A concern for fairness is a fundamental and universal element of morality. To examine the extent to which cultural norms are integrated into fairness cognitions and influence social preferences ...regarding equality and equity, a large sample of children (N 2,163) aged 4–11 were tested in 13 diverse countries. Children participated in three versions of a third‐party, contextualized distributive justice game between two hypothetical recipients differing in terms of wealth, merit, and empathy. Social decision‐making in these games revealed universal age‐related shifts from equality‐based to equity‐based distribution motivations across cultures. However, differences in levels of individualism and collectivism between the 13 countries predicted the age and extent to which children favor equity in each condition. Children from the most individualistic cultures endorsed equitable distributions to a greater degree than children from more collectivist cultures when recipients differed in regards to wealth and merit. However, in an empathy context where recipients differed in injury, children from the most collectivist cultures exhibited greater preferences to distribute resource equitably compared to children from more individualistic cultures. Children from the more individualistic cultures also favored equitable distributions at an earlier age than children from more collectivist cultures overall. These results demonstrate aspects of both cross‐cultural similarity and divergence in the development of fairness preferences.
Children's allocation decisions compared across cultures with a distributive justice game that varies in condition (wealth, merit, and empathy condition) shows differences between individualistic and collectivist countries.
Singer intended for neurodiversity to be a new category of intersectionality. However, intersectionality has been neglected in autism research and practice. This paper aims to inform an ...intersectional approach to autism by exploring autistic identity development in relation to other marginalized identities. We reviewed literature about neurodiversity, intersectionality, discrimination, and the identity development of autistic people, racial/ethnic minorities, and gender and sexual minorities. We discuss minority stress and evidence that cultural traditions alleviate it. Autistic culture can reframe personal difficulties as a politicized struggle. While the stereotype of autism is one of withdrawal, the history of autistic people coming together for justice defies this notion. Intersectionality teaches us that we must understand differences within the autistic community if we wish to help all autistic people experience the dignity they deserve. Using an intersectional lens, we can become more flexible in our understanding of positive autistic identity development and strategies to promote it.
In a policymaking climate characterized by the devolution of responsibilities from the state to local level and the decrease in state funding of municipal projects, state and local actors across the ...U.S. turn to culture as a revenue-generating strategy. Positioning the cultural field in this role means that new actors and logics govern the field, making for tensions between multiple levels of cultural landscaping. We know a great deal about how large cities navigate tensions emerging from growth politics, but little about how groups in small cities receive and use formal, state-initiated cultural development programs. To understand small-city power relations and arts-oriented development, I draw on James C. Scott's theory of "everyday resistance." An analysis of fieldnotes and in-depth interviews with local cultural actors in two small-city cultural districts illustrates the "everyday resistance" they use to navigate tensions. This paper uncovers the nuanced strategies small-city cultural actors use to disrupt growth politics, at times, harmonizing with extralocal agendas, but also modifying and circumventing them to meet community needs.
Culture plays a pivotal role in adaptive and maladaptive development. However, culture remains disconnected from theory, research, training, assessment, and interventions in developmental ...psychopathology, limiting our understanding of the genesis and epigenesis of mental health. Cultural development and psychopathology research can help overcome this limitation by focusing on the elucidation of cultural risk, protective, and promotive factors, at the individual and social levels, that initiate, derail, or maintain trajectories of normal and abnormal behavior. The goal of this Special Issue is to showcase research on the association between culture, development, and psychopathology that investigates equifinality and multifinality in cultural development, the interplay between culture and biology, cultural assessment and interventions, and cultural differences and similarities.
Chengdu should promote its cultural development as a global city, for this move can help raise its international profile, strengthen its urban culture as soft power, give consideration to both the ...“hard environment” and “soft services” in building its urban culture, and ultimately meet the quality requirements of a global city in all respects. While drawing on the successful experience and practices of top global cities, Chengdu should base itself on the unique resources and reality, explore the profound urban culture, and take its urban culture global in a bid to develop into a renowned cultural city of international influence.
