Building upon the strengths of its popular predecessors, the third edition of this established classic maintains its emphasis on basics, while updating the examples to include recent progress. ...Includes a CD-ROM reproducing all artwork, for use in lecture slides.
The fourth edition of this highly-successful, concise text contains twenty percent new data. Also included now are chapters on (19)F-NMR and (31)P-NMR as well as references to important Raman bands. ...Contains nearly 500 illustrations.
This book provides a rigorous treatment of the coupling of chemical reactions and fluid flow. Combustion-specific topics of chemistry and fluid mechanics are considered and tools described for the ...simulation of combustion processes.
Quantitative EPR Eaton, Gareth R; Barr, David P; Eaton, Sandra S ...
2010, 20100322, 2009-05-01
eBook
This is the first comprehensive practical guide for people who perform EPR measurements, or supervise the use of EPR spectroscopy, and want to obtain quantitative results. No existing book provides ...this level of practical guidance to ensure successful use of EPR. This meets the growing need in both industrial and academic research to provide meaningful and accurate quantitative results from EPR experiments. Discussed are the various sample-related, instrument-related and software-related aspects for obtaining useful quantitative results from EPR experiments. Some specific items discussed include: choosing a reference standard, resonator considerations (Q, B1, Bm), power saturation characteristics, sample positioning, and finally, putting all the factors together to provide a calculation model for obtaining an accurate spin concentration of a sample. Both relative intensity quantification and the absolute spin concentration of EPR samples are covered as well. Numerous pictures of the effect of instrument parameters on EPR spectra are included and careful attention to the guidance given in this book will ensure quantitatively accurate EPR spectra. TOC:Introduction.- Principles of Quantitative EPR, Why should examples of applications be quantitative?, Examples of applications.- Introduction to Quantitative EPR, General expression for CW EPR signal intensity, The EPR transition, Derivative spectra, The CW EPR line width, Second derivative operation, What transitions can we observe, Features of transition metal EPR, Parallel and perpendicular transitions.- Getting started- some practical matters, Operating the spectrometer-cautionary notes, Sample preparation, Don¿t forget the cooling water!, Detector current, Automatic frequency control and microwave phase, Searching for a signal, Gain, Effect of scan rates and time constants on S/N and signal fidelity, bandwidth considerations, scan rate and filter time constant, selecting a non-distorting filter and scan rate, A note about comparing noise in CW and pulsed EPR, Background signals, Integration, Microwave power, Modulation amplitude, Modulation amplitude calibration, How to select modulation frequency, Modulation sidebands,Illustration of the effect of modulation amplitude, Modulation frequency, Microwave power on the spectra of free radicals, Phase, Automatic frequency control and microwave phase,Sample considerations, Passage effects, Software, Summary guidance for the operator, Scaling results for quantitative comparisons, Signal averaging, Number of data points, Cleanliness, Changing samples, NMR gaussmeter interference.- What matters, and what can you control? Crucial parameters and how they affect EPR signal intensity,What accuracy can one aspire to?- A deeper look at B1 and modulation field distribution in a resonator, Inhomogenity of B1 and modulation amplitude, Flat cells, Double-cavity simultaneous reference and unknown.-Resonator Q, Conversion efficiancy, C, Contributions to Q, Measurement of Resonator Q.- Filling factor. Temperature, Intensity vs. temperature, Practical example, Glass-forming solvents, Practical aspects of controlling and measuring sample temperature, Operation above room temperature.-Magnetic field and Microwave frequency,G-values, Microwave frequency, Magnetic field, Magnetic field homogenity, Coupling constants vs. hyperfine splittings.-Standard samples, Comparison with a standard sample, Standard samples for Q-band, Achievable accuracy and precision- g value and hyperfine splitting.- How good can it get?- Absolute EPR signal intensities, The spin magnetization M for an arbitrary spin S, Signal voltage, Calculation of noise, Calculation of S/N, Summary of impact of parameters on S/N, How to improve the spectrometer-the Friis equation.- Less common measurements with EPR spectrometers, Multiple resonance methods, Saturation transfer spectroscopy, Electrical conductivity, Static magnetization.
This book offers a homogeneous presentation of the many faces of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The first part is devoted to a description of the nowadays thermodynamic formalism recognized as the ...classical theory of non-equilibrium processes. This part of the book may serve as a basis to an introductory course dedicated to first-year graduate students in sciences and engineering. The classical description can however not be complete, as it rests on the hypothesis of local equilibrium. This has fostered the development of many theories going beyond local equilibrium and which cannot be put aside. The second part of the book is concerned with these different approaches, and will be of special interest for PhD students and researchers. For the sake of homogeneity, the authors have used the general structure and methods presented in the first part. Indeed, besides their differences, all these formalisms are not closed boxes but present some overlappings and parallelisms which are emphasized in this book. For pedagogical reasons, some problems have been analysed within the different formalisms to underline their differences and their convergences.
This book by Lev M. Blinov is ideal to guide researchers from their very first encounter with liquid crystals to the level where they can perform independent experiments on liquid crystals with a ...thorough understanding of their behaviour also in relation to the theoretical framework. Liquid crystals can be found everywhere around us. They are used in virtually every display device, whether it is for domestic appliances of for specialized technological instruments. Their finely tunable optical properties make them suitable also for thermo-sensing and laser technologies. There are many monographs written by prominent scholars on the subject of liquid crystals. The majority of them presents the subject in great depth, sometimes focussing on a particular research aspect, and in general they require a significant level of prior knowledge. In contrast, this books aims at an audience of advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics, chemistry and materials science. The book consists of three parts: the first part, on structure, starts from the fundamental principles underlying the structure of liquid crystals, their rich phase behaviour and the methods used to study them, the second part, on physical properties, emphasizes the influence of anisotropy on all the aspects of liquid crystals behaviour, the third, focuses on electro-optics, the most important properties from the applications standpoint. This part covers only the main effects and illustrates the underlying principles is greater detail. Professor Lev M. Blinov has had a long carrier as an experimentalist. He made major contributions in the field of ferroelectric mesophases. In 1985 he received the USSR state prize for investigations of electro-optical effects in liquid crystals for spatial light modulators. In 1999 he was awarded the Frederiks medal of soviet Liquid Crystal Society and in 2000 he was honoured with the G. Gray silver medal of British Liquid Crystal Society. He has held many visiting academic positions in universities and laboratories across Europe and in Japan.
Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Materials systematically treats macroscopic measurements by thermal analysis and the quantitative link to microscopic, molecular structure and mobility. Reversible and ...irreversible thermodynamics, kinetics, quantum mechanics, and statistical thermodynamics are the roots of the described thermal analysis. The book aims to broaden readers' understanding of materials and the connection of flexible macromolecules (polymers) to small molecules and rigid macromolecules (minerals, salts, and metals). An effort is made to discover how the long, flexible molecules fit into their small phases which are characterized as microphases or nanophases. Their order ranges from amorphous to mesophase-like and crystalline. Ultimately, it is shown that the basic structure-property-processing triangle is connected to the better-known types of molecules and their common macroscopic phases.
