Mainland China has undergone profound changes dating back to the nineteenth century, including a contemporary period of rapid modernization that began in the 1980s. The result has been dramatic ...social, cultural, and economic shifts impacting the daily lives of Chinese people. In this paper, we explore the psychological implications of sociocultural transformation in China, emphasizing two central themes. First, rising individualism: findings from social and developmental psychology suggest that China's rapid development has been accompanied by ever-increasing adherence to individualistic values. Second, rising rates of depression: findings from psychiatric epidemiology point to increasing prevalence of depression over this same time period, particularly in rural settings. We argue that links between sociocultural and psychological shifts in China can be usefully studied through a cultural psychology lens, emphasizing the mutual constitution of culture, mind, and brain. In particular, we note that the link between social change, individualism, and rising mental illness deserves careful attention. Our review suggests that shifting values and socialization practices shape emotion norms of concealment and display, with implications for depressive symptom presentation. The challenge comes with interpretation. Increasing prevalence rates of depression may indeed be a general response to the rapidity of sociocultural change, or a specific consequence of rising individualism-but may also result from increasingly 'Western' patterns of symptom presentation, or improvements in diagnostic practice. We conclude by considering the challenges posed to standard universal models of psychological phenomena.
Advancing and expanding Chinese modernization is an inherent requirement and fundamental guarantee for building a great modern socialist country in all respects and realizing the great rejuvenation ...of the Chinese nation. By systematically grasping the logical clue of advancing and expanding Chinese modernization, and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, from the perspectives of theoretical implication, historical evolution, and practical position, the Communist Party of China (CPC) can clarify the direction and goals of advancing and expanding Chinese modernization, and deepen our understanding of the world modernization path based on advancing people-centered modernization in all respects by putting the people first, highlighting distinctive advantages of Chinese modernization by standing on Chinese own feet, and adhering to peaceful development, and analyze the underlying value concepts for advancing and expanding Chinese modernization. In terms of practical approach, Chinese modernization can be advanced in a stable and far-reaching manner, and new glories can be created only by further strengthening the guidance of the Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era on Chinese modernization, upholding and enhancing the CPC’s overall leadership in the whole process of Chinese modernization, promoting high-quality economic and social development to empower and strengthen the foundation of the stability and success of Chinese modernization, and actively seizing the strategic opportunity to advance Chinese modernization under the great changes unseen in a century, so that a solid inherent impetus and a supporting guarantee for the construction of a great modern socialist country in all aspects and the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation can be provided.
The Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) decides to “comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization” as a ...central task, listing nine essential requirements for Chinese modernization with the creation of a new form of human civilization as its goal. This paper analyzes the evolution of Chinese modernization led by the CPC and the pursuit of civilization, and reveals the inner connection and unity between Chinese modernization and the new form of human civilization. It is helpful to deeply understand the historical logic, realistic logic, and future logic of Chinese modernization, enabling better study and implementation of the spirit of the Report to the 20th National Congress of the CPC. Also, this paper boosts confidence in the path, theory, system, culture, and history of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
The earliest form of modernization was capitalization, which Marx and Engels explained as occurring "on pain of extinction." As the inherent contradictions of capitalism intensified, modernization ...showed a tendency to evolve in the direction of socialization, and two different and opposing models emerged: the Western European capitalist model and the Soviet socialist model. The modernization of the old China was destined to fail even while it was still on the starting line. It was not until the Chinese people, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, overcame the Chiang Kai-shek regime, achieved victory in the New Democratic Revolution, and established the People's Republic of China that the country's progress along the road of Chinese modernization really began. For historical reasons, the new China was obliged to develop a novel approach to its modernization process. Reform and opening up enabled China to seize a new opportunity, and Chinese modernization began to accelerate. After socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era, modernization began to take flight. Chinese modernization provides humanity with a new choice as it confronts the modernization challenge. Although Chinese modernization reflects China's specific national conditions and historical opportunities, it nevertheless has a definite world-historical significance.
Chinese modernization is formed in the historical process that adapts Marxism to the Chinese context and to the needs of our times. It represents a great initiative of the Communist Party of China ...and the Chinese people. Chinese modernization has broken through the problematic model of capital-centered modernization found in Western countries, and has established a model of people-centered socialist modernization that has enormous global importance. The essential requirements of Chinese modernization in the new journey of the new era are as follows: upholding the leadership of the Communist Party of China and socialism with Chinese characteristics; pursuing high-quality development; developing whole-process people's democracy; enriching the cultural lives of the people; achieving common prosperity for all; promoting harmony between humanity and nature; building a human community with a shared future; and creating a new form of human advancement. This is necessary not only for building a modern socialist country in all respects and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, but also for further adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and to the needs of our times.
