Two decades after the seminal work of Crouch and Ritchie (1999). Tourism, competitiveness, and societal prosperity. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 137-152, which triggered an avalanche of ...research on the topic, there is an extensive and still-growing body of literature on destination competiveness. Research on competitiveness, in the context of tourism destinations and even in its parent field of economics, has been characterized by controversy and strong criticism. Given the complexity of the phenomenon, the multiplicity of perspectives taken on it and the current stage of knowledge, there is a clear need for a reflective audit that enables a careful consideration on the knowledge acquired with past research as well as a well-thought-out identification of the needs for future research. Only such meticulous process will ensure the progress of this field of enquiry. The wide-spread acknowledgement of the importance of competitiveness for a destination's long-term success in addition to the constant comments that it is still a topic not well understood, suggests that research on it still has a long future ahead. This article embraces this challenging task by documenting, examining and critically assessing the existing literature on three dimensions: definitions, theoretical models and measurement. In addition, existing gaps are identified and research propositions are presented to guide future research.
The agri-food sector in our country faces development gaps compared to other states in the European Union. The agricultural potential of our country is high and European Union finances this sector ...through the two pillars of the Common Agricultural Policy, namely market measures and rural development policy. The paper represents an analysis of GDP, population employed in agriculture, productivity and investments realized in the agricultural sector from Romania, in the period 2009 – 2021.
This study examines the impact of regional competitiveness on the innovative activity of entrepreneurial firms. Based on a unique and handcollected dataset of publicly listed high-technology ...start-ups and university regions, this paper tests how regional competitiveness and university spillovers affect the innovation behavior of entrepreneurial firms. The results provide strong evidence that regional competitiveness and university spillovers are strong complements in fostering innovation activity of entrepreneurial firms. However, the results also raise the question whether incentives for universities and their actors might lead to crowding out effects.
The article is aimed at generalizing the views of various scholars on the essence of the concept of «competitiveness» and allocating the properties and factors that characterize the competitiveness ...of enterprise. In modern conditions of economic development, of particular importance are the theoretical foundations of the conception of competitiveness, which should be based on the comprehensive approach and should be considered by means of this approach. The concept of «competitiveness» derives from the concept of «competition», which acts as an element of the market mechanism for regulating supply and demand; as a form of interaction between economic actors in the market; as an economic rivalry of individual producers for market share and receipt of an order; finally, as a mechanism for regulating the proportions of public production. In order to successfully operate in conditions of high competition in the market and to maintain the necessary level of competitiveness, enterprises and organizations master new types of services, introduce new forms of business, stimulate their employees and fight for the involvement of each client. When planning its activities, a company takes into account not only the needs of customers, but also the strategies of competitors. Based on the information obtained during the study of competition conditions, the company’s development strategy in the market is largely formed, and the general strategy of the enterprise goes the same way. Thus, a positive result in competition is achieved as a natural result of constant and competent management efforts. How positive this result will be depends largely on the competitiveness of the enterprise. The article discusses the essence of the concept of «competitiveness» as an economic category, analyzes various approaches to the definition of this concept and carries out an analysis of competitiveness of enterprise. Competitiveness is an important element concerning entering the market and keeping the enterprise’s positions at the market, especially in the context of pandemic and quarantine, so the topic under research is very relevant nowadays.
In order to achieve the goal of limiting the global average temperature increase by 2 °C in the Paris Agreement on climate change, the international community must make unprecedented changes to the ...current human lifestyle, energy and transportation system. Under such circumstances, the United States, China, India and other developing and developed countries have made remarkable progress in renewable energy production and trade. In order to systematically evaluate the international competitiveness of renewable energy products of the United States, China and India, the current study has built a new multi-dimensional evaluation index to estimate the international competitive edge of renewable energy products exported from these countries, by abandoning the traditional methods for measuring trade competitiveness and adopting the projection pursuit (PP), TOPSIS model and the improved weighting methodology. The results demonstrate that the overall international competitiveness of renewable energy products of the United States is very strong, whereas China and India have seen a rapid growth; and distinct differences exist in the component factors leading to the international competitiveness among the three countries. Based on these findings, this study has put forward corresponding policy implications.
•Built a new multi-dimensional evaluation index to estimate RE international competitiveness.•The new index overcomes the limitations of existing trade evaluation methods.•The overall renewable energy competitiveness of the United States is very strong.•Factors influencing RE competitiveness in these countries are significantly different.
