This study investigated energy saving effects of published papers related to energy management system (EMS), building energy management system (BEMS), industrial, company and factory energy ...management system (I/C/F/EMS); and EMS for heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) and refrigerating equipment, artificial lighting systems, motors and others (EMS for equipment). From 1976 to 2014, management performance reported by 305 EMS cases (105 BEMS cases, 103 I/C/F EMS cases and 97 cases of EMS for equipment) is analyzed to evaluate varied energy saving effects. Statistical results show that saving effects of BEMS increased from 11.39% to 16.22% yearly. Inversely, saving effects of I/C/F EMS decreased from 18.89% to 10.35%. Regarding to EMS for equipment, there is no obvious trend but only the averaged saving effect can be reported. EMS for artificial lighting systems has the highest saving effect up to 39.5% in average. For HVAC and other equipment, energy saving effects are around 14.07% and 16.66% respectively. These energy saving performances are correlated with developed EMS functions. The key EMS functions could be identified from their developing progress for effective energy savings. Based on the quantitative analysis, the future trends of EMS are discussed.
Hybrid and electric vehicles have been demonstrated as auspicious solutions for ensuring improvements in fuel saving and emission reductions. From the system design perspective, there are numerous ...indicators affecting the performance of such vehicles, in which the powertrain type, component configuration, and energy management strategy (EMS) play a key role. Achieving an energy-efficient powertrain requires tackling several conflicting control objectives such as the drivability, fuel economy, reduced emissions, and battery state of charge preservation, which make the EMS the most crucial aspect of powertrain system design. Accordingly, in the present study, various powertrain systems and topologies of (plug-in) hybrid electric vehicles and full-electric vehicles are assessed. In addition, EMSs as applied in the literature are systematically surveyed for a qualitative investigation, classification, and comparison of existing approaches in terms of the principles, advantages, and drawbacks through a comprehensive review. Furthermore, potential challenges considering the gaps in research are addressed, and directives paving the way toward further development of powertrains and EMSs in all respects are thoroughly provided.
•Various powertrains of hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, and full-electric vehicles are reviewed.•The energy management strategies of the considered topologies are thoroughly studied and compared.•The research gaps are identified, and potential research directions are provided.
Technology Trends of Lithium-ion Battery MATSUDA, Jun-ichi; ATSUKI, Masataka
The Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan,
2014, Letnik:
134, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Smart Grid and Technology HAYASHI, Yasuhiro
The Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan,
2012/10/01, Letnik:
132, Številka:
10
Journal Article
“My One Wild and Precious Life - The Purpose of Medical Care”, contains reflections of a medical student as a naive little boy, inspired by his late grandfather, pinning to becoming a physician, who ...later struggles to find purpose in the unidealistic world of the current healthcare system. But, through his exposure to “Pallium India”, a non-profit palliative care organization in Kerala, India, healthcare once more gains meaning and signifies the importance of love and care amidst a patient's journey through pain and suffering.
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) are facing difficulties in the aspect of splitting the demand power between various drivetrain components. To negate this issue an efficient energy management system ...(EMS) is required, EMS is used to split the demand power between drivetrain components. However, it is a difficult task because of the computation complexity and various functionalities associated with the vehicle. In this context to develop an efficient EMS, the various structural architectures, and energy optimization strategies are considered to review in this work. This work presents an overview of key control modules in the EMS such as torque control module, driving mode control, power-split control, and output power sources. Also describes various aspects of energy optimization strategies such as fuzzy, dynamic program, model predictive, neural network, intelligent and connected vehicle technologies to enhance the performance and emissions of the vehicle. These strategies are employed to optimize the fuel economy and energy consumption without compromising the performance of the vehicle. Further, this article provides knowledge on real-time development process of EMS and its calibration parameters such as SOC, vehicle speed, power-split, etc, which are used to enhance the vehicle output characteristics. This research explores a holistic approach to developing the control architecture of EMS with various control strategies. Also, challenges and difficulties on EMS advancements are adequately highlighted, along with a short idea and discussion for the development of future EMS research. Finally, an interpretative study on real-time EMS for HEV with various control strategies disclosed its significance and possible outcomes.
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•A holistic overview of the EMS control architecture with various control modules is reviewed.•Various energy optimization strategies such as Fuzzy, MPC, ECMS, DP, NN and ICVT are critically evaluated.•A discussion towards EMS calibration process and significant parameters are interpreted.•Examination of real-time design and development process of EMS for HEV is investigated.•Recent issues and obstacles on various EMS, advancement of future HEV research are highlighted.
This paper presents an analytical framework to develop a hierarchical energy management system (EMS) for energy sharing among neighbouring households in residential microgrids. The houses in ...residential microgrids are categorized into three different types, traditional, proactive and enthusiastic, based on the inclusion of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery energy storage systems (BESSs). Each of these three houses has an individual EMS, which is defined as the primary EMS. Two other EMSs (secondary and tertiary) are also considered in the proposed hierarchical energy management framework for the purpose of effective energy sharing. The intelligences of each EMS are presented in this paper for the purpose of energy sharing in a residential microgrid along with the priorities. The effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical framework is evaluated on a residential microgrid in Australia. The analytical results clearly reflect that the proposed scheme effectively and efficiently shares the energy among neighbouring houses in a residential microgrid.
Background: Chemical mutagenesis is one of the effective tools for the induction of variation in plants. The biological effect of the chemical mutagen on plant tissues is determined by the absorption ...dose which is calculated by the product of the concentration of the mutagen and the treatment duration. Standardizing the treatment conditions for the best possible mutagenesis is the first prerequisite in chemical mutagenesis. Methods: Five concentrations of EMS (5 mM, 10 mM, 15 mM, 20 mM and 25 mM), three treatment durations (1 hr, 2 hr and 3 hr) and two pre-treatment conditions (soaking in water and non-soaking in water) were taken into consideration in the current study to examine the significance of each factor in regulating the mutation and to determine the unknown value of “Absorption dose” from the known survival rate. Result: The present study revealed that pretreatment with water affected the absorption of EMS into plant tissues and an increase in the EMS concentration and treatment duration decreased the survival rate of the cuttings. The study led to the inference that pretreatment of cuttings of Jasminum auriculatum ecotype Muthu Mullai with water for 2 hours and treatment with EMS at different concentrations of EMS ranging from 5 mM to 30 mM for a duration of 2 hours is suggested for higher mutation frequency.
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