los datos de incidencia de la Red de Registros de Cáncer (REDECAN) y de mortalidad del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Método: Se utilizaron las fuentes de datos de cáncer de pulmón disponibles hasta el momento: REDECAN e INE. De cada fuente se recogieron los casos de cáncer de pulmón globales y desagregados por sexo y por grupos de edad, y se compararon los datos para el periodo 2017-2020. Se calcularon las proporciones por sexo y grupo de edad del RTT respecto a ambas bases de datos (que recogen incidencia y mortalidad), para el periodo completo de estudio y desglosado por año. Resultados: Se incluyeron 17.109 casos incidentes de cáncer de pulmón incluidos en el RTT, 58.668 casos incidentes estimados de REDECAN y 88.083 muertes entre 2017 y 2020 del INE. En cuanto al sexo, las proporciones son muy similares entre las tres fuentes y las diferencias no superan el 4%. En cuanto a la edad, las diferencias no son elevadas, siendo mayores para los datos de mortalidad en el grupo de mayor edad del INE frente al RTT. Conclusiones: El RTT parece ser representativo de los casos de cáncer de pulmón diagnosticados en España para los años 2019 y 2020, tanto por sexo como por edad. Esto permite poder caracterizar con exactitud el estado de esta enfermedad, primera causa de muerte por cáncer en España, y que el análisis de resultados que se vayan a obtener del RTT pueda ser aplicado a los casos de cáncer de pulmón diagnosticados en nuestro país. Abstract: Objective: In Spain, due to the lack of data at national level a lung cancer registry, the Thoracic Tumour Registry (TTR), was created. Such registry should demonstrate comparability with population-based data to ensure representativeness at population level. The aim is to compare the socio-demographic characteristics of the TTR with incidence data from the Red de Registros de Cáncer (REDECAN) and mortality data from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). Method: Lung cancer data sources available to date, REDECAN and INE, were used. Lung cancer cases overall and disaggregated by sex and age groups were collected from each source of information and data were compared for the period 2017-2020. Sex and age group proportions of TTR were calculated for both databases (which collect incidence and mortality data), for the entire study period and broken down by year. Results: A total of 17,109 incident lung cancer cases from the TTR, 58,668 estimated incident cases from REDECAN and 88,083 deaths registered from INE between 2017 and 2020 were included. In terms of sex, the proportions are very similar between the three sources and the differences do not exceed 4%. In terms of age, the differences are not large, being larger for mortality data in the older age group from the INE versus the TTR. Conclusions: The TTR seems to be representative of lung cancer cases diagnosed in Spain between 2019 and 2020, both by sex and age. This allows us to accurately characterise the status of this disease, which is the leading cause of cancer death in Spain, and that the analysis of results obtained from the RTT can be applied to cases of lung cancer diagnosed in our country.
In India, population‐based cancer registries (PBCRs) cover less than 15% of the urban and 1% of the rural population. Our study examines practices of registration in PBCRs in India to understand ...efforts to include rural populations in registries and efforts to measure social inequalities in cancer incidence. We selected a purposive sample of six PBCRs in Maharashtra, Kerala, Punjab and Mizoram and conducted semistructured interviews with staff to understand approaches and challenges to cancer registration, and the sociodemographic information collected by PBCRs. We also conducted a review of peer‐reviewed literature utilizing data from PBCRs in India. Findings show that in a context of poor access to cancer diagnosis and treatment and weak death registration, PBCRs have developed additional approaches to cancer registration, including conducting village and home visits to interview cancer patients in rural areas. Challenges included PBCR funding and staff retention, ion of data in medical records, address verification and responding to cancer stigma and patient migration. Most PBCRs published estimates of cancer outcomes disaggregated by age, sex and geography. Data on education, marital status, mother tongue and religion were collected, but rarely reported. Two PBCRs collected information on income and occupation and none collected information on caste. Most peer‐reviewed studies using PBCR data did not publish estimates of social inequalities in cancer outcomes. Results indicate that collecting and reporting sociodemographic data collected by PBCRs is feasible. Improved PBCR coverage and data will enable India's cancer prevention and control programs to be guided by data on cancer inequities.
What's new?
In India, cancer registries cover less than 15% of the urban and 1% of the rural population. Given this, can such registries reveal how poverty and social inequalities contribute to unequal cancer incidence? In this study, the authors found that, in many cases, the answer is yes. Equity analysis of cancer‐incidence data in India is feasible, as many registries have collected extensive sociodemographic information. These results indicate that improved coverage and information collection will enable India's cancer prevention and control programs to be guided by data on cancer inequities.
