Some aspects of Chinese literacy development do not conform to patterns of literacy development in alphabetic orthographies. Four are highlighted here. First, semantic radicals are one aspect of ...Chinese characters that have no analogy to alphabetic orthographies. Second, the unreliability of phonological cues in Chinese along with the fact that word building relies heavily on lexical compounding in Chinese makes morphological awareness particularly important for early reading development. Third, two different scripts (simplified, traditional) have different characteristics and strengths and weaknesses in relation to teaching and learning Chinese. Fourth, learning Chinese may strengthen both segmental and suprasegmental phonological sensitivity and even promote basic visual skills, potential cognitive advantages. Collectively, these aspects of Chinese make it important to consider as a unique orthography for understanding universals and specifics in the process of learning to read and write.
This paper introduces the nature of the Chinese script, with the focus on its origin and development, the main four kinds of creation methods, the basic strokes of Chinese characters and the ...significance of its radical structure. The author believes that Chinese characters are the carriers of the script, phoneme and meaning as well as of the grammatical structure of the Chinese language. Hence, the Latin alphabet for the Chinese phonetic system cannot replace Chinese character, and learning Chinese character is very important for foreign learners. Finally, the author gives a mnemonic of the basic rules for stroke order that facilitates learners' memory and helps them write characters correctly and quickly.
“Confucian script” 儒字 (chữ Nho) has become a unique name used to refer to the “Chinese script” 漢字 (chữ Hán) in Vietnamese. The integration between Chinese script and Confucianism had progressed ...through monarchical centuries, motivated by Vietnam’s political tradition. Supported by rulers of the country, Chinese script overwhelmed the difference of languages, became the official writing system, and therefore held great influence on important activities of government such as administration, diplomacy, education, and employment. By looking carefully at how Vietnamese monarchs managed to manipulate the Chinese script, Nôm script, and Confucianism to serve their political purposes, we stress that it was Confucianism that served as the link tying the Chinese script with Vietnamese rulers. This link was so strong that the Chinese script remained the dominant form of writing even with the invention of the “Nôm script” 喃字 (chữ Nôm), which was a vernacular system developed to write the Vietnamese language. Furthermore, because Confucianism itself was the spiritual core of the Chinese monarchical structure, Vietnamese rulers learned from the Chinese model by way of the Chinese script when building their own independent state. Confucianism was viewed as the core of Chinese culture.
This study investigates a language ideological debate concerning the adoption of simplified Chinese script—the norm in China—at tourist spots in Taiwan, where traditional Chinese script is the norm, ...after Taiwan opened up its market to Chinese independent travelers in 2011. With discourse data from the government, media, hosts, and Chinese travelers, we explore how the scripts are associated with various meanings and how the debate is interwoven with the contestation of Taiwanese identity. Multiple levels of tension are identified, including those between the symbolic and instrumental values of the scripts and between Taiwan's national identity and marketing considerations. We conclude that discourses concerning the two Chinese scripts serve as a discursive space where ‘Taiwaneseness’ and ‘Chineseness’ are variously constructed and negotiated along two main axes of differentiation.
•Chinese scripts are given diverse meanings in tourism discourse.•Tension is found between symbolic and instrumental values of the scripts.•Tension is found between Taiwan's national identity and marketing considerations.•Chineseness and Taiwaneseness operate on two axes of differentiation.•Chineseness and Taiwanese are seen as both compatible and oppositional.
Law concerns every aspect of our lives. However, rarely do scholars investigate metaphors of law, let alone those used in Mandarin, to which smaller attention is devoted in metaphor studies if ...compared to English. In this study I investigated the word
冤, a Chinese word referring to immoral and illegal deeds such as ‘injustice, wrong, tort’, but also ‘vengeance’ and ‘bad luck’, to find the mappings it realises. Previous approaches to Chinese moral metaphors used a source-domain oriented approach, thus finding a limited set of mappings. In this study, I devised a method (MetaCoCoTaC) of finding metaphors at the word compound and collocate level starting from a monosyllabic target-domain word,
, that enabled me to find more and new source domains for INJUSTICE, including SOUND, FOOD, MOVEMENT, and ANIMAL. The findings of this research also enable us to account for the polysemy of the word
. Moreover, discrepancies with previous studies were discovered as to the way far more predictable domains, such as VERTICALITY and OBJECT, are actually used. Finally, some unique aspects of the Chinese morphology and the Chinese logographic script that are not systematically taken into consideration in relation to metaphor research were also addressed.
