Eva Hajdinová.
Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The study presents an empirical analysis of the risky practice of illegal marriage and baptism among Huguenots in 18th century France, drawing on ...contemporary pamphlets to trace the problematic evolution of French Calvinist inheritance law - a process that played a decisive part in efforts to relegalize Calvinism in the kingdom. Agitators for the reformed church pursued two main lines of argument: Calvinist pastors, both within the country and in exile, made increasingly active use of Enlightenment philosophical discourse that condemned religious intolerance. At the same time, especially from the 1760s on, pamphleteers emphasized the social and economic importance of the Huguenot upper class. Together, these arguments helped overcome received ideas about the risk of an anti‐state "protestant conspiracy" organized by the exile community ("conjuration de l’étranger Huguenot"), which was in turn linked to the financial power of the Huguenot banking families that had been a leitmotif of criticism since the 16th century. Instead, a positive image of the Calvinists’ social contribution was presented, stressing their usefulness and loyalty to state and sovereign. Among their supporters at court were the lawyers and ministers de Breuil and de Malesherbes, who eventually succeeded in pushing through reforms.
U ovom se radu bavimo diskurzom fotografije i odnosom između diskurzivnih i figurativnih registara u prirodnom jeziku. Veza između dva registra je metafora. Granice diskurza fotografije su jezik ...fotografije i fotografski jezik. Pojam diskurza fotografije nije puka leksičko-lingvistička činjenica. Niti je on pitanje prevođenja vizualnih kategorija u verbalne. Diskurz fotografije je predmet nove discipline: diskurzivne stilistike. Diskurz fotografije razvija slikovne modele referiranja, uvodi vizualni režim u jezik, i uvlači u prikazivanje dimenziju predočavanja. Posljedica je da se sve ono što se ne može prikazati/iskazati prenosi u polje predočivog/vidljivog. Ustvari, cijeli sustav diskurzivnih ograničenja postaje vidljiv. Slika kao nešto što uzvraća pogled postaje mjesto panoptičkog nadgledanja polja označitelja: glas i pogled se susreću u pismu. Ovakav dvojaki pojam reprezentacije nastojimo opravdati njegovom primjenom na granične fenomene kao što su egzil, nacija, pamćenje i identitet.
Rad se u vidu propedeutičkog uvoda zanima izgradnjom specifičnog diskurza onih zona i entiteta (konceptualno neovisnih o opipljivoj prostornosti) koji su zbog svoje opazljive međusnosti ...(in-betweenness) i procesualne prirode u kulturalnoj i književnoj povijesti opisivani kao liminalni. Prividna motrenja drugog reda omogućila su nastanak posebnih autoreferencijalnih percepcija i/ili opisa liminalne posebnosti. Ti se fenomeni, kao konstitutivni čimbenici, obično ugrađuju u širi (liminalni) diskurz koji postaje zagledanim u sebe i prividno svjesnim vlastita položaja – (meta)liminalnim.
Ist es zulässig, sich bei der Suche nach der Wahrheit auf den Wert des Guten zu berufen? Richard Rudner behauptet: Ja, weil Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen bei der Bestimmung der ...erforderlichen Beweiskraft auch die gesellschaftlichen Folgen eines möglichen Irrtums berücksichtigen. Wenn wir jedoch die Wertefreiheit der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnis als Forderung nach einer bevorzugten, nicht jedoch exklusiven Stellung epistemischer Kriterien auffassen, dann widerspricht Rudners Anmerkung dem nicht, sondern bekräftigt dies sogar. Die Argumentationssequenz, in der wir die Haltbarkeit einer Hypothese oder Theorie auf der Grundlage epistemischer Kriterien beurteilen, ist eine Andere, als die Sequenz, in der wir die Eignung der epistemischen Kriterien selbst beurteilen. Für eine Wertefreiheit der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnis ist entscheidend, dass Wissenschaftler und Wissenschaftlerinnen nicht willkürlich zwischen diesen Sequenzen hin und her wechseln.
Je prípustné dovolávať sa hodnoty dobra pri hľadaní pravdy? Richard Rudner tvrdí, že áno, pretože vedci a vedkyne pri stanovovaní miery potrebnej sily dôkazu berú do úvahy aj spoločenské následky ich prípadného omylu. Pokiaľ však bezhodnotovosť vedeckého poznávania chápeme ako požiadavku na prednostné, a nie výlučné postavenie epistemických kritérií, potom Rudnerov postreh ju nepopiera, ale potvrdzuje. Argumentačná sekvencia, v ktorej posudzujeme udržateľnosť hypotézy či teórie na základe epistemických kritérií, je iná ako sekvencia, v ktorej posudzujeme vhodnosť samotných epistemických kritérií. Pre bezhodnotovosť vedeckého poznávania je kľúčové, aby vedci a vedkyne medzi týmito sekvenciami neskákali svojvoľne.
Can scientists invoke the value of good when seeking the truth? Richard Rudner claims they can because when they are setting the degree of the sufficient strength of scientific evidence, they take into consideration the social consequences of their eventual errors. However, as far as we conceive value-free science as a requirement for the privileged, not exclusive, status of epistemic values, then Rudner’s insight does not refute but rather confirms it. A reasoning sequence in which we scrutinize the tenability of a hypothesis or a theory based on epistemic criteria is different from a sequence in which we scrutinize the epistemic criteria themselves. For value-free science, scientists must not swing between these two sequences arbitrarily.
Our paper is focused on reflecting and describing some aspects of political discourse in the Italian political community. Its aim is to identify, analyse and interpret examples of political ...metaphorical expressions introduced by Italian politicians that have become emblematic and have entered common Italian discourse. With regard to a terminological vacuum we also attempt to show the ongoing word-borrowing process across various language areas that contributes to the development of terminology in political discourse.