This research paper comprises a detailed view of the development of cultural tourism in Ukraine and the key principles are also analyzed transparently in this research study. The purpose of this ...article is the finding out about the economy and the strength of Ukraine in the field of tourism. The survey has been conducted for seeing what changes and innovations are required in the tourism industry for increasing the economy of the country. The results demonstrate a clear idea about the core principles of creative thinking that have been implemented to develop cultural tourism in Ukraine. For a detailed discussion, four thematic analyses have been mentioned and three surveys have been made and analyzed. The research methodology is actually based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the result of assessing the role of professionalism in tourism and hospitality and for training the employees for a better economy. The special survey has been done as a quantitative method and the theme has been used as a qualitative tool for analysis. Results actually demonstrated the research very well and showed that there is a need for an increase in technology. The innovation in technology leads to the growth in revenue and economy in the market globally. Inadequate communication has been found to be a gap that slows down cultural development, so communication also needs to be increased for better interaction with tourists. The practical significance of the result lies in the fact that the use of the proposed methodology is appropriate for application in the process of managing the sphere of tourism at the national level.
Abstract
Children's participation in the social structure from the first stages of life shapes not only their development but also how they learn to become well‐adjusted members of their cultural ...environment. In the presented study, using focal‐follow and participatory observation, we depict the reality in early and middle childhood (
N
= 23; ages 2–7) of Yurakare children living in Bolivia's Amazonian area. We attempt to determine whether the facets of the LOPI model (Learning by Observing and Pitching in) proposed by Rogoff are represented in the everyday way of life of Yurakare children. This is the first systematic, quantitative study of children's social environment and practice in this Indigenous community. The results show that the practices of the Yurakare people are based on two things: (1) inclusion of all ages in community life, which cultivates children to engage in useful activities even while having fun; (2) the primacy of mature activities, which is in line with the LOPI model.
To avoid tourism becoming an extractive industry, communities must develop capacity to participate and assume ownership of decision-making processes for it. This article explores the connections ...among community-based cultural practices, individual and community capacity and sustainable tourism. Along with personal observation and review of relevant archival data, we conducted interviews with a sample of individuals from a community cultural development organization in a single industry town in Central Appalachia. Our case analysis suggested that Community Cultural Development methods can enhance community capacity and the sustainability of tourism by increasing residents' effective participation in decision-making, encouraging locals' partnership in, and ownership of, tourism projects and providing space for negotiating the tourist gaze in guest-host relationships.
•Community cultural development activities can enhance individual/community capacity.•Community cultural development augments sense of belonging and commitment to groups.•Increased community capacity can lead to more sustainable community-based tourism.•Agential communities can develop stronger participation in, and ownership of, tourism.•Community capacity boosts cross-sectoral partnerships to pursue shared goals.
A arte urbana corresponde a um movimento artístico emergente, que transita entre o espaço mediático, o espaço artístico e o espaço público urbano. A enorme visibilidade e o sucesso que adquiriu nos ...últimos anos gerou um certo consenso quanto à sua relevância na cidade contemporânea. A arte urbana é, cada vez mais, uma presença assídua na paisagem de diferentes cidades globais. Neste âmbito, as autarquias têm recorrido à arte urbana como ferramenta para alcançarem determinados objectivos, de índole cultural, económica ou turística. A este respeito, um dos dispositivos mais utilizados é o dos festivais de arte urbana, que se inscrevem num processo mais alargado de festivalização da cultura. Neste artigo discutiremos de forma crítica esta questão, partindo de uma revisão extensa da literatura e de dados empíricos recolhidos através de diversos projectos científicos, com particular ênfase na Área Metropolitana de Lisboa.
Cultural development is often reflected in the emotional expression of various cultural carriers, such as literary works, movies, etc. Therefore, the cultural development can be analyzed through ...emotion analysis of the text, so as to sort out its context and obtain its development dynamics. This paper proposes a text emotion analysis method based on deep learning. The traditional neural network model mainly deals with the classification task of short texts in the form of word vectors, which causes the model to rely too much on the accuracy of word segmentation. In addition, the short texts have the characteristics of short corpus and divergent features. A text emotion classification model combing the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) is developed in this work. First, the BERT model is used to convert the trained text into a word-based vector representation. Then, the generated word vector is employed as the input of the BiLSTM to obtain the semantic representation of the context of the relevant word. By adding random dropout, the mechanism prevents the model from overfitting. Finally, the extracted feature vector is input to the fully connected layer, and the emotion category to which the text belongs is calculated through the Softmax function. Experiments show that in processing short texts, the proposed model based on BERT-BiLSTM is more accurate and reliable than the traditional neural network model using word vectors. The proposed method has a better analysis effect on the development of western culture.
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