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have a low incidence but relatively high prevalence. Over the last three decades, the incidence of NETs has risen 6-fold in the United States. We conducted an ...observational study to compare the incidence of NETs reported to the Kentucky Cancer Registry (KCR) versus that reported to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER). We also provide a systematic review of the state of neuroendocrine tumors worldwide, and compare the available global and local published data.
KCR and SEER databases were queried for NET cases between 1995 and 2015. A detailed literature review of epidemiological data for various nations worldwide summarize epidemiological data from various countries.
KCR recorded 6179 individuals with newly diagnosed NETs between 1995 and 2015. Between 1995-2012, the incidence of NETs in KCR increased from 3.1 to 7.1 per 100,000 cases, while it increased from 3.96 to 6.61 in the SEER database. The incidence rates in both KCR and SEER databases were linear. 90.57% were Caucasians with 54.74% females. 27.67% of the Kentucky population was from the Appalachian region. Patients aged 50-64 years had the highest prevalence (38%). Lung NET (30.60%) formed the bulk of cases, followed by small intestine (16.82%), rectum/anus (11.35%) and colon (9.71%).
NETs incidence between 1995 and 2015 show a linear increase in both KCR and SEER databases. Because of this increased incidence it is imperative for community oncologists to familiarize themselves with this entity, which until recently was under-studied and with few viable treatment options.
Population-based cancer registries are responsible for collecting incidence and survival data on all reportable neoplasms within a defined geographical area. During the last decades, the role of ...cancer registries has evolved beyond monitoring epidemiological indicators, as they are expanding their activities to studies on cancer aetiology, prevention, and quality of care. This expansion relies also on the collection of additional clinical data, such as stage at diagnosis and cancer treatment. While the collection of data on stage, according to international reference classification, is consolidated almost everywhere, data collection on treatment is still very heterogeneous in Europe. This article combines data from a literature review and conference proceedings together with data from 125 European cancer registries contributing to the 2015 ENCR-JRC data call to provide an overview of the status of using and reporting treatment data in population-based cancer registries. The literature review shows that there is an increase in published data on cancer treatment by population-based cancer registries over the years. In addition, the review indicates that treatment data are most often collected for breast cancer, the most frequent cancer in women in Europe, followed by colorectal, prostate and lung cancers, which are also more common. Treatment data are increasingly being reported by cancer registries, though further improvements are required to ensure their complete and harmonised collection. Sufficient financial and human resources are needed to collect and analyse treatment data. Clear registration guidelines are to be made available to increase the availability of real-world treatment data in a harmonised way across Europe.
BACKGROUND
Sarcomas are rare, heterogeneous, ubiquitously localized malignancies with many histologic subtypes and genomic patterns. The survival of patients with sarcoma has rarely been described ...based on this heterogeneity; therefore, the authors' objective was to estimate survival outcomes in patients who had sarcomas using the 2020 version of the World Health Organization classification of soft tissue and bone tumors.
METHODS
Patients older than 15 years who had incident sarcoma diagnosed between 2005 and 2010 were extracted from 14 French population‐based cancer registries covering 18% of the French metropolitan population. Vital status for each patient was actively followed up to June 30, 2013. Net survival (NS) was estimated using the unbiased Pohar‐Perme method.
RESULTS
Overall, 4202 patients were included. NS declined with increasing age at diagnosis. According to topographic groups, large 5‐year NS disparities were observed, ranging from 47% among women with gynecologic sarcomas to 89% among patients with skin sarcomas. Patients with soft tissue, bone, and gastrointestinal sarcomas had 5‐year NS rates of 53%, 61%, and 70%, respectively. Similar heterogeneity was observed according to histologic subtypes, with 5‐year NS ranging from 19% for patients with angiosarcomas to 96% for patients with dermatofibrosarcomas. Patients with sarcoma who displayed missense mutations had a better 5‐year NS (74%); those with MDM2‐amplified sarcomas had the worst NS (45%).
CONCLUSIONS
NS rates in patients with sarcoma are presented here for the first time based on the 2020 World Health Organization classification applied to population‐based registry data. Large prognostic heterogeneity was observed based on age, topographic and histologic groups, and genomic alteration profiles, constituting a benchmark for future studies and clinical trials.
In this study based on the 2020 version of the World Health Organization classification of soft tissue and bone tumors applied to the French population‐based cancer registries, large survival heterogeneity of sarcomas was observed on age, topographic and histologic groups, and genomic alteration profiles. This study emphasized the major determinants of survival in patients with sarcoma, providing a new benchmark for future studies or clinical trials.
