DNA nanotechnology provides a toolbox for creating custom and precise nanostructures with nanometer-level accuracy. These nano-objects are often static by nature and serve as versatile templates for ...assembling various molecular components in a user-defined way. In addition to the static structures, the intrinsic programmability of DNA nanostructures allows the design of dynamic devices that can perform predefined tasks when triggered with external stimuli, such as drug delivery vehicles whose cargo display or release can be triggered with a specified physical or chemical cue in the biological environment. Here, we present a DNA origami nanocapsule that can be loaded with cargo and reversibly opened and closed by changing the pH of the surrounding solution. Moreover, the threshold pH value for opening/closing can be rationally designed. We characterize the reversible switching and a rapid opening of “pH-latch”-equipped nanocapsules using Förster resonance energy transfer. Furthermore, we demonstrate the full cycle of capsule loading, encapsulation, and displaying the payload using metal nanoparticles and functional enzymes as cargo mimics at physiologically relevant ion concentrations.
DNA origami, a promising branch of structural DNA technology, refers to the technique of folding a single‐stranded DNA scaffold into well‐defined nanostructures. In recent years, DNA origami ...nanostructures have shown considerable promise in a variety of biomedical applications, owing to their biodegradability, unique programmability, and addressability. Despite their popularity, the biomedical application of DNA origami techniques, which exploits their unique programmability and addressability, is rare in previous studies. Most recently, mounting evidence has demonstrated the robustness of DNA origami nanostructures in the spatial organization of functional components at the nanoscale in the biomedical field. These examples provide typical paradigms to fully realize the potential of DNA origami techniques by taking advantage of their unique programmability and addressability. This minireview summarizes the recent advancements of DNA origami techniques in biosensing, biocatalysis, and drug delivery, and the representative examples using DNA origami nanostructures for the spatial organization of functional molecules with nanometric precision are highlighted. We further discuss the possible limitations and challenges for in vivo applications, including stability issues and potential immunogenicity, and finally, propose some strategies to overcome these obstacles to fully realize the potential of DNA origami techniques in biomedical applications.
DNA origami technology. (A) Schematic shows the fabrication process of classic DNA origami nanostructures. (B) Representative two‐dimensional DNA origami shapes. (C) Representative three‐dimensional multilayered DNA origami nanostructures.
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•In the development of cancer nanomedicines, DNA nanostructures are attractive.•The recent developments in the application of aptamer-based DNA origami in advanced cancer treatment ...have been highlighted.•The opportunities and problems for targeted DNA aptamer-based nanocarriers for medicinal applications have been discussed.•The research around aptamer-integrated DNA origami nanostructures will open new insight toward engineering nanomaterials.
Due to the limitations of conventional cancer treatment methods, nanomedicine has appeared as a promising alternative, allowing improved drug targeting and decreased drug toxicity. In the development of cancer nanomedicines, among various nanoparticles (NPs), DNA nanostructures are more attractive because of their precisely controllable size, shape, excellent biocompatibility, programmability, biodegradability, and facile functionalization. Aptamers are introduced as single-stranded RNA or DNA molecules with recognize their corresponding targets. So, incorporating aptamers into DNA nanostructures led to influential vehicles for bioimaging and biosensing as well as targeted cancer therapy. In this review, the recent developments in the application of aptamer-based DNA origami and DNA nanostructures in advanced cancer treatment have been highlighted. Some of the main methods of cancer treatment are classified as chemo-, gene-, photodynamic- and combined therapy. Finally, the opportunities and problems for targeted DNA aptamer-based nanocarriers for medicinal applications have also been discussed.
The circular ssDNA genome originating from the bacterial phage phiX174 is efficiently packaged into an icosahedral DNA nanoframe to form a virus mimetic particle, which can passively infect the host ...E. coli bacteria through cell uptake. The structural rigidity, integrity, permeability, and programmability of the nanoframe are key features in the genome packaging and E. coli infection process, as reported by Yang Yang and co‐workers in their Research Article (e202214731).
High resolution patterning on the nanoscale could be accomplished by bridging the fields of DNA origami methodology and photoinitiated polymerizations. The system presented by D. Y. W. Ng, T. Weil et ...al. in their Communication on page 6144 benefits from visible light as an external stimulus as well as the precision of DNA origami objects. The installation of irradiation‐sensitive reaction centers on the 3D origami platform allows spatiotemporal control over polydopamine formation.
DNA origami structures have great potential as functional platforms in various biomedical applications. Many applications, however, are incompatible with the high Mg2+ concentrations commonly ...believed to be a prerequisite for maintaining DNA origami integrity. Herein, we investigate DNA origami stability in low‐Mg2+ buffers. DNA origami stability is found to crucially depend on the availability of residual Mg2+ ions for screening electrostatic repulsion. The presence of EDTA and phosphate ions may thus facilitate DNA origami denaturation by displacing Mg2+ ions from the DNA backbone and reducing the strength of the Mg2+–DNA interaction, respectively. Most remarkably, these buffer dependencies are affected by DNA origami superstructure. However, by rationally selecting buffer components and considering superstructure‐dependent effects, the structural integrity of a given DNA origami nanostructure can be maintained in conventional buffers even at Mg2+ concentrations in the low‐micromolar range.
