Expelling the plague Zlata Blazina Tomic, Vesna Blazina
Expelling the plague,
2015, 20150401, 2015, 2015-04-17, 2015-04-01, Letnik:
43, 43.
eBook
A vibrant city-state on the Adriatic sea, Dubrovnik, also known as Ragusa, was a hub for the international trade between Europe and the Ottoman Empire. As a result, the city suffered frequent ...outbreaks of plague. Through a comprehensive analysis of these epidemics in Dubrovnik, Expelling the Plague explores the increasingly sophisticated plague control regulations that were adopted by the city and implemented by its health officials. In 1377, Dubrovnik became the first city in the world to develop and implement quarantine legislation, and in 1390 it established the earliest recorded permanent Health Office. The city’s preoccupation with plague control and the powers granted to its Health Office led to a rich archival record chronicling the city’s experience of plague, its attempts to safeguard public health, and the social effects of its practices of quarantine, prosecution, and punishment. These sources form the foundation of the authors' analysis, in particular the manuscript Libro deli Signori Chazamorbi, 1500-30, a rare health record of the 1526-27 calamitous plague epidemic. Teeming with real people across the spectrum, including gravediggers, laundresses, and plague survivors, it contains the testimonies collected during trial proceedings conducted by health officials against violators of public health regulations. Outlining the contributions of Dubrovnik in conceiving and establishing early public health measures in Europe, Expelling the Plague reveals how health concerns of the past greatly resemble contemporary anxieties about battling epidemics such as SARS, avian flu, and the Ebola virus.
The relative sea-level (RSL) change is a sum of effects of processes acting on local, regional and global scales. By far the most variable and uncertain component of RSL change relates to local, ...non-linear scale processes, that is to active tectonics. Studying the RSL markers: algal rims, tidal notches and Lithophaga lithophaga borehole upper limits, two elevated palaeoshorelines (today 60–90 cm and 25–40 cm above the mean sea-level) have been distinguished at Koločep island and Grebeni islets. The high-resolution geochronology built on AMS radiocarbon dating of algal rims enabled the distinction of coseismic uplift events from subsidence periods during the last 2600 years. Accordingly, we provide new, field-based reconstruction of palaeoearthquakes, describe spatial patterns of differential uplift and distinguish the main drivers of RSL change.
Two successive major earthquakes affected in total ∼5 km of coasts related to the Pelješac–Dubrovnik fault zone, with an uplift amplitude between ∼40 and 80 ± 15 cm per event. The earlier, older events, caused larger displacements (60–80 cm) related to 4th to 6th century AD and 750–1100 AD earthquakes, while the later, younger events, revealed on average lower displacements (40–55 cm) corresponding to the 1520 AD quake and the well-known 1667 Dubrovnik earthquake. The cumulative offsets increase from ∼0.57 ± 0.15 m at Lopud (studied previously) to 1.00–1.25 ± 0.15 m at Koločep and Grebeni. Following the overall uplifting pattern at rates of 0.6–0.8 mm/yr, it was observed that the repeated uplifting events progress generally toward the SW, consistent with SW-migrating deformation in the southern Dinarides (Bennett et al., 2008).
Interseismic periods allow further insight into regional and global driving mechanisms of RSL change. The distinction of local coseismic displacements of RSL history together with the previously obtained regional glacio- and hydro-isostatic adjustment estimates of 0.34 mm/yr allow us to approach the global contribution, which seems to be minimal between ∼0 and 1800 cal AD as RSL changed at rates of 0.3 to 0.4 mm/yr. The increased rates of RSL change occurred prior to 0 cal AD, with rates of ∼0.7 mm/yr, and go up to 1.4 mm/yr after 1800 cal AD.
This high-resolution study provides new insight into the late Holocene sea-level history, particularly into local tectonic uplift, testifying the ongoing intense tectonic activity related to Late Holocene shortening, well localized along the south-eastern Adriatic coasts, which is consistent with contemporary Adria-Eurasia collision.
