The collective bargaining in public employment raises a number of specific
problems relating to the bargaining structure, the lack of technical capacity of public
representation in the negotiation ...process, the indecisiveness of the subject of negotiation,
the absence of an internal procedure to approve the agreements reached during the
negotiation and the validity of the passed agreements, problems that state basic standards
have not finished solving. Orient the civil service laws of the autonomous communities in
the management and treatment of these issues is the main objective of this essay.
La negociación colectiva en el empleo público plantea una serie de
problemas propios referidos a la estructura de la negociación, la falta de capacidad
técnica de la representación pública en el proceso de negociación, la indeterminación
del objeto de la negociación, la inexistencia de un procedimiento interno de aprobación
de los acuerdos obtenidos en la negociación y la vigencia de los acuerdos aprobados,
problemas que las normas básicas estatales no han acabado de solucionar. Orientar las
leyes de función pública de las comunidades autónomas en el abordaje y tratamiento
de estas cuestiones es el objetivo principal de este trabajo.
We structurally estimate a perfect information bargaining model of collective negotiations using data on national agreements for Spain. The model is a stochastic model of sequential bargaining in ...which we allow for the possibility of negotiations ending without agreement, a common feature in the data. Delays in equilibrium are the result of uncertainty about the surplus to be divided among the players and not of information asymmetries. The model fits the data well regardless of the limitations imposed by the parametric specification adopted. Our results show that agents are patient and that the advantage from proposing is large. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Socijalni dijalog 2030 Baturina, Danijel; Bežovan, Gojko; Matančević, Jelena
Bogoslovska smotra,
03/2022, Letnik:
91, Številka:
4
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Cilj rada je raspraviti potencijalne pravce razvoja socijalnog dijaloga u Hrvatskoj. Rad prikazuje rezultate istraživanja provedenog krajem 2019. godine s ciljem dobivanja uvida u perspektive ...socijalnog dijaloga u okolnostima promijenjenih industrijskih odnosa u Republici Hrvatskoj u 2030. godini. Istraživanje je provedeno delphi-metodom s osam stručnjaka, predstavnika ključnih dionika socijalnog dijaloga: vlade, sindikata i poslodavaca te istraživača iz područja industrijskih odnosa. Rezultati su raspravljeni u kontekstu očekivanih ekonomskih, društvenih i političkih faktora koji će utjecati na promjene socijalnog dijaloga do 2030. godine. Naglašeno je nekoliko glavnih istraživačkih nalaza. Kvaliteta i spremnost na socijalni dijalog u Hrvatskoj je relativno niska, a institucionalni okvir industrijskih odnosa oslabljen te se ne očekuju značajna poboljšanja do 2030. godine. Sindikati će se naći pred izazovom zadržavanja relevantnosti u promijenjenim socioekonomskim okolnostima poput nedostatka radne snage i promjena u obrascima zaposlenosti te tehnoloških promjena. Očekuje se nastavak trendova decentralizacije pregovaranja, odnosno jačanja bipartitnog socijalnog dijaloga na razini poduzeća. Ističe se potreba za inovativnijim djelovanjem sindikata te za razvijanjem novih strategija u privlačenju mlađih članova.
The aim of this article is to discuss potential directions for the development of social dialogue in Croatia. The article presents the results of a study carried out towards the end of 2019 with the aim of gaining insight into the perspectives of social dialogue in circumstances of transformed industrial relations in Croatia in 2030. The study was carried out by using the Delphi method and it involved eight experts, representatives of the key participants in social dialogue: government, unions, and employers, and researchers from the area of industrial relations. Results are discussed in the context of expected economic, social, and political factors which will exert influence on changes in social dialogue until 2030. A few main research insights are emphasized. The quality of and readiness for social dialogue in Croatia is fairly low, the institutional frame of industrial relations has been weakened, and no major improvements are expected until 2030. Unions will face the challenge of remaining relevant in changed socio-economic circumstances, such as the lack of workforce, changes in patterns of employment, and technological changes. It is expected that trends of decentralization of negotiations, i.e., strengthening of bipartite social dialogue on the level of companies, will continue. The article emphasizes the need for innovative activity of unions and for developing new strategies for attracting younger members.