The stability of DNA origami nanostructures in various Tris and phosphate‐based buffers was evaluated at residual Mg2+ concentrations in the low‐micromolar range. DNA origami stability was found to be crucially affected by the presence of EDTA and phosphate ions that may displace bound Mg2+ ions from the DNA backbone and reduce the strength of the Mg2+–DNA interaction, respectively. These effects furthermore depend on DNA origami superstructure.
Electrochemical sensing based on DNA nanotechnology Kogikoski, Sergio; Paschoalino, Waldemir J.; Cantelli, Lory ...
TrAC, Trends in analytical chemistry (Regular ed.),
September 2019, 2019-09-00, Letnik:
118
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Electrochemical sensing is one of the major areas in analytical chemistry, since it is easy, reliable, and cheap compared to other analytical techniques. In this way, using DNA to develop novel ...electrochemical sensing devices bring many advantages compared to other biomolecules. However, the electrochemical properties of DNA are still under discovery. Herein we show three different properties of DNA, which were already studied by electrochemistry, and that can be further explored: (1) the DNA conductivity, derived from the base pair stacking enabling DNA to be a molecular wire; (2) DNA computing, derived from the interaction between different DNA sequences enabling the performance of logic to perform analytical operations; and (3) DNA self-assembly, due to base pairing, DNA can form nanostructures that can provide better electrochemical control. Finally, some perspectives for the topic will be discussed, focusing mainly in the interdisciplinary use of DNA nanostructures in electrochemistry.
•DNA programmability is an essential property for DNA application in electroanalytical chemistry.•DNA is an interesting tool for creating novel functional bionanodevices for electroanalysis.•DNA can perform analytical calculations, opening opportunities in chemical computing.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecular carrier of genetic information that can be fabricated into functional nanomaterials in biochemistry and engineering fields. Those DNA nanostructures, ...synthesized via Watson-Crick base pairing, show a wide range of attributes along with excellent applicability, precise programmability, and extremely low cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. In this review, the applications of functionalized DNA nanostructures in bioimaging and tumor therapy are summarized. We focused on approaches involving DNA origami nanostructures due to their widespread use in previous and current reports. Non-DNA origami nanostructures such as DNA tetrahedrons are also covered. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives regarding DNA nanostructures in the biomedical arena are discussed.
Using the DNA origami technique, we constructed a DNA nanodevice functionalized with small interfering RNA (siRNA) within its inner cavity and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX), ...intercalated in the DNA duplexes. The incorporation of disulfide bonds allows the triggered mechanical opening and release of siRNA in response to intracellular glutathione (GSH) in tumors to knockdown genes key to cancer progression. Combining RNA interference and chemotherapy, the nanodevice induced potent cytotoxicity and tumor growth inhibition, without observable systematic toxicity. Given its autonomous behavior, exceptional designability, potent antitumor activity and marked biocompatibility, this DNA nanodevice represents a promising strategy for precise drug design for cancer therapy.
An autonomous tubular DNA nanodevice is constructed to deliver a chemotherapeutic drug and siRNAs. This nanodevice can realize on‐demand targeting, respond to stimuli in the intracellular environment and release multiple molecular payloads for combined antitumor activity.
3D DNA Origami Crystals Zhang, Tao; Hartl, Caroline; Frank, Kilian ...
Advanced materials (Weinheim)
30, Številka:
28
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
3D crystals assembled entirely from DNA provide a route to design materials on a molecular level and to arrange guest particles in predefined lattices. This requires design schemes that provide high ...rigidity and sufficiently large open guest space. A DNA‐origami‐based “tensegrity triangle” structure that assembles into a 3D rhombohedral crystalline lattice with an open structure in which 90% of the volume is empty space is presented here. Site‐specific placement of gold nanoparticles within the lattice demonstrates that these crystals are spacious enough to efficiently host 20 nm particles in a cavity size of 1.83 × 105 nm3, which would also suffice to accommodate ribosome‐sized macromolecules. The accurate assembly of the DNA origami lattice itself, as well as the precise incorporation of gold particles, is validated by electron microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments. The results show that it is possible to create DNA building blocks that assemble into lattices with customized geometry. Site‐specific hosting of nano objects in the optically transparent DNA lattice sets the stage for metamaterial and structural biology applications.
A DNA‐origami‐based triangle structure assembles into a 3D rhombohedral crystalline lattice. The accurate assembly of the DNA origami lattice itself as well as the precise incorporation of gold particles is demonstrated by electron microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments.
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