Polarization is a totalizing political tool. While the us versus them division has long fueled political competition, polarization is taking systemic struggle to the next level. Polarization divides ...the political landscape into two camps, where a compromise can only be found within a given group. The political scene in 21st century Europe is polarized. However, how does this situation affect European values and democratic principles of the rule of law, which protect the stability of democratic systems? Is a polarized state a place where citizens can fully enjoy the benefits of democracy? Can a polarized society reconcile political conflict with democratic values? The article analyzes the phenomenon of political polarization in theoretical terms related to the democratic principles, both classical and those of the contemporary liberal democracies. At the same time, using the example of Poland and other countries, the effects of polarizing actions and their impact on the internal political scene and the social situation are shown.
Democracia: Hitos y Retos Díaz-Cano, Eduardo; Tardivo, Giuliano
Anduli : revista andaluza de ciencias sociales,
2022
21
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
La democracia tiene tras de sí una larga historia, pero todavía no se ha constituido de forma plena y completa, presentando importantes fisuras entre lo que se espera de ella y cómo se ha puesto en ...práctica. Este trabajo se interesa por las formas de democracia y sus titubeos históricos desde Mesopotamia hasta Silicon Valley, pasando por el resurgir de la Revolución Francesa y sus efectos. El objetivo es analizar cómo se ha materializado la democracia en diferentes épocas con casos que ilustran estas variaciones. Se utiliza el método histórico-comparativo y la recogida de datos consiste en recabar indicios de “democracia” desde la Antigüedad hasta nuestros días, mediante revisión bibliográfica de las aportaciones de autores de diversas especialidades. Los resultados son diversos y la introducción de la democracia coincide históricamente como respuesta a situaciones contradictorias y negativas para gran parte de la población. Se concluye que tampoco en el siglo XXI la democracia lo ha conseguido y, si bien sigue siendo el mejor instrumento, los desafíos siguen presentes y la misma idea resulta ser cuestionada en un mundo de democracias.
The world's largest democracy is found in India. Public trust in government is the foundation of democratic governments. A truly democratic society is facilitated by the accessibility of information ...in the public sphere. Information sharing between the government and the general public encourages public discourse. It aids in educating the populace about a transparent and responsible public sphere. According to social scientists, public involvement is essential for participatory development in a democracy. RTI is a key tool for empowering citizens in this context. In all areas of public life, including political, administrative, development, and economic issues, it has been used by citizens. It is rightfully putting pressure on the decision-maker to follow the principles of public welfare.In the history of Indian democracy, the Right to Information Act of 2005 is a landmark law. On June 15, 2005, the Parliament approved the law, which became operative on October 12, 2005. "The Act aims to encourage accountability and transparency. According to the law, public authorities are required to give citizens the information they request. The Official Secrets Act, passed in 1889 and amended in 1923, previously restricted the release of information; it has since been replaced by the RTI Act, 2005.This research paper tries to focus on the Background, Need for the RTI Act,Objectives of the RTI Act, Major provisions of the RTI Act, the Latest Amendment in the RTI Act, Major Drawbacks and Difficulties in the implementation of this law, and finally How the right to information can be made effective so that democracy can be protected and the rights of the people can be provided, for this some suggestions have also been given regarding strengthening the right to information.
The political institutions under which we live today evolved from a revolutionary idea that shook the world in the second part of the eighteenth century: that a people should govern itself. Yet if we ...judge contemporary democracies by the ideals of self-government, equality and liberty, we find that democracy is not what it was dreamt to be. This book addresses central issues in democratic theory by analyzing the sources of widespread dissatisfaction with democracies around the world. With attention throughout to historical and cross-national variations, the focus is on the generic limits of democracy in promoting equality, effective participation, control of governments by citizens, and liberty. The conclusion is that although some of this dissatisfaction has good reasons, some is based on an erroneous understanding of how democracy functions. Hence, although the analysis identifies the limits of democracy, it also points to directions for feasible reforms.
