The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of cancer predisposition syndromes among children with cancer in Moscow Region (MR). The data on patients were retrieved from the database of ...Childhood Population-based Cancer Registry of MR. 35 (3.0 %) children with cancer predisposition syndromes were revealed among 1173 registered from 2000 till February 2010. The most prevalent syndromes were hereditary retinoblastoma (RB) – 9 (25.7 %), Down syndrome – 8 (22.8 %) and neurofibromatosis type 1–8 (22.8 %). Genetic syndromes were observed in patients with retinoblastoma – 31 %, germ-cell tumors – 6.8 % and soft tissue sarcomas (STS) – 4.5 %. The increased risk of development of leukemia in patients with Down syndrome was observed. The relative risk (RR) of 15.0 (95 % CI 1.9–333.1) for leukemia and 57.1 (95 % CI 9.3–1398.0) for AML was observed. The association of neurofibromatosis type 1 with the development of tumors of central nervous system and soft tissue sarcomas was proved. The RR was 62.5 (95 % CI 8.1–1388.6) for CNS tumors and 150,0 (95 % CI 26.9–3480.9) for STS.
The aim of the study was to assess the main epidemiologic characteristics of cancer in infants in Moscow Region (MR). The database of childhood population-based cancer registry of MR served as a ...data source. 113 cancer cases were revealed during 1990–2008 years that comprised 6 % of all cases of cancer in children 0–14 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 1.2: 1. The incidence rate (IR) of cancer in infants was 9.0 per 100.000 in the retrospective part (1990–2000 years) and 15.4 per 100.000 in prospective part of the study (2001–2008 years). The unique distribution of cancer types in infants compared with children 1–14 years old was shown. The main diagnostic groups of cancer in infants were leukemia — 20 (17.7 %) cases, renal tumors — 19 (16.8 %) cases, neuroblastoma — 17 (15.0 %) cases. The IR of leading cancer types during 1990–2000 years was 1.9 for renal tumors, 1.7 for retinoblastoma and leukemia, during 2001–2008 years IR was 2.7 for leukemia, 2.4 for neuroblastoma, 2.1 for renal tumors. The overall survival (OS) of patients with all types of tumors diagnosed during 2001–2008 was 0.65 ± 0.07 with a median follow-up 29.5 months. The OS of patients with neuroblastoma was 0.91 ± 0,09, renal tumors — 0.67 ± 0,16, CNS tumors — 0.57 ± 0,19, leukemia — 0.33 ± 0,17.
Abstract Background Primary malignant brain tumours are rare but represent a serious health burden due to their poor survival. This manuscript describes the survival of malignant brain tumours in ...adults diagnosed 2000–2007 in Europe. Methods For this study we analysed patients archived in 86 European population-based cancer registries, followed up to 31st December 2008. Only primary malignant neuroepithelial brain tumours (with pathological confirmation) and primary malignant unspecified brain tumours without pathological confirmation were included. We estimated 1-year and 5-year relative survival (RS) weighted by age group and country. We also estimated country-specific and age-specific survival, together with survival differences between time periods (for 1999–2001, 2002–2004 and 2005–2007). Results Glioblastoma represents 49% of all brain tumours, followed by other/unspecified astrocytoma (18%), oligodendroglioma/oligoastrocytoma (9%), ependymoma (1.5%) and embryonal tumours (1%). Five-year RS was 20% for all tumours combined, but ranged from 58% for ependymoma to only 6% for glioblastoma and sharply decreased with increasing age. Differences between countries were relatively small, but generally RS in Ireland/United Kingdom (UK) and Eastern Europe was below the average. An increase in 1-year RS (up to 10–12%) was noted over time, being largest in Central and Northern Europe in patients between 45 and 74 years of age. Conclusions Despite an increase in 1-year RS in most European regions, the survival of primary malignant brain tumours is still poor. Disparities between countries were evident, being even larger at the end of the study period than at the beginning, suggesting differences in availability of the latest treatment modalities.
Abstract Background The EUROCARE study collects and analyses survival data from population-based cancer registries (CRs) in Europe in order to provide data on between-country differences in survival ...and time trends in survival. Methods This study analyses data on liver cancer, gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract cancers (“biliary tract cancers”), and pancreatic cancer diagnosed in 2000–2007 from 88 CRs in 29 countries. Relative survival (RS) was estimated overall, by region, sex, age and period of diagnosis using the complete approach. Time trends in 5-year RS over 1999–2007 were also analysed using the period approach. Results The prognosis of the studied cancers was poor. Age-standardised 5-year RS was 12% for liver cancer, 17% for biliary tract cancers and 7% for pancreatic cancer. There were some between-country differences in survival. In general, RS was low in Eastern Europe and high in Central and Southern Europe. For all sites, 5-year RS was similar in men and women and decreased with advancing age. No substantial changes in survival were reported for pancreatic cancer over the period 1999–2007. On average, there was a crude increase in 5-year RS of 3 percentage points between the periods 1999–2001 and 2005–2007 for liver cancer and biliary tract cancers. Conclusions The major changes in imaging techniques over the study period for the diagnosis of the three studied cancers did not result in an improvement in the prognosis of these cancers. In the near future, new innovative treatments might be the best way to improve the prognosis in these cancers.