As pointed out in the Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the next five years (2022–2027) will be crucial for beginning to build a modern socialist country in ...all respects. Firstly, the next five years will be a period of historical transition in the central task of the CPC. The central task of the CPC will be to realize the Second Centenary Goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects. At this crucial stage for getting our efforts off to a good start, China should understand and pursue the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan to advance the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through a Chinese path to modernization. Secondly, the next five years will be a period of deep reform in which strategic opportunities, risks and challenges are concurrent. Alongside a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation well underway, the new principal contradiction facing Chinese society, a historical transition in the central task of the CPC, and a shift in the international balance of power, profound and complex changes are taking place in China’s internal and external environment for development. Uncertainties and unforeseen factors are rising and must be dealt with appropriately. Thirdly, the next five years will be a key period of achieving China’s overall development objectives for 2035. It is a paramount stage of meeting the 14th Five-Year Plan goals, formulating the 15th Five-Year Plan goals, and realizing Chinese modernization by 2035. China should uphold the CPC’s overall leadership, follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, apply a people-centered development philosophy, remain committed to deepening reform and opening up, and carry forward our fighting spirit. Fourthly, the next five years will be a crucial period of accelerating the creation of a new pattern of development and pursuing high-quality development. Chinese modernization should be advanced through a series of strategic initiatives, such as building a high-standard socialist market economy, modernizing the industrial system, propelling rural revitalization across the board, promoting coordinated regional development, and boosting high-standard opening up. Fifthly, the next five years will be an impact period of unprecedented downward pressure on the national economy under various factors and risks beating expectations. In order to achieve the 14th Five-Year Plan goals and the overall development objectives by 2035, it is necessary to defuse the threefold pressure composed of increasing demand shrinkage, supply shocks and flagging market expectations, as well as intensifying potential risks. To accomplish the main objectives and tasks for the next five years, it is necessary to observe objective laws, apply the new development philosophy, continue to pursue economic development as central task, adopt system-based thinking, take steady steps to sustain progress, and promote high-quality development in a scientific and effective manner.
The primary methodology of Marxism consists of tackling the principal contradiction, and recognizing and addressing the principal contradiction in society is an essential prerequisite for advancing ...social progress. It is precisely by identifying and actively responding to the evolution of the principal contradiction facing Chinese society that the Communist Party of China has continuously promoted the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the new era, the evolution of the principal contradiction facing Chinse society has triggered changes in the driving forces of Chinese modernization, and the focuses of our work have changed from satisfying the people's material and cultural needs, to satisfying the ever-growing expectation of the people for a better life; from treating a high input of the factors of production as the main driving force in the economy, to regarding innovation as the primary source of growth; from overcoming the backward state of social production, to strengthening supply-side structural reform; from depending heavily on external circulation by way of the international market, to constructing the "dual circulation" development pattern in which domestic and foreign markets can boost each other, with the domestic market as the principal element; and from regarding only material incentives as crucial, to emphasizing both material and spiritual incentives.
With the reform movement in 1978, the Chinese government began to make great efforts to develop its country’s education. Xi Jinping’s administration has continued these efforts, attempting to achieve ...a world-class education system by 2020. This paper will examine the accomplishments of the Chinese education system in the post-Mao era, and discuss the gap between the current status of Chinese education and the requirements of a world-class education, ultimately arguing that there is still a big gap between a Chinese education and the most advantaged education systems in the world. To establish a globalized educational system, build world-class universities, and train internationally recognized Chinese scholars, this paper suggests that it is necessary for China to scrutinize and reshape its educational philosophy, since a philosophy of education is the guiding principle for any country to achieve the goal of providing its citizens with a world-class education.
Li Zehou belongs to the most well-known and influential contemporary Chinese philosophers of our time. Since he is one of the exiled intellectuals, his work has also acquired a wide readership ...outside China. Working mostly in the fields of classical Chinese philosophy and Chinese aesthetics, he dedicated himself to the task of finding a suitable and sensible way of harmonizing past and present, tradition and modernity, China and the West. Hence, he attempted to create a synthesis between early Marxist and classical Confucian discourses. The present article offers a critical analysis of these attempts, focusing upon some significant methodological problems underlying such approaches. The author aims to explain them in the framework of the methodology of intercultural research. Because in China, the problem of connecting Confucian and Marxist thought is presently a much discussed and very topical issue, the article also represents a contribution to the clarification of this relevant question.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
