DNA nanotechnology offers a versatile toolbox for precise spatial and temporal manipulation of matter on the nanoscale. However, rendering DNA‐based systems responsive to light has remained ...challenging. Herein, we describe the remote manipulation of native (non‐photoresponsive) chiral plasmonic molecules (CPMs) using light. Our strategy is based on the use of a photoresponsive medium comprising a merocyanine‐based photoacid. Upon exposure to visible light, the medium decreases its pH, inducing the formation of DNA triplex links, leading to a spatial reconfiguration of the CPMs. The process can be reversed simply by turning the light off and it can be repeated for multiple cycles. The degree of the overall chirality change in an ensemble of CPMs depends on the CPM fraction undergoing reconfiguration, which, remarkably, depends on and can be tuned by the intensity of incident light. Such a dynamic, remotely controlled system could aid in further advancing DNA‐based devices and nanomaterials.
The spatial configuration and optical properties of non‐photoresponsive DNA‐origami‐based plasmonic assemblies can be controlled with light using a photoresponsive medium. Upon exposure to visible light, the medium's pH decreases, inducing the formation of DNA triplex links in the plasmonic assemblies, leading to their spatial reconfiguration, which can be reversed by turning the light off.
Delivery of biomolecules to plants relies on Agrobacterium infection or biolistic particle delivery, the former of which is amenable only to DNA delivery. The difficulty in delivering functional ...biomolecules such as RNA to plant cells is due to the plant cell wall, which is absent in mammalian cells and poses the dominant physical barrier to biomolecule delivery in plants. DNA nanostructure-mediated biomolecule delivery is an effective strategy to deliver cargoes across the lipid bilayer of mammalian cells; however, nanoparticle-mediated delivery without external mechanical aid remains unexplored for biomolecule delivery across the cell wall in plants. Herein, we report a systematic assessment of different DNA nanostructures for their ability to internalize into cells of mature plants, deliver siRNAs, and effectively silence a constitutively expressed gene in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We show that nanostructure internalization into plant cells and corresponding gene silencing efficiency depends on the DNA nanostructure size, shape, compactness, stiffness, and location of the siRNA attachment locus on the nanostructure. We further confirm that the internalization efficiency of DNA nanostructures correlates with their respective gene silencing efficiencies but that the endogenous gene silencing pathway depends on the siRNA attachment locus. Our work establishes the feasibility of biomolecule delivery to plants with DNA nanostructures and both details the design parameters of importance for plant cell internalization and also assesses the impact of DNA nanostructure geometry for gene silencing mechanisms.
Blood Glucose Monitoring
In article number 2208820, Qiao Jiang, Baoquan Ding, Yan Wu, Ran Liu, and co‐workers describe a fluorescence‐amplified origami microneedle (FAOM) device for quantitatively ...monitoring blood glucose. Through collaboratively integrating the advantages of fluorescence imaging, DNA origami, and the microneedle patch, the FAOM device can monitor blood glucose in real‐time in a trivially painful, highly sensitive and accurate manner, thus improving test tolerance and patient compliance.
Molecular traffic across lipid membranes is a vital process in cell biology that involves specialized biological pores with a great variety of pore diameters, from fractions of a nanometer to >30 nm. ...Creating artificial membrane pores covering similar size and complexity will aid the understanding of transmembrane molecular transport in cells, while artificial pores are also a necessary ingredient for synthetic cells. Here, we report the construction of DNA origami nanopores that have an inner diameter as large as 30 nm. We developed methods to successfully insert these ultrawide pores into the lipid membrane of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) by administering the pores concomitantly with vesicle formation in an inverted-emulsion cDICE technique. The reconstituted pores permit the transmembrane diffusion of large macromolecules, such as folded proteins, which demonstrates the formation of large membrane-spanning open pores. The pores are size selective, as dextran molecules with a diameter up to 28 nm can traverse the pores, whereas larger dextran molecules are blocked. By FRAP measurements and modeling of the GFP influx rate, we find that up to hundreds of pores can be functionally reconstituted into a single GUV. Our technique bears great potential for applications across different fields from biomimetics, to synthetic biology, to drug delivery.
DNA nanostructures with programmable nanoscale patterns has been achieved in the past decades, and molecular information coding (MIC) on those designed nanostructures has gained increasing attention ...for information security. However, achieving steganography and cryptography synchronously on DNA nanostructures remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrated MIC in a reconfigurable DNA origami domino array (DODA), which can reconfigure intrinsic patterns but keep the DODA outline the same for steganography. When a set of keys (DNA strands) are added, the cryptographic data can be translated into visible patterns within DODA. More complex cryptography with the ASCII code within a programmable 6×6 lattice is demonstrated to demosntrate the versatility of MIC in the DODA. Furthermore, an anti‐counterfeiting approach based on conformational transformation‐mediated toehold strand displacement reaction is designed to protect MIC from decoding and falsification.
The DNA Code: A novel steganography and cryptography molecular information coding (MIC) strategy in a reconfigurable DNA origami domino array (DODA) is demonstrated. This strategy opens new opportunities for high‐density information storage and information security against decoding, duplication, and forgery, overcoming the key difficulties in MIC technologies.