Knowledge Graph-Enabled Cancer Data Analytics Hasan, S. M. Shamimul; Rivera, Donna; Wu, Xiao-Cheng ...
IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics,
07/2020, Letnik:
24, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Cancer registries collect unstructured and structured cancer data for surveillance purposes which provide important insights regarding cancer characteristics, treatments, and outcomes. Cancer ...registry data typically (1) categorize each reportable cancer case or tumor at the time of diagnosis, (2) contain demographic information about the patient such as age, gender, and location at time of diagnosis, (3) include planned and completed primary treatment information, and (4) may contain survival outcomes. As structured data is being extracted from various unstructured sources, such as pathology reports, radiology reports, medical records, and stored for reporting and other needs, the associated information representing a reportable cancer is constantly expanding and evolving. While some popular analytic approaches including SEER*Stat and SAS exist, we provide a knowledge graph approach to organizing cancer registry data. Our approach offers unique advantages for timely data analysis and presentation and visualization of valuable information. This knowledge graph approach semantically enriches the data, and easily enables linking with third-party data which can help explain variation in cancer incidence patterns, disparities, and outcomes. We developed a prototype knowledge graph based on the Louisiana Tumor Registry dataset. We present the advantages of the knowledge graph approach by examining: i) scenario-specific queries, ii) links with openly available external datasets, iii) schema evolution for iterative analysis, and iv) data visualization. Our results demonstrate that this graph based solution can perform complex queries, improve query run-time performance by up to 76%, and more easily conduct iterative analyses to enhance researchers' understanding of cancer registry data.
Rare cancers epidemiology is better known compared to the other rare diseases. Thanks to the long history of the European population-based cancer registries and to the EUROCARE huge database, the ...burden of rare cancers has been estimated the European (EU28) population. A considerable fraction of all cancers is represented by rare cancers (24%). They are a heterogeneous group of diseases, but they share similar problems: uncertainty of diagnosis, lack of therapies, poor research opportunities, difficulties in clinical trials, lack of expertise and of centres of reference. This paper analyses the major epidemiological indicators of frequency (incidence and prevalence) and outcome (5-year survival) of all rare cancers combined and of selected rare cancers that will be in depth treated in this monographic issue. Source of the results is the RARECAREnet search tool, a database publicly available. Disparities both in incidence and survival, and consequently in prevalence of rare cancers were reported across European countries. Major differences were shown in outcome: 5-year relative survival for all rare cancers together, adjusted by age and case-mix, varied from 55% or more (Italy, Germany, Belgium and Iceland) and less than 40% (Bulgaria, Lithuania and Slovakia). Similarly, for all the analyzed rare cancers, a large survival gap was observed between the Eastern and the Nordic and Central European regions. Dramatic geographical variations were assessed for curable cancers like testicular and non epithelial ovarian cancers. Geographical difference in the annual age-adjusted incidence rates for all rare cancers together varied between >140 per 100,000 (Italy, Scotland, France, Germany, and Switzerland) and <100 (Finland, Portugal, Malta, and Poland). Prevalence, the major indicator of public health resources needs, was about 7–8 times larger than incidence. Most of rare cancers require complex surgical treatment, thus a multidisciplinary approach is essential and treatment should be provided in centres of expertise and/or in networks including expert centres. Networking is the most appropriate answer to the issues pertaining to rare cancers. Actually, in Europe, an opportunity to improve outcome and reduce disparities is provided by the creation of the European Reference Networks for rare diseases (ERNs). The Joint Action of rare cancers (JARC) is a major European initiative aimed to support the mission of the ERNs. The role of population based cancer registries still remains crucial to describe rare cancers management and outcome in the real word and to evaluate progresses made at the country and at the European level.
Purpose: In this paper, we present age-standardized cancer incidence and mortality rates in the Faroe Islands. We also compare with the Nordic rates and show incidence rate ratios (IRR) and mortality ...rate ratios (MRR).