•Algal rims, tidal notches and Lithophagalithophaga boreholes revealed 2 palaeoshorelines.•Two consecutive earthquakes uplifted ∼5 km of Koločep and Grebeni island coasts.•Palaeoearthquakes have been constrained using algal rims – a new approach.•2.6 ka high resolution geochronology was established on 54 sea-level index points.•First field evidences of palaeoearthquakes have been provided at the studied area.
Over the centuries, young girls from the hinterland of Dubrovnik often went
to Dubrovnik to serve in wealthy homes in order to provide for their basic
living needs or sometimes even for their dowry. ...The position of this female
population, which people of Dubrovnik called - spravljenice, cupe or
godisnjice, was very unfavorable, although within literature they were
presented as activists who fought for their rights. After the legalization
of the Serbian Orthodox Church community in 1790, affluent Serbian families
moved to Dubrovnik. These families significantly participated in the
economic recovery of Dubrovnik during the next century. As a successful
economic community, the Orthodox Serbs tried to provide a school for their
children, which they finally succeeded in 1831 with a permanent teacher,
George Nikolajevic. Girls also attended the school founded by Nikolajevic.
This was the case until 1879, when in Dubrovnik was founded Bozo Boskovic
Women?s school. Young women from Dubrovnik were also educated within the
Association of Serbian Women from Dubrovnik, led by Teodora Boskovic. Hence,
this article will present the process of education of Dubrovnik Orthodox
Serbian women in the period from 1831 to the second decade of the twentieth
century.
Summary
Cables are essential components of the cable‐stayed bridges as they serve as the main load‐bearing component. Hence, continuous monitoring of such cables becomes necessary as they are ...vulnerable to the fatigue damage induced by dynamic loads. Sensors are attached to the cables to examine the health of the cables; however, these contact‐based sensors can malfunction in harsh weather condition, which makes impossible to estimate the cable health in such unfavorable condition. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a completely noncontact video‐based stay‐cable tension measurement technique where the video is recorded using a moving handheld camera at a significant distance from the structure itself. Here, the cable tension is determined from vibration‐based measurement, but the vibration of the cable recorded in the video includes the true vibration of the cable along with the camera motion. Hence, we amalgamated a series of image processing techniques to nullify the camera movement. First, we detect the camera movement based on the movement of the bridge deck and pylon, which are fixed objects, using Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi (KLT) feature tracking algorithm. Then we nullify the camera movement by using the affine transformation matrix obtained by random sample consensus (RANSAC) algorithm. Subsequently from the steady video, the cable motions are estimated using the phase‐based motion estimation technique. From the time history of the cable vibration, real‐time frequency variations are estimated using Short‐Time Fourier Transform (STFT). Finally, the real‐time tension is determined from this dominant frequency variation history using the taut‐string theory. This paper shows the significant potential of camera‐based sensing techniques in structural health monitoring as the mean estimated tension and the design cable tension are found to be comparable.
U središtu istraživanja rada proces je festivalizacije Dubrovačkih ljetnih igara u razdoblju od 1949. do 1959. godine, kada se Ljetne igre oblikuju u prepoznatljiv festival jugoslavenskoga i ...međunarodnoga značaja. Na temelju arhivske građe festivala, novinskih članaka i festivalskih publikacija u radu će se djelatnost festivala najprije kontekstualizirati s obzirom na povijesne okolnosti, a zatim će se odgovoriti na istraživačka pitanja vezana uz organizaciju, programski i konceptualni razvoj festivala te njegovu medijsku reprezentaciju u tadašnjim jugoslavenskim novinama.
