The main purpose of the present research paper is to investigate applicability of a new energy‐based failure prediction model, called EMC‐J criterion, to predict the critical loads of U‐notched ...polymeric samples having a ductile behaviour and loaded under symmetric 3‐point bending. The evaluated polymeric single edge notch bending samples containing U‐notches failed by considerable plastic deformations around the notch border, making it inappropriate to directly use classic linear elastic‐based formulations. Due to the elastic‐plastic behaviour of the tested polymeric material, EMC‐J criterion is applied to avoid using complex and extremely time‐consuming nonlinear analysis for failure load predictions. Finally, it is shown that EMC‐J criterion can provide a good consistency between the experimental and theoretical results with an average discrepancy of about 10%.
The introduction of the space object conjunction method in electromagnetic compatibility modeling and simulation is quite a novel concept. It is useful for the stochastic analysis of an ...electromagnetic (EM) environment which is based on the probability of conjunction assessment. The space conjunction methodology is anticipated as the frontline defense for the protection of active satellites in space. EM congestion occurs in an environment with the increase in the number of operational EM devices. In a theoretical sense, this congestion is analogous to the space conjunction. Therefore, the space conjunction model can be applied in the EM scenarios. In this paper, we have investigated the application of the defined conjunction model by using the analytical expression of the probability of electromagnetic conjunction, which is based on the orbital parameters of the system under test. Additionally, we have elaborated the influence of these orbital parameters on the probability of conjunction. The simulations have been performed by considering different EM scenarios and the results are validated by using Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that errors in the analytical and Monte Carlo simulations are within a 1% range, which makes the analytical model effective. Computationally, the proposed analytical model is cost effective as compared to the numerical method, i.e., Monte Carlo. Moreover, from the results, it has been validated that the probability of conjunction increases with the increase in transmitted power and decreases with the compatible threshold limit of the receiving system, thus, making this method useful for analyzing the electromagnetic environment and as a frontline safety tool for electromagnetic systems.
•The XFEM is combined with EMC to predict the fracture of notched metal plates.•The results are compared with the ductile damage method and the experiments.•Two types of aluminum plates have ...benchmarked the accuracy of the XFEM-EMC predictions.•The method is shown to be robust with low computation costs comparing to the competitors.
This study assesses the combined in-plane tensile/shear failure of aluminum plates containing notches. With this aim, a numerical method, i.e., the so-called equivalent material concept (EMC) in association with the extended finite element method (XFEM), is introduced to simulate the fracture phenomenon. The predicted failure load, initiation angle, and growth path are compared to experimental results reported for aluminum alloys in the literature to evaluate the functionality of the proposed method. Also, the accuracy of the EMC-XFEM model was compared to the conventional Ductile Damage method. The EMC-XFEM combined model is found to be fast and robust with appropriate accuracy in fracture predictions of ductile samples in comparison with the elastoplastic damage model and experimental data.
The safety issues caused by lithium-ion battery (LIB) failures are the pain points that constrain the development of LIB. Developing a high sensitivity and low-cost gas sensor targeting trace ...electrolyte vapors, such as methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), can help achieve early warning in accidents. Tin dioxide (SnO2) has always been one of the most widely used gas sensitive materials. Herein, the concave octahedral hollow SnO2 nanocages (SnO2-Hoc) are quickly prepared by template-engaged coordinating etching. The response value of its sensor to 10 ppm EMC is 7.24 at 140℃ and it shows sufficient sensitivity in LIB leakage simulation tests. The hollow concave octahedral structure promotes the EMC diffusion, and the lower energy barrier of EMC cleavage is the key to selective response. Overall, this work synthesized SnO2-Hoc sensor to directly detect trace EMC, which is expected to provide new guarantees for the LIB safe application.
•Concave octahedral hollow SnO2 nanocages sensor was synthesized for EMC detection.•LIB leakage simulation tests confirmed the feasibility of real time leak monitoring.•Large specific surface area, rich mesopores promoted the EMC adsorption and reaction.•Abundant electron transport channels synergistically enhanced sensing performance.
As known, the leakage of lithium battery (LIB) electrolyte is an important cause for runaway failure of LIB, so it has great significance to develop an approach for electrolyte leakage detection with ...low detection limit and fast response. In this work, we developed a Pd-doped WO3 gas sensor, taking the main component of electrolyte Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) as the target gas. The sensor has a hollow microsphere structure assembled by nano-particles, and the sensor with Pd doping ratio of 1.5% has the best gas sensing performance. At 275 ℃, the response to 10 ppm EMC is 17.8, and still 45% to EMC as low as 100 ppb. Furthermore, the response time is fast as 19 s to 10 ppm EMC. In addition, the sensor also shows novel stability and gas selectivity, the fluctuations of baseline resistance and response just were 0.77% and 4.6%, respectively. The results show that the sensor can detect extremely low concentration of EMC gas with fast response, and has great application potential in the field of lithium battery safety.
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Integral membrane proteins play key functional roles at organelles and the plasma membrane, necessitating their efficient and accurate biogenesis to ensure appropriate targeting and activity. The ...endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) has recently emerged as an important eukaryotic complex for biogenesis of integral membrane proteins by promoting insertion and stability of atypical and sub-optimal transmembrane domains (TMDs). Although confirmed as a bona fide complex almost a decade ago, light is just now being shed on the mechanism and selectivity underlying the cellular responsibilities of the EMC. In this Review, we revisit the myriad of functions attributed the EMC through the lens of these new mechanistic insights, to address questions of the cellular and organismal roles the EMC has evolved to undertake.
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