Numerous empirical studies show that unions reduce wage differences. I demonstrate that their motive might be a mix of fairness and strategy, maximizing the use of union bargaining power in the ...presence of efficiency wages. Unions can push primarily for raising the lowest wages, and still not sacrifice higher wages much, if the employers themselves increase higher wages to protect efficiency‐enhancing wage differences. If these “domino effects” are strong enough, then an egalitarian wage policy might even increase the median wage.
Drawing on qualitative fieldwork in China's Guangdong and Zhejiang Provinces, the author asks how post-socialist unions respond to worker unrest and why the development of sectoral-level bargaining ...has been uneven in different regions of China. While Zhejiang has had relative success in establishing the organizational infrastructure for sectoral bargaining, Guangdong has had little success despite ongoing attempts by unions. The author explains variation in sectoral-level bargaining through an analysis of the different models of economic development, which are characterized as local entrepreneurialism and global integration for Zhejiang and Guangdong, respectively. Despite having different organizational forms, unions in both places suffer from a lack of credibility and capacity to enforce contracts. Given the ACFTU's ongoing focus on sectoral-level bargaining, however, experiments will likely continue in various regions and industries throughout China.
Using a simple model of patent licensing followed by product-market competition, this paper investigates several competition policy questions related to standard-setting organizations (SSO's). It ...concludes that competition policy should not favor patent-holders who practice their patents against innovation specialists who do not, that SSO's should not be required to conduct auctions among patent-holders before standards are set in order to determine post-standard royalty rates (though less formal ex ante competition should be encouraged), and that antitrust policy should not allow or encourage collective negotiation of patent royalty rates. Some recent policy developments in this area are discussed.
During the past decade, a body of empirical evidence has become available showing that negotiation of meaning promotes the comprehension of oral input. However, to what extent negotiation of meaning ...can be useful in reading instruction in order to make written input comprehensible remains an open question. A quasi-experimental study was carried out in 8 multilingual primary schools in Flanders. The participants were confronted with a difficult text in 4 conditions: unmodified written input, premodified written input, unmodified written input + oral negotiation with a peer, and unmodified written input + oral negotiation with the rest of the class. The results of the study show that negotiating the meaning of unmodified written input led to higher comprehension than premodifying the same input. In turn, meaning negotiation in which the teacher was involved was superior to peer negotiation. A further analysis of peer negotiation showed that comprehension scores were higher for students who had cooperated with a peer of a different level of language proficiency than for students who had cooperated with a peer of a similar level of language proficiency. The study also yields useful guidelines as to the role teachers should play and the actions they should take when the meaning of written input is negotiated in the classroom. /// Spanish Durante la década pasada, se ha proporcionado un cuerpo de evidencia empírica que muestra que la negociación del significado promueve la comprensión del input oral. Sin embargo, hasta qué punto la negociación del significado puede ser útil en la enseñanza de la lectura mejorando la comprensión del input escrito, es una cuestión que permanece abierta. Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuasi-experimental en 8 escuelas primarias multilingües de Flandes. Se confrontó a los participantes con un texto difícil en 4 condiciones: input escrito no modificado, input escrito previamente modificado, input escrito no modificado + negociación oral con un par e input escrito no modificado + negociación oral con el resto de la clase. Los resultados del estudio mostraron que la negociación del significado de un input escrito no modificado resultaba en una mayor compresión que la modificación previa del mismo input. A su vez, la negociación del significado en la que estaba involucrado el docente fue superior a la negociación entre pares. El análisis posterior de la negociación entre pares mostró que los puntajes en comprensión fueron más altos para los estudiantes que habían cooperado con un par de un nivel diferente de dominio lingüístico que para los estudiantes que habían cooperado con un par de un nivel similar de dominio lingüístico. El estudio también proporciona lineamientos útiles acerca del rol que deben jugar los docentes y las acciones que deben realizar cuando se negocia el significado del input escrito en el aula. /// German Während des vergangenen Jahrzehnts wurde eine Fülle an empirischem Beweismaterial verfügbar gemacht, welches aufzeigt, daß die Auseinandersetzung mit Begriffsdeutungen das Verstehen mündlicher Anweisungen fördert. In welchem Ausmaße jedoch die Auseinandersetzung mit Begriffsdeutungen beim Lesen von Anweisungen nützlich sein kann, um schriftliche Anweisungen besser begreiflich zu machen, bleibt eine offene Frage. Eine quasi-experimentelle Studie wurde in 8 mehrsprachigen Grundschulen in Flandern ausgeführt. Die Teilnehmer wurden mit einem schwierigen Text unter 4 Bedingungen konfrontiert: unveränderte schriftliche Anweisungen, vorab veränderte Anweisungen, unveränderte Anweisungen + mündliche Auseinandersetzung mit einem Mitschüler, und nicht modifizierte schriftliche Angaben + mündliche Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Rest der Klasse. Die Resultate der Studie zeigen, daß die Auseinandersetzung mit der Begriffsdeutung von unveränderten schriftlichen Anweisungen zu höherem Verstehen führten, als im voraus gemachte auferlegte Veränderungen der gleichen Anweisungen. Andererseits waren die Auseinandersetzungen mit der Begriffsdeutung mit erweiterter Einbeziehung des Lehrers den nur aus Mitschülern bestehenden weit überlegen. Eine weitere Analyse der Auseinandersetzung unter Mitschülern zeigte, daß die Verständnisbewertung höher bei Schülern war, die mit einem Schüler differenzierter Stufe im Sprachverständnis zusammenarbeiteten, als bei jenen Schülern mit Mitschüler auf gleicher Stufe im Sprachverständnis. Die Studie erbrachte auch nützliche Richtlinien, welche Rolle die Lehrer dabei spielen sollten und der Maßnahmen, die ergriffen werden sollten, wenn die Bedeutung von schriftlichen Eingaben im Klassenzimmer vermittelt werden. /// French Au cours de la dernière décennie, un ensemble de données empiriques est apparu qui a montré que la négociation du sens favorise la compréhension de l'input oral. Cependant, la question demeure de savoir dans quelle mesure la négociation du sens peut être utile dans l'enseignement de la lecture pour rendre compréhensible l'input écrit. On a entrepris une étude quasi-expérimentale dans 8 écoles primaires multilingues des Flandres. Les participants ont été confrontés à un texte difficile dans 4 conditions: input écrit non modifié, input écrit modifié au préalable, input écrit non modifié + négociation orale avec un pair, et input écrit non modifié + négociation orale avec le reste de la classe. Les résultats de l'étude montrent que la négociation du sens de l'input non modifié conduit à une meilleure compréhension que la modification préalable du même input. Par ailleurs, la négociation du sens dans laquelle le maître était impliqué a été supérieure à la négociation avec un pair. Une analyse ultérieure de la négociation avec les pairs a montré que les scores de compréhension étaient plus élevés pour les élèves qui avaient coopéré avec un pair ayant un niveau différent de maîtrise du langage que pour les élèves ayant coopéré avec un pair ayant un niveau de langage équivalent. L'étude fournit également des indications utiles quant au rôle que devraient jouer les enseignants et comment agir quand le sens de l'input écrit est négocié dans la classe.
This article studies the strategic use of collective negotiation in multiplaintiff litigation. Compared with one-on-one negotiation, collective negotiation can change the distribution of ...per-plaintiff damages in a manner that influences the defendant's bargaining incentive. Informational asymmetry among the members of collective action and delegation of bargaining to a self-interested representative can yield a tougher bargaining position. A plaintiff's decision to join the collective action can signal his type, which in turn influences the defendant's bargaining behavior. In equilibrium, some plaintiffs join the action for fear of sending a bad signal.
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