Background
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICCs) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ECCs) are highly lethal bile duct tumors. Their incidence can be difficult to estimate because of changes in ...cancer coding over time. No studies to date have examined their global incidence and trends with high‐quality topography‐ and histology‐specific cancer registry data. Therefore, this study examined ICC and ECC incidence with the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus database.
Methods
Regional and national cancer registry data were used to estimate age‐standardized incidence rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person‐years, 95% confidence intervals, and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) for ICC in 38 countries and for ECC in 33 countries from 1993 to 2012. ICC and ECC trends were tabulated and plotted by country. Rates versus birth cohort by age were plotted, and an age‐period‐cohort analysis was performed to assess age and cohort incidence rate ratios.
Results
The highest rates of ICC and ECC were in Asia, specifically South Korea (ASR for ICC, 2.80; ASR for ECC, 2.24), Thailand (ASR for ICC, 2.19; ASR for ECC, 0.71), and Japan (ASR for ICC, 0.95; ASR for ECC, 0.83). Between 1993 and 2012, incidence rates of both ICC and ECC increased in most countries. The largest ASR increases over the study period occurred in Latvia (AAPC, 20.1%) and China (AAPC, 11.1%) for ICC and in Thailand (AAPC, 8.8%) and Colombia (AAPC, 8.5%) for ECC.
Conclusions
In the 20 years examined, ICC and ECC incidence increased in the majority of countries worldwide. ICC and ECC incidence may continue to increase because of metabolic and infectious etiologic factors. Efforts to further elucidate risk factors contributing to these increases in incidence are warranted.
In the 20 years examined, the incidence of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is shown to have increased in the majority of countries worldwide, including those in traditionally low‐risk regions. The incidence of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma may continue to increase because of metabolic and infectious etiologic factors.
Cancer statistics in China, 2016 Zheng, R S; Zhang, S W; Sun, K X ...
Zhōnghuá zhŏngliú zázhì,
2023-Mar-23, Letnik:
45, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Data for 2016 from cancer registries were used to estimate cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2016.
According to the quality control process of the National Central Cancer Registry, the data ...from 683 cancer registries submitted by each province were evaluated, and the data of 487 cancer registries were qualified and included in the final analysis. Age-specific incidence and mortality rates were calculated by area (urban/rural), sex, age and cancer site, combined with national population data to estimate cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2016. Chinese population census in 2000 and Segi's population were used for age-standardized incidence and mortality rates.
Total population covered by 487 cancer registries was 381 565 422 (192 628 370 in urban and 188 937 052 in rural areas). The percentages of morphologically verified (MV%) and death certificate-only cases (DCO%) accounted for 68.31% and 1.40%, respectively, and the mortality to incidence ratio was 0.61. It was estimated about 4 064 000 new cases occurred in China in 2016, with the crude incidence rate being 293.91/100 000 (the rates of males and females were 315.52/100 000 and 271.23/100 000), age-standardized incidence rates by Chinese standard population (ASIRC) and by world standard population (ASIRW) were 190.76/100 000 and 186.46/100 000, with the cumulative incidence rate (0-74 years old) being 21.42%. The crude incidence and ASIRC were 314.74/100 000 and 196.38/100 000 in urban areas, whereas in rural areas, they were 265.90/100 000 and 182.21/100 000, respectively. It was estimated about 2 413 500 cancer deaths occurred in China in 2016, the crude mortality rate was 174.55/100 000 (216.16/100 000 in males and 130.88/100 000 in females), the age-standardized mortality rates by Chinese standard population (ASMRC) and by world standard population (ASMRW) were 106.00/100 000 and 105.19/100 000, and the cumulative mortality rate (0-74 years old) was 11.85%. The crude mortality and ASMRC were 180.31/100 000 and 104.44/100 000 in urban areas, whereas in rural areas, they were 166.81/100 000 and 108.01/100 000, respectively. The most common cancer cases include lung, colorectal, stomach, liver and female breast cancers. The top five cancers accounted for about 57.27% of all cancer cases. The most common cancer deaths included lung, liver, stomach, colorectal and esophageal cancers. The top five cancers accounted for about 69.25% of all cancer deaths.
The burden of cancer shows a continuous increasing trend in China. Regional and gender differences in cancer burden are obvious. The cancer patterns still show the coexistence of cancer patterns in developed countries and developing countries. The situation of cancer prevention and control is still serious in China.
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