Çin yazısının tarihsel serüveni Şişman,Sema
International Journal of Language and Translation Studies,
06/2021, Letnik:
1, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Tarihi çağların, MÖ 3500’li yıllarda, Sümerler tarafından yazının icat edilmesiyle başladığı kabul edilmektedir. İnsanlık tarihi için en önemli icatlardan biri olan “yazı”nın Çin’deki ilk örneklerini ...Jia Gu Wen adı verilen belgeler oluşturmaktadır. Günümüzden 3500 yıl önce Çin topraklarında kullanılan Jia Gu Wen yazısı, açıkça görülmektedir ki bugünkü Çince imlerin temelini oluşturmaktadır. Çin yazısı Jia Gu Wen, Jin Wen, Zhuan Shu, Li Shu, Kai Shu, Cao Shu gibi aşamalardan geçerek bugünkü şeklini almıştır.
Jia Gu Wen yazısı bir resim yazısıdır. Antik yazı sistemleri içinde, Jia Gu Wen yazısı dışında yerini başka bir yazı sistemine bırakmadan, değişip gelişerek kullanılmaya devam eden başka bir yazı sistemi yoktur. Ayrıca Çin yazısı, günümüzde kullanılmaya devam eden tek resim yazısıdır. Resim yazısı olması özelliğiyle Çin toplumunun düşünce yapısını gözler önüne sermektedir. Tüm bu özellikler, Çin yazısını farklı kılmaktadır.
Bu çalışma, Jia Gu Wen yazısından başlayarak, bugün kullanılan Standart Çince İmlere kadar olan süreçte, Çin yazısının geçirdiği değişime bir ayna tutmaktadır.
The influence of cooling rate on the formation of iron-rich intermetallic phases during solidification of unmodified and strontium-modified Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloys has been investigated. The effect of ...strontium on the intermetallic phases was evaluated in unquenched and quenched samples. Samples were quenched before the start of the Al-Si eutectic reaction, along the Al-Si eutectic reaction and just after the end of solidification. The results show that the addition of strontium increased the size of both
β
-Al
5
FeSi and
π
-Al
8
FeMg
3
Si
6
at low cooling rates. For unmodified and strontium-modified alloys, an increase of cooling rate resulted in a decrease in size of the intermetallic phases, particularly in the strontium modified alloy. In the strontium modified alloy quenched before the start of the Al-Si eutectic reaction,
π
-Al
8
FeMg
3
Si
6
appeared as thin platelets at the eutectic cell boundaries. Chinese script-like
π
-Al
8
FeMg
3
Si
6
and platelet-like
β
-Al
5
FeSi intermetallic phases were observed uniformly distributed in the eutectic regions in the unmodified alloy quenched before the start of the eutectic reaction. Strontium modified semi-solid Al-7Si-0.3Mg castings were produced and the type of intermetallic phase, morphology, size, area fraction and distribution were similar to that observed in the strontium modified alloy quenched before the start of the Al-Si eutectic reaction.
The casting structure of the AA6063 alloy contains intermetallic particles of β-Al5FeSi, which can result in the fragility of the cast pieces. However, with heat treatment, the β phase transforms ...from a needle or plate form into an intermetallic phase known as α, which resembles Chinese-script in its morphology. To analyze the effect of the ratio of Fe/Mn with different ratios of 0.5, 0.75, and 1, a heat treatment process is used with intermittent interruptions. The alloy is subjected to a temperature of 575 °C for 12 h to determine the microstructural evolution of the β-Al6FeMn and α-Al15(FeMn)3Si2 phases. This study used scanning electron microscopy to conduct point analyses and elemental mappings of the intermetallics found in the casting and heat treatment samples. Additionally, X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the stoichiometry of the present phases. The results indicated that the cast structure contains β-Al6FeMn and α-Al15(FeMn)3Si2 phases and that the β-Al6FeMn phase transforms into the α-Al15(FeMn)3Si2 phase upon completion of the heat treatment process. By using specific Fe/Mn ratios, the formation of the needle-shaped Al5FeSi phase in the casting structure of the alloy can be inhibited, leading to the precipitation of phases such as β-Al6FeMn and α-Al15(FeMn)3Si2 instead.
Chinese characters have been the most challenging aspect of the language to American learners. Whether or not and how to teach Chinese characters to beginner learners have been debated since the ...1930s. Nowadays, the ubiquitous presence of computers and tablets has complicated how Chinese characters should be integrated in the curriculum. It is important to systematically review what scholars have proposed regarding curriculum design for teaching characters in the United States. In this systematic review study, an exhaustive search through the past nine decades of scholarship on teaching Chinese characters identified 16 peer-reviewed journal articles published since 1937 that focused on teaching Chinese characters at the level of course design and overall curriculum design for a Chinese program. Two themes regarding character teaching – when and what to teach – were identified. Each theme was analyzed in detail, and a tentative model was proposed based on that analysis.
Jue Hou's study of interactions between computer engineers and Chinese script reformers in the 1970s enriches growing STS and China studies interest in Chinese engineering. It can also make a ...distinctive sinological contribution to contemporary efforts to develop the field of comparative philology.
PDF