Materials and methods: The Faroese cancer registry (FCR) was established in 1994, with incidence available from 1960 and mortality from 1983. The FCR is a part of the NORDCAN collaboration, where the different Nordic countries all report anonymized cancer data by standardized methods, ensuring comparability. Validation efforts revealed that 13% of cases had not been reported to the FCR from 2006 to 2019, emphasizing the need for continued validation efforts of cancer registries. After validation, we submitted the updated cancer cases to NORDCAN and now present this data, taken directly from the NORDCAN website (2019 data).
Results: We found that the incidence of the summary group all cancers in the Faroe Islands increased from 1960 to 2019, while cancer mortality decreased from 1983 to 2019. Comparisons with Nordic rates showed significantly lower IRRs for cancer in all cancers, bladder and urinary tract, and skin cancer for both sexes, while IRR was lower for breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. Contrary, IRR was higher for rectum and kidney cancer in women and esophagus and testicular cancer in men. There was an increased MRR for cancer in female organs, bladder and urinary tract, and kidney cancer in women, and esophagus and pancreas cancer in men. In contrast, malignant hematopoietic diseases and melanoma in women had a lower MRR.
Conclusions: Cancer incidence in the Faroe Islands was lower than in the other Nordic countries. Of particular interest, the incidence of testicular cancer saw a steep increase during the last 20 years, and an investigation into possible causes for this is needed.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Background
Primary brain tumors are a complex heterogenous group of benign and malignant tumors. Reports on their occurrence in the English population by sex, age, and morphological subtype ...and on their incidence are currently not available. Using data from the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS), the incidence of adult primary brain tumor by major subtypes in England will be described.
Methods
Data on all adult English patients diagnosed with primary brain tumor between 1995 and 2017, excluding spinal, endocrinal, and other CNS tumors, were extracted from NCRAS. Incidence rates were standardized to the 2013 European Standard Population. Results are presented by sex, age, and morphological subtype.
Results
Between 1995 and 2017, a total of 133 669 cases of adult primary brain tumor were registered in England. Glioblastoma was the most frequent tumor subtype (31.8%), followed by meningioma (27.3%). The age-standardized incidence for glioblastoma increased from 3.27 per 100 000 population per year in 1995 to 7.34 in men in 2013 and from 2.00 to 4.45 in women. Meningioma incidence also increased from 1.89 to 3.41 per 100 000 in men and from 3.40 to 7.46 in women. The incidence of other astrocytic and unclassified brain tumors declined between 1995 and 2007 and remained stable thereafter.
Conclusion
Part of the increase in the incidence of major subtypes of brain tumors in England could be explained by advances in clinical practice including the adoption of new diagnostic tools, classifications and molecular testing, and improved cancer registration practices.
Objectives To show the impact of COVID-19 on cancer treatment in Tochigi prefecture.Methods The number of cancer cases registered in Tochigi prefecture before (2019) and after (2020) COVID-19 was ...compared using cancer registry data from 18 member hospitals of the Tochigi Prefecture Cancer Care Collaboration Council. Data were compared by sex, age, patient's address at the time of diagnosis, month of diagnosis, cancer site, cancer stage, and treatment. Data on screenings for stomach, colorectum, lung, female breast, cervix, and prostate cancers were investigated in detail.Results The total number of registered cancer cases was 19,748 in 2019 and 18,912 in 2020 (a decrease of 836 cases −4.2%). Among the total cases, there were 11,223 and 10,511 males in 2019 and 2020, respectively (a decrease of 712 cases −6.3%) and 8,525 and 8,401 females in 2019 and 2020, respectively (a decrease of 124 cases −1.5%). The decrease was greater among males than among females. There was no decrease in the number of registered patients aged <40 years between 2019 and 2020. Based on the patients' address at the time of diagnosis, there was no decrease in the number of cases from outside of the Tochigi prefecture. Regarding the month of diagnosis, there was a notable decrease in the number of registered patients in May and August of 2020. Among the decrease of 836 cases detected by screening, 689(82.4%) were cases of stomach, lung, colorectum, female breast, cervix, and prostate cancer. The number of registered cases of malignant lymphoma, leukemia, and cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, pancreas, bone and soft tissue, corpus uteri, and bladder did not decrease between 2019 and 2020. In terms of stage of cancer, the number of registered cases of carcinoma in situ, localized cancer, and regional lymph node metastases was lower in 2020 than in 2019, but there was no decrease in the number of registered cases of distant metastases or regional extension.Conclusion The number of cancer cases registered in 2020 was lower than in 2019, and the degree of change varied by age, hospital, site, whether the case was detected by screening, and stage of cancer. In particular, a marked decrease was observed in the number of cases detected by screening. Furthermore, the decrease in the number of cancer cases registered in May and August of 2020 were believed to be due to the peak in the spread of COVID-19 and the associated declaration of a state of emergency.
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