Estimating sequences introduced by Nesterov is an efficient trick to accelerate gradient descent (GD). The stochastic version of estimating sequences is also successfully used to speed up stochastic ...gradient descent (SGD). In solving the non-smooth convex optimization problems, the convergence rate of SGD with stochastic estimating sequences is O(1/k). Here k is the number of iterations. In this paper, we present a new way of constructing estimating sequences. The characteristic of the new estimating sequences is to replace the subgradient with the proximal stochastic gradient. The novelty of the new estimating sequences is to replace the fixed learning rate with the adaptive learning rate. The adaptive learning rate is calculated by the exponential moving average of past squared stochastic gradients. Based on the new estimating sequences, we propose an adaptive proximal SGD algorithm, called ES-APSGD, for solving the large-scale ℓ1-norm regularized empirical risk minimization (ERM). The proposed ES-APSGD simplifies the calculation and can obtain a convergence rate of O(1/k2). The significant advantage of ES-APSGD is to strengthen the sparsity of solution by adaptively adjusting the threshold magnitude. Experimental results on Lasso and ℓ1-norm regularized logistic regression show that ES-APSGD speeds up convergence and obtains the sparser optimal solutions.
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) has the benefit of enhancing organizational effectiveness, risk reporting, and improving business performance. The maturity measurement of ERM implementation is ...crucial in deducing risk management conditions and disparities within the company as means to achieve a more targeted ERM pursuance, one which is beneficial in assessing the company's condition. This study used sixteen criteria of ERM Maturity Models, to measure the maturity level of ERM implementation carried out by medium-sized industrial companies in priority sectors in East Java. Data were obtained from 137 company directors or managers of Medium Industry companies dispersed across 38 districts/cities in East Java among 6 priority sectors. Results showed that 43.5% and 46.6% of companies that experienced sales growth and an increase in net profit, respectively, are companies with optimal implementation of ERM. Meanwhile, 67% of companies that underwent a decline in sales performance and net profit turned out to be companies with weaker ERM implementation levels.
FungalRoot Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A.; Vaessen, Stijn; Barcelo, Milagros ...
The New phytologist,
August 2020, Letnik:
227, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
• Testing of ecological, biogeographical and phylogenetic hypotheses of mycorrhizal traits requires a comprehensive reference dataset about plant mycorrhizal associations.
• Here we present a ...database, FungalRoot, which summarizes publicly available data about vascular plant mycorrhizal type and intensity of root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi, accompanied with rich metadata. We compiled and digitized data about plant mycorrhizal colonization in nine widespread languages.
• The present version of the FungalRoot database contains 36 303 species-by-site observations for 14 870 plant species, tripling the previously available compiled information about plant mycorrhizal associations. Based on these data, we provide a recommended list of genuslevel plant mycorrhizal associations, based on the majority of data for species and careful analysis of conflicting data. The majority of ectomycorrhizal and ericoid mycorrhizal plants are trees (92%) and shrubs (85%), respectively. The majority of arbuscular and nonmycorrhizal plant species are herbaceous (50% and 70%, respectively).
• Our publicly available database is a powerful resource for mycorrhizal scientists and ecologists. It features possibilities for dynamic updating and addition of data about plant mycorrhizal associations. The new database will promote research on plant and fungal biogeography and evolution, and on links between above- and belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
•We investigate the relationship between ERM adoption and solvency.•A sample of publicly listed insurers in the European Union is considered.•Our results show that ERM adoption is negatively related ...to insurance firm solvency.•Insurance solvency is also related to firm-specific factors and market demand.
We investigate the relationship between Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) adoption and solvency for publicly listed insurers in the European Union. Our results, which control for endogeneity problem, show that ERM-adoption insurers experience a decrease in their solvency level, which may trigger their financial vulnerability in the case of unexpected shocks. Firm-specific characteristics such as leverage, ROA, combined-ratio and business type are also found to significantly increase the EU insurers’ solvency, whereas the impact of firm size and age is insignificant. Moreover, insurers that have adopted the ERM share the common characteristics of higher performance, higher leverage, bigger size, and more diversified businesses. Finally, the demand of the market is an important factor of ERM adoption and insurance solvency.
An in vivo whole-plant bi-dimensional experimental system has been devised and tested with different host plants, in order to obtain extraradical mycelium (ERM) produced by different arbuscular ...mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). In this system, a host plant germling is inoculated with AMF to establish mycorrhizal symbiosis, and, after colonization, newly formed extraradical hyphae and spores are removed. Then the mycorrhizal root system is wrapped in a nylon net and placed between membranes in a Petri dish, allowing ERM to grow on the membrane surface. Such extraradical hyphae may be used for in situ morphometric analyses or collected for molecular or biochemical assays: in the latter case, the plant with its root sandwich may be reassembled to renew mycelium production. In this experimental system, which was tested with diverse host plant species and lines, values of explored membrane surface areas and densities of