The evaluation of tourism competitiveness is an important tool for analyzing the potential of tourism in a specific context. Enshi Autonomous Prefecture (EAP) in China is selected as a case through ...which to explore the potential of mountain tourism and its competitiveness in the tourism industry. This study develops EAP's mountain tourism competitiveness model focusing on three criteria: core competitiveness of mountain tourism, the economic environment's competitiveness, and infrastructure competitiveness. Context-specific customized evaluation index has been applied to data collected from EAP Statistical Yearbook for 2005-2014. The study reveals that the value of EAP's mountain tourism core competitiveness, economic and environmental competitiveness, and infrastructure competitiveness are 84.292, 13.4, and 2.308%, respectively. When tourism core competitiveness is increased by one unit, EAP's mountain tourism competitiveness will increase by 0.84292 units. Similarly, when economic environment competitiveness is increased by one unit, EAP's mountain tourism competitiveness will increase by 0.134 units. EAP's mountain tourism competitiveness increases by 0.02308 units when infrastructure competitiveness increases by one unit. The major reasons for low levels of competitiveness were lack of awareness of the county authority, a low level of cooperation, and weak infrastructure. The recommendations from the study's findings are as follows. Firstly, the county authority should appropriately improve the relationship between competition and cooperation, maintaining cooperation in competition, and competition in cooperation. Secondly, the county authority should strengthen communication by establishing an effective coordinated mechanism. Thirdly, the county authority should improve the sense of cooperation and jointly develop the mountain tourism market. Fourthly, the county authority should improve the construction of tourism infrastructure and break down the barriers to tourism cooperation. The study's findings help develop a "win-win" cooperation mechanism within the competition and support the sustainable development of the mountain tourism industry while reducing poverty and promoting the revitalization of the mountains of China.
Buckley et al.’s (J Int Bus Studi 38(4):499–518, 2007) pioneering work concluded that the determinants of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) from China were similar to those observed in ...developed countries – but with a few modifications. In this commentary, we suggest continuing their effort to understand what is distinctive about Chinese multinational enterprises (CMNEs). We look for underlying explanations that are analytically useful and potentially generalizable, unlike a firm’s nationality, which is a catch-all variable with no analytical value. Based on prior research and Ramamurti (Glob Strategy J 2(1):41–47, 2012a), we argue that the following variables help explain distinctive aspects of CMNE internationalization: (1) their “stage of evolution as a multinational enterprise,” with most CMNEs being infant MNEs rather than mature MNEs; (2) the “global context for internationalization,” which has helped CMNEs internationalize faster than it was possible in earlier decades; (3) “government-created advantages,” which complemented China’s natural endowments and for the most part improved CMNEs’international competitiveness; and (4) “leapfrogging advantage,” which allowed late-mover Chinese firms to gain a competitive advantage in smokestack industries and some sunrise industries. These variables may also explain the behavior of MNEs from other emerging economies and are therefore candidates for inclusion in general models of the internationalization process.
In this paper, the potential of the World Economic Forum (WEF) model to analyze tourism competitiveness is studied. The study aims to analyze the WEF model’s validity, reliability and dimensionality. ...It attempts to determine the WEF model’s potential for studying tourism destinations’ competitiveness in an integrated context. Finally, using the WEF model, Portugal’s competitiveness is analyzed in an integrated and benchmarking context. The methodology used in this study is the Rasch mathematical model, a methodology that has been effectively demonstrated in social sciences. Competitiveness data from the latest available WEF Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report (TTCR-2019) has been used. The results show that the WEF model is statistically valid and reliable for studying competitiveness in tourism. Likewise, the WEF model’s high potential for the joint study of competitiveness and individual countries in an integrated and benchmarking context is confirmed. The study facilitates the development of policies to improve tourism competitiveness.
Globalisation and changes to the world economy have brought new challenges and opportunities for many industries, including the sawmill industry. This has led to a need to evaluate the ...competitiveness of South Africa's sawmilling industry by studying the factors affecting competitiveness in other sawmill industries. The review evaluated published research on sawmill industry competitiveness to identify and address the research gaps in the literature. The systematic literature review implemented a PRISMA protocol. Sankey diagrams showed the relationships between the factors driving change and those affecting competitiveness. The results showed that most factors affecting and driving industry competitiveness were similar. The reviewed papers pointed to the availability of wood, formation of clusters, policy implications, level of innovation and employment conditions as the factors affecting industry competitiveness. The research findings corresponded to some of the early ideas presented by Michael Porter on industry competitiveness. The research will guide future research on the South African sawmill industry.
This study aims to determine the factor of women entrepreneurship and analyze publication trends by knowing the number of articles, citations, most authors, and network clusters. This research is the ...first step to looking at existing research and finding research themes related to women's entrepreneurship. The method used is bibliometric analysis. Data was obtained through a database search, google scholar, by using the software Harzing's Publish or Perish. Initial results obtained as many as 509 articles were then extracted by only taking articles from reputable international publishers, so 72 articles were used. The study results show that the most frequently cited authors are Fauzi et al. (2020). Words often appear: women, entrepreneurship, women entrepreneur, women entrepreneurship, and studies. Bibliometric mapping supports the scientific explanation between probability theory and proof. Women's research Entrepreneurship can be developed more broadly on themes that appear few and have yet to be widely included in research in the last five years. Therefore, this research is expected to be a reference for further research on problems, training, challenges, cases, and rural women.
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