Nicole Curato é professora associada no Centre for Deliberative Democracy and Global Governance, na Universidade de Camberra, na Austrália. Nos últimos anos, fez numerosas contribuições teóricas e ...empíricas para a pesquisa deliberativa, publicando os livros Power in Deliberative Democracy (2019, em coautoria com Marit Hammond e John Min) e Democracy in a Time of Misery (CURATO, 2019), uma extensa etnografia sobre como a vida pública foi reconstruída no sequência de um tufão mortal nas Filipinas. Nicole também tem colaborado para as discussões sobre populismo e democracia. Nesta conversa, Nicole discute os últimos avanços nos estudos sobre democracia deliberativa, incluindo a ampliação da diversidade de questões abordadas por esse campo de pesquisa, as relações entre poder e deliberação, a intensificação de experimentos deliberativos com minipúblicos e a importância de abordagens etnográficas para a pesquisa democrática.
Nicole Curato is an Associate Professor at the Centre for Deliberative Democracy and Global Governance, at the University of Canberra, Australia. In recent years she has made numerous theoretical and empirical contributions to deliberative research, publishing the books Power in Deliberative Democracy (2019, co-authored with Marit Hammond and John Min) and Democracy in a Time of Misery (CURATO, 2019), an extensive ethnography on how public life is rebuilt in the aftermath of a deadly typhoon in the Philippines. She has also made important contributions to the discussions on populism and democracy. In this conversation, she discusses the latest developments in the study of deliberative democracy including the greater emphasis on diversity in the field, the relationship between power and deliberation, the intensification of experiments with deliberative minipublics and the importance of ethnographic approaches to democratic research, among others.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Tendo por horizonte o conceito de "novo tempo do mundo" empregado por Paulo Arantes para pensar a política contemporânea, esse artigo retoma a dimensão espacial pela qual Schmitt trata o direito das ...gentes. Seu objetivo é destacar a espacialidade como modo de desenhar o sistema de equilíbrio intraeuropeu entre Estados, cuja soberania garante um tratamento interestatal pautado pela igualdade, garantia de neutralidade e esvaziamento do conteúdo normativo dos respectivos pleitos caso entrem em guerra, reduzida à condição de formalidade jurídica. Passo seguinte, mediante extração de sentidos temporalizada que reponha alguns traços do poder contemporâneo norte-americano, a meta de repor um estranho caso da conjunção entre exceção e democracia toma como assunto os impactos geopolíticos, tendo por objeto um Estado que impõe aos demais (1) o que entenda ser a exceção e a regra, (2) limites e brechas à política, (3) relação entre os estados (4) captura das dimensões populares de participação política por uma lógica política que busca eternizar, não só normativamente, os interesses da potência do "destino manifesto". O texto encerra-se com algumas notas sobre o ponto de fuga temporal como modo de destacar os impasses à ação de governar e à luta política. Palavras-chave: novo tempo do mundo--soberano estatal--poder norte-americano--direito das gentes--presente eterno--espaços livres de direito Taking as an horizon the concept of "new time of the world" employed by Paulo Arantes about contemporary politics, this article takes up the spatial dimension in which Schmitt treats the people's rights. Its objective is to highlight spatiality as a way of designing the system of intra-European balance between States, whose sovereignty guarantees an interstate treatment based on equality, guarantee of neutrality and emptying of the normative content of the respective claims if they enter into war, reduced to the condition of legal formality. Next step, through the extraction of temporalized meanings that restore some traces of contemporary American power, the goal of replacing a strange case of the conjunction between exception and democracy takes as its subject the geopolitical impacts when a State imposes on others what have to be the exception and the rule, limits and loopholes to politics, relationship between states by a political logic that seeks to perpetuate, not only normatively, the interests of the power of "manifest destiny". The text ends with some notes on the temporal vanishing point as a way of highlighting the impasses in governing action and political struggle. Keywords: new time of the world--state sovereign--US power--people's rights--eternal present --free spaces of law
