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Although recent research has shown that drug abuse treatment reduces drug use and criminal activity in some clients, the impact of treatment on clients' post‐treatment labor market behavior is ...relatively unknown. This study uses data from a longitudinal survey to analyze annual legal and illegal earnings for 2,420 drug abusers. The analysis focuses on two different time intervals—one year before entering a drug abuse treatment program and one year after leaving the same program. It describes client characteristics, labor market variables, and treatment history, and estimates the effects of length of time in treatment on post‐treatment earnings. The regression analysis shows that length of time in treatment had a positive (negative) and statistically significant impact on real legal (illegal) earnings following treatment for methadone and residential clients, but the magnitude was small; accounting for possible selection bias had little effect on the results. Although residential clients experienced the largest relative changes in earnings outcomes, simply comparing the direct cost of residential treatment with the benefits from improved legal earnings and lower illegal earnings suggests that additional residential treatment is not cost‐beneficial.
Few people would question the desirability of minimizing the use of drugs among minors. The use of random, suspicionless drug testing of school athletes as a means to achieve this end is more open to ...question. Not only does this policy invade the privacy of a group of students who are relatively unlikely to use drugs, but it also discourages athletic participation and may actually lead to an increase in overall drug use. Even in those cases where the adoption of such testing leads to a reduction in overall drug use, compensating behavior by student athletes guarantees that the reduction in use will be smaller, perhaps much smaller, than expected. The policy of drug testing high school athletes unambiguously increases the variance of drug use in the student population: use falls among the athletes who continue to participate in sports but increases among the athletes who quit the team and revert to the higher use levels of their non-athlete peers.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, PRFLJ, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja učestalosti konzumacije cigareta, alkohola i droga među srednjoškolskom populacijom te njihove povezanosti sa školskim izostancima. Analizirane su razlike u ...čestini konzumiranja s obzirom na spol i dob. Pokazalo se da nema značajne razlike u konzumaciji cigareta s obzirom na spol učenika, a u konzumaciji alkohola i droga postoji statistički značajna razlika. Mladići konzumiraju alkohol i drogu znatno češće u odnosu na djevojke. Iako neka istraživanja pokazuju da stariji učenici češće konzumiraju cigarete, naše istraživanje pokazuje da nema značajne razlike s obzirom na dob ispitanika, a postoji statistički značajna razlika u čestini konzumacije alkohola i droga. Kako se moglo i očekivati, stariji učenici češće konzumiraju alkohol i drogu. Pokazalo se da učenici koji više izostaju s nastave više piju alkohol, puše i uzimaju drogu. Postoji povezanost ne samo s neopravdanim već i s opravdanim izostancima, što najvjerojatnije upućuje na to da neki učenici uspijevaju opravdati dio sati koji su zapravo neopravdani sati. Konzumacija može biti i razlog i posljedica školskih izostanaka, a u ovom radu riječ je o konzumaci kao posljedici izostanaka.
This article is about the Shan opium-heroin problem which figures largely in many journalistic and academic accounts of political events in Burma, but which has, paradoxically, been neglected. ...Rather, it has been "hollywoodized" with images of "opium" armies, heroin "empires," colorful drug "kings," and warlord-princes, etc., to the extent that it has more or less become but a dramatic backdrop, an "exotic unknowable." This article is a more mundane account of the opium-heroin phenomenon. I will deal with it from the economic-political perspective, with particular focus on the basic mechanism of the Shan opium-heroin industry. Specifically, I will deal with the actors involved and their role in what is the only viable and integrated (locally and internationally) industry to emerge from Burma in the over three decades of military rule. My contention, in sum, is that the Shan opium-heroin issue constitutes only a part of the regional and global informal complex of investment, trade, and profit, in which are involved a host of non-Shan actors, whose interests are primarily economic; that basically, it is a transnational/global agro-business, no different, in substance and dynamics, from any other lucrative agro-business; and that Shan peasants, and to some extent, rebel armies, cannot be in any way regarded as "winners" in, or the main beneficiaries of, the "illegal" and "unregulated" informal economy of investment, trade, and profit, that spans borders, regions, and oceans.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