The article attempts to discuss the status of Dubrovnik and its literary and cultural tradition in 19th- and 20th-century discourses in the frame of Serbian literary history. The starting point for ...the presented considerations will be the opinion of Jovan Deretić, who, perceiving the Dubrovnik tradition as “borderline”, referred to it as “a tradition of secondary importance” for the Serbian culture and literature system. In his opinion, it could not have become for the Serbs what it had become for Croatian literature, that is, “the central national tradition”. The text will discuss different points of view (both “internal” and “external”) on the “location” and importance of the city and its traditions in the context of ongoing discussions on the identity of Dubrovnik. The t exts of the n ineteenth-century authors (Đ. Nikolajević, I. Stojanović, L. Vojnović) and twentieth-century authors (J. Skerlić, P. Popović, M. Pantić) will be analyzed. The framework of the article will be determined by contemporary reflection on this subject (Z. Bojović, I. Arsić, S. Stipčević).
This study aims to discern the drivers of relative sea-level change at Lopud Island, distinguishing local tectonic from regional and global contributions. A detailed survey of sea-level markers ...(Lithophyllum rims and tidal notches) allowed the distinction of a seismotectonically uplifted sector, approximately 1 km in length, along the southern coast of Lopud Island (Southern Adriatic). The established high-resolution algal rim geochronology based on 23 radiocarbon dates enables distinction between the Late Holocene transgression periods and the seismically triggered regression events. Consequently, we distinguish here local tectonic uplift and provide the first reconstruction of the assumed number, timing, and displacements of past seismic events. The most important uplift of around 0.42 ± 0.10 m occurred in 1667 CE Dubrovnik earthquake while the earlier one of 0.15 ± 0.10 m, occurred probably between ~800 CE and ~ 1100 CE. The uplift of this coastal segment was also evidenced in tidal notches which are today ~0.25 ± 0.15 m above mean sea-level.
After correction for local coseismic displacements, the sea-level trends with full consideration of the available uncertainty were quantified using an Errors-In-Variables Integrated Gaussian Process model. The rates of RSL change vary between 0.2 and 0.7 mm/yr, with a mean of 0.4 mm/yr. The possibility of removing the local non-linear contribution, allows comparison of the obtained RSL curve with different glacio-isostatic model predictions. The obtained field based RSL records correspond well with the K33_j1b_WS9_6 model of Lambeck et al. (2011).
By distinguishing local non-linear RSL drivers (coseismic movements) from regional and global scale drivers we estimated a glacio-isostatic adjustment rate of ~0.34 mm/yr and a global common contribution of around 20 cm between 3.3 ka and 0.15 ka. This high-resolution study allows us to better approach the driving mechanisms of RSL change, thus providing new insight into the late Holocene sea-level history of this seismotectonically active sector of the Adriatic. Furthermore, this study reveals the precision of Lithophyllum rims in the studies of relative sea-level changes and demonstrates their potential in assessing palaeoearthquakes.
•this study focuses on the most seismically active part of Croatia;•algal rims and tidal notches revealed coastal uplift of Lopud island;•the 1667 CE Dubrovnik earthquake was evidenced in the algal rim stratigraphy;•23 new relative sea-level index points from the Adriatic cover the past 3.3 ka;•the drivers of relative sea-level change have been distinguished.
Perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty are essential concepts for running a successful and profitable modern company, and therefore defining a model of perceived value and value dimensions is a ...primary goal of marketing management. The theoretical propositions in this article are tested in relation to the tourist destination of Dubrovnik, Croatia. The author has defined a model of tourist perceived value, satisfaction, and behavior intentions. The model was tested using the structural equation modeling. The results show a significant effect of perceived value on the satisfaction and intended future behavior of tourists. In addition, tourists’ perceived value associated with Dubrovnik was affected primarily by destination appearance, followed by the emotional experience, while the impact of cost was significantly lower.
The paper deals with the study of roads in the region of Lim river valley ranging from late antiquity to the beginning of the Ottoman period. In late antiquity, the Lim valley did not have a primary ...hub for the transportation of people and goods. This changed in the Middle Ages when the Lim valley became a transit point through which roads and merchants from Primorje (Dubrovnik and Kotor) passed through to the centers of the Serbian medieval state (Ras and Novo Brdo). In this paper the continuity and discontinuity of this movement through the Lim river valley will be discussed.
PDF