O presente artigo pretendeu identificar o lugar da democracia na literatura sobre as cidades inteligentes, segundo o pressuposto de que a política democrática representa urna forma inteligente de ...solucionar, segundo criterios institucionais e legáis, as disputas que ocorrem no territorio. Para tanto, efetuou urna revisâo sistemática de literatura (RSL), cujos resultados indicam um caminho ainda a ser percorrido para identificar urna relaçâo forte entre um tema e outro. Com isso, buscou construir inferencias a partir da aproximaçâo de referencias bibliográficas dos dois temas. O resultado apontou que há um enorme campo de possibilidades de análise sobre o assunto. Palavras-chave: cidades inteligentes; democracia; revisâo de literatura. This article intended to identify the place of democracy in the literature on smart cities, according to the assumption that democratic politics represents an intelligent way of solving, according to institutional and legal criteria, disputes that occur in the territory. Through a Systematic Review, the results indicate a long way to identify a strong relationship between the themes. With this, it sought to build inferences from the approximation of bibliographic references of the two themes. The result pointed out that there is a huge field of analysis possibilities on the theme. Keywords: smart cities; democracy; literature review.
É conhecida a ênfase de pensadores dos séculos XVII e XVIII na defesa da noção de tolerância religiosa. Hoje tida como um dos sustentáculos do estado democrático de direito, as discussões em torno da ...tolerância conheceram um longo percurso até o seu reconhecimento como virtude cívica. O propósito do artigo é discutir as noções de opinião e obstinação sob a perspectiva da política e da filosofia, especialmente nas obras de John Locke e Pierre Bayle. A conclusão mostra que este debate traz reflexões fecundas capazes de iluminar certos debates políticos contemporâneos, mais precisamente a onipresença da violência material e simbólica gerada pela obstinação e pela disseminação de fundamentalismos nas redes sociais. Palavras-Chave: opinião, obstinação, liberdade, razão, democracia. The emphasis of twenty-seventh and eighteenth-century thinkers to defend religious tolerance is well known. Today, considered one of the mainstays of the democratic rule of law, discussions about tolerance went a long way towards its recognition as a civic virtue. The purpose of the article is to discuss the notions of opinion and obstinacy from the perspective of politics and philosophy, especially in the works of John Locke and Pierre Bayle. The conclusion shows that this debate brings fruitful reflections capable of enlightening certain contemporary political debates, more precisely the omnipresence of material and symbolic violence generated by the obstinacy and by the dissemination of fundamentalisms in social networks. Keywords: opinion, obstinacy, freedom, reason, democracy.
Major study of the role of European Christian democratic parties in the making of the European Union. It radically re-conceptualises European integration in long-term historical perspective as the ...outcome of partisan competition of political ideologies and parties and their guiding ideas for the future of Europe. Wolfram Kaiser takes a comparative approach to political Catholicism in the nineteenth century, Catholic parties in interwar Europe and Christian democratic parties in postwar Europe and studies these parties' cross-border contacts and co-ordination of policy-making. He shows how well networked party elites ensured that the origins of European Union were predominately Christian democratic, with considerable repercussions for the present-day EU. The elites succeeded by intensifying their cross-border communication and coordinating their political tactics and policy making in government. This is a major contribution to the new transnational history of Europe and the history of European integration.
Across the transatlantic area and, indeed, across the democratic world, democracy is under strain from domestic and external factors, while throughout the world, authoritarian and totalitarian forces ...continue to quash people’s desire for freedom and human dignity. In this context, this article takes stock of the ongoing challenges, and argues for a renewed transatlantic agenda that returns to the spirit of President Ronald Reagan’s 1982 Westminster Speech. It should achieve this by developing an ambitious programme that defends democracy within the transatlantic area and supports people’s desire for freedom globally, while avoiding the dogmatic approaches and ossification that have characterised democracy promotion over the past two decades.
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