Leveraging DNA Origami to Study Phagocytosis Miller, Wyatt D; Kern, Nadja; Douglas, Shawn M ...
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.),
2023, Letnik:
2654
Journal Article
Many plasma membrane receptors and ligands form nanoscale clusters on the plasma membrane surface. However, methods for directly and precisely manipulating nanoscale protein localization are limited, ...making understanding the effects of this clustering difficult. DNA origami allows precise control over nanoscale protein localization with high fidelity and adaptability. Here, we describe how we have used this technique to study how nanoscale protein clustering affects phagocytosis. We provide protocols for conjugating DNA origami structures to supported lipid bilayer-coated beads to assay phagocytosis and planar glass coverslips for TIRF microscopy. The core aspects of this protocol can be translated to study other immune signaling pathways and should enable the implementation of previously inaccessible investigations.
Molecular chirality is a geometric property that is of great importance in chemistry, biology, and medicine. Recently, plasmonic nanostructures that exhibit distinct chiroptical responses have ...attracted tremendous interest, given their ability to emulate the properties of chiral molecules with tailored and pronounced optical characteristics. However, the optical chirality of such human‐made structures is in general static and cannot be manipulated postfabrication. Herein, different concepts to reconfigure the chiroptical responses of plasmonic nano‐ and micro‐objects are outlined. Depending on the utilized strategies and stimuli, the chiroptical signature, the 3D structural conformation, or both can be reconfigured. Optical devices based on plasmonic nanostructures with reconfigurable chirality possess great potential in practical applications, ranging from polarization conversion elements to enantioselective analysis, chiral sensing, and catalysis.
The chiroptical response of artificial metal nanostructures can be manipulated postfabrication. Different approaches to reconfigure the chiroptical spectral signature, the structural conformation of the plasmonic systems, or both, are presented. The discussed concepts have the potential to serve as key elements in future optical systems and chiral sensing.
Metallic nanocube ensembles exhibit tunable localized surface plasmon resonance to induce the light manipulation at the subwavelength scale. Nevertheless, precisely control anisotropic metallic ...nanocube ensembles with relative spatial directionality remains a challenge. Here, we report a DNA origami based nanoprinting (DOBNP) strategy to transfer the essential DNA strands with predefined sequences and positions to the surface of the gold nanocubes (AuNCs). These DNA strands ensured the specific linkages between AuNCs and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that generating the stereo‐controlled AuNC‐AuNP nanostructures (AANs) with controlled geometry and composition. By anchoring the single dye molecule in hot spot regions, the dramatic enhanced electromagnetic field aroused stronger surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signal amplification. Our approach opens the opportunity for the fabrication of stereo‐controlled metal nanostructures for designing highly sensitive photonic devices.
DNA origami‐based nanoprinting can transfer DNA strands with predefined sequences and positions to gold nanocube surfaces to create the stereo‐controlled metallic nanostructures with controlled geometry and composition. By anchoring the single dye molecule in hot spot regions, the dramatic enhanced electromagnetic field aroused stronger SERS signal amplification.
DNA Origami: The Art of Folding DNA Saccà, Barbara; Niemeyer, Christof M.
Angewandte Chemie (International ed.),
January 2, 2012, Letnik:
51, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The advent of DNA origami technology greatly simplified the design and construction of nanometer‐sized DNA objects. The self‐assembly of a DNA‐origami structure is a straightforward process in which ...a long single‐stranded scaffold (often from the phage M13mp18) is folded into basically any desired shape with the help of a multitude of short helper strands. This approach enables the ready generation of objects with an addressable surface area of a few thousand nm2 and with a single “pixel” resolution of about 6 nm. The process is rapid, puts low demands on experimental conditions, and delivers target products in high yields. These features make DNA origami the method of choice in structural DNA nanotechnology when two‐ and three‐dimensional objects are desired. This Minireview summarizes recent advances in the design of DNA origami nanostructures, which open the door to numerous exciting applications.
Know when to fold ′em: As in the ancient art of paper folding, where a single sheet of paper is modeled into beautiful shapes, DNA origami technology allows nanoscale‐addressable objects to be created from one single strand of DNA (see picture).
Cytokine immunotherapy represents an attractive strategy to stimulate robust immune responses for renal injury repair in ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI). However, its clinical application is ...hindered by its nonspecificity to kidney, short circulation half-life, and severe side effects. An ideal cytokine immunotherapy for AKI requires preferential delivery of cytokines with accurate dosage to the kidney and sustained-release of cytokines to stimulate the immune responses. Herein, we developed a DNA nanoraft cytokine by precisely arranging interleukin-33 (IL-33) nanoarray on rectangle DNA origami, through which IL-33 can be preferentially delivered to the kidney for alleviation of AKI. A nanoraft carrying precisely quantified IL-33 predominantly accumulated in the kidney for up to 48 h. Long-term sustained-release of IL-33 from nanoraft induced rapid expansion of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC 2s) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and achieved better treatment efficiency compared to free IL-33 treatment. Thus, our study demonstrates that a nanoraft can serve as a structurally well-defined delivery platform for cytokine immunotherapy in ischemic AKI and other renal diseases.
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