The main objective of the paper is to examine the concepts of region and regional identity in order to point out their political, social and theoretical/philosophical opportunity, and also their ...highly problematic character, especially in the current Eastern European context. The author tries to determine the contents of the concept of region from phenomenological perspective and shows that it is hardly possibly because, in practice, “region” refers more to arbitrary political and administrative criteria than to what can be experienced as a common “surrounding world”. The examples of regions analyzed in the paper are those of the infra-state Polish region Podlasie and of the supra-state Euregion Neman. In conclusion, the author claims that the opposition cultural/political, or experienced/constructed, should be mediated by European legal and moral rules. It is also claimed that only awareness of difficulties connected with the project of regions can allow their construction in a realistic, not arbitrary and not utopian way.
The author in this paper considers the aspects of Marcuse’s undrestanding of culture, in the first place his analysis on relations between culture and civilisation. That relation, judged by Marcuse, ...is decisive for understanding the position of culture in modern civil society. Marcuse showed, including the dialectic relation between Culture and Civilisation, how certain demands which are imanent for Culture are being neutralized by “civilisation mechanisms” and how they become exalted, but not obligatory.
The concept of civilizations plays an important role in the current scientific literature. Some authors select a particular number of civilizations. For other authors it is an open question how many ...civilizations exist: the answer depends on the criteria applied. The paper discusses the concept of the borderland civilization that relates to the countries (space) and people (cultural communities living in this space), situated “between” the two “key cultural groupings” (in Samuel Huntington’s sense) and inevitably combines some features from both of them. The author argues that, firstly, the population on today’s Polish-Lithuanian-Belarusian border constitutes a particular borderland civilization where the local identity dominates over national or ethnic identities. Although other identities might be in use here, the population of this borderland region primarily considers itself as “local” where multiethnic, multi-cultural and multi-religious communities have existed for centuries. Secondly, the current Belarus itself can be viewed as a case of a borderland sub-civilization: throughout its history it has been constantly influenced by Latin (Western) and Byzantine (Eastern) civilizations that resulted in Belarusian cultural pluralism, high level of religious and ethnic tolerance, and local self-identification of the population. Therefore, there is no “choice” for Belarus to belong to one “pure” civilization: it is destined to exist in the borderland. From this approach, current Belarus is not “civilization outskirts”: it is a subcivilizationwith all the attributes such as culture, values, ideas of history, and supra-national socio-cultural community of people.
The Souls of Europe Buijs, Govert J
Creativity studies,
12/2009, Letnik:
2, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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How should Europe deal politically with its legacy as a so-called “Christian civilization”? Should this imply an overt reference to God or to the Christian or Judeo-Christian tradition in European ...constitutional documents (as was debated when the so-called “Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe” was tabled)? This debate raised the old “politico-theological problem”: does a political order need some kind of metaphysical or religious grounding, a “soul”, or can it present itself as a purely rational order, the result of a utilitarian calculus? In this article it is argued that the secular idea of the state as an inherent element in the “Judeo-Christian tradition”, for a “divine state” usurps a place that is only God’s. So, this religious tradition itself calls for a secular state, and this inherent relationship between religion and secularity has become a key element for the interpretation of European civilization, most notably in the idea of a separation of the church and the state. But the very fact that this is a religious idea does imply that the European political order cannot be seen as a purely rational political order without a soul. The idea of a “plural soul” is proposed as a way out of the dilemma.
Straipsnyje aptariamas žymaus lietuvių sociologo Vytauto Kavolio (1930–1996) indėlis plėtojant civilizacijų analizę, vieną iš dabartinių civilizacijų sociologijos krypčių. Vytauto Kavolio požiūris į ...civilizaciją, jos organizaciją bei dinamiką ir civilizacijų tyrimų metodologiją lyginamas su civilizacijų analizės įkvėpėjo Benjamino Nelsono (1911–1977) tyrimais. Palyginti su B. Nelsonu, V Kavolis pasiūlo nemažai reikšmingų naujovių. Originaliausia V. Kavolio civilizacijų sociologijos dalis – civilizacijos organizacijos ir dinamikos samprata. Plėtodamas civilizacijos organizacijos ir dinamikos sampratą, V Kavolis plačiai taiko formalistinį požiūrį. Jo dėmesio centre – civilizaciją integruojantys principai: reikšmių struktūrinių ryšių modeliai (formaliosios konstrukcijos) ir teorijos-praktikos artikuliacijos būdai – bei jų kaitos procesai. Mažiausi skirtumai tarp V. Kavolio ir B. Nelsono aptinkami civilizacijų tyrimų metodologijos srityje.
The article reflects on the role of the principle of Identity in constitution of particular civilizational models. It attempts to demonstrate the monologous character of the particular Western and ...Balkan civilizational identities, what attributed to their collision in Kosovo. The principal differences in constitution of Western and Balkan civilizations and their close geopolitical situation created high tension, which discharged in the dramatic conflict, impossible to resolve in discoursive mode due to the lack of common discoursive background. The necessities to distance us from direct identification with one or another expansive identity model was the condition for a reflection and evaluation of the conflict. The poststructuralist critique of the principle of identity, favoring the alternative “thinking based on difference”, decisively contributed to the theoretical background of the phenomenological insights of this text. The collision between the Western and Balkan civilizations was depicted through different planes and from diverse angles as inevitable, unless the will to sustain their particular identities in subjecting the Other were not renounced. Deleuzian interpretation of Michel Tournier’s novel “Friday, or the Limbs of Pacific” provided with a broad insight on the possibility of thinking, based on the reality of difference. Ideas of distinctive American thinker Alphonso Lingis and Lithuanian philosopher Arvydas Šliogeris provided with a basis for delineating vectors of the non-violent constitution of dialogue, whereof a new kind of an inaggressive identity might emerge.
Straipsnyje svarstomas tapatybės principo vaidmuo, konstituojant civilizacinius modelius. Mėginama parodyti monologišką ypatingų vakarietiškos ir balkaniškos civilizacinių tapatybių pobūdį, nulėmusį šių civilizacijų konfliktą Kosove. Principiniai Vakarų ir Balkanų civilizacijų skirtumai bei geopolitinis šių civilizacijų artumas sukūrė įtampą, išsikrovusią dramatiška kolizija. Pašalinti šią įtampą diskursyviomis priemonėmis buvo neįmanoma, nes nebūta bendro diskursyvaus pagrindo. Ketinimas suvokti ir įvertinti konfliktą reikalavo atsiriboti nuo tiesioginio susitapatinimo su viena ar kita agresyvia tapatybe. Postruktūralistinė tapatybės principo kritika, iškelianti alternatyvų “mąstymą, paremtą skirtumu”, suteikė teorinį pagrindą fenomenologinėms šio straipsnio įžvalgoms. Vakarų ir Balkanų civilizacijų susidūrimas aprašomas kaip neišvengiamas, jei išliekama Kitą pajungiančių tapatybių rėmuose. Deleuziška Michelio Tournier romano Penktadienis arba Ramiojo vandenyno limbai interpretacija pasiūlė plačią mąstymo, paremto realiu skirtumu, perspektyvą. Savito lietuvių kilmės amerikiečių mąstytojo Alphonso Lingio ir iškilaus lietuvių filosofo Arvydo Šliogerio idėjos suteikė kryptis neprievartiniam dialogui, atveriančiam kitos, neagresyvios tapatybės konstituavimo erdvę.
Cilj istraživanja opisanoga u ovome radu bio je ispitati prednosti Erasmus+ programa i promišljanja studenata o vlastitim iskustvima tijekom provedenoga vremena na Erasmus+ razmjeni studenata, s time ...da je težište na kulturnom aspektu. Kako bi se dokazala važnost programa Erasmus+, najprije je bilo potrebno pobliže objasniti i proučiti što je to kultura. Zatim je bilo potrebno proučiti kulturnu svjesnost i međukulturno učenje kao posljedice iskustva razmjene, i to s gledišta osoba različitih kulturnih pozadina. S tom svrhom sastavljen je upitnik koji je ispunilo 100 studenata iz 22 različite države, uključujući i Hrvatsku. Rezultati su pokazali kako su ispitanici naučili vrlo mnogo i o kulturi same države u kojoj su bili, a isto tako i o kulturi drugih sudionika programa. Najviše je ispitanika odgovorilo kako su tijekom mobilnosti osjetili razliku između vlastite i tuđe kulture i istaknuli su koristi koje će zbog spomenutoga iskustva imati u budućnosti. Prema dobivenim rezultatima možemo zaključiti kako je program Erasmus+ važan i koristan što se tiče shvaćanja i prihvaćanja tuđih kultura te da osobe koje su imale priliku sudjelovati u programu osjećaju prednosti, kako u svom osobnom razvitku tako i u povećanim mogućnostima za uspjeh u budućnosti.
Razvoj ljudske civilizacije kontinuirani je proces oponašanja i stvaranja temeljen na razmjeni. Većina povijesnih istraživanja provodi se kvalitativno, zbog čega su povijesne interpretacije nerijetko ...pristrane, s osobnim ili subjektivnim stajalištima. U tom pogledu Biblija je najčitanija knjiga u povijesti te su komparativne studije često rađene zbog njezinih sličnosti s mitovima drevnih civilizacija. Ova studija kombinira kvalitativnu i kvantitativnu analizu kako bi analizirala međuodnos između mita i Biblije. Točnije, analiza intertekstualnosti provedena je na osnovi epizode velikog potopa u mezopotamskom Epu o Gilgamešu i biblijskom Postanku. Analiza pravila asocijacija temeljena na rudarenju teksta i analiza oblaka riječi kombinirane su kako bi se to potvrdilo. Kao rezultat analize intertekstualnosti, potvrđeno je da je otkriven međuodnos između Epa o Gilgamešu i Biblije, a kao rezultat rudarenja teksta, povezanost se može provjeriti u analizi intertekstualnosti. Slijedom rezultata studija predlaže istraživačku metodu za proučavanje civilizacijske razmjene objektivnim pristupom tijeku i usmjerenosti razmjene među civilizacijama u drevnim mediteranskim regijama. Štoviše, uz studije civilizacijske razmjene, predložena je praktična konvergentna istraživačka metoda za studije u područjima humanističkih znanosti, regionalnih studija i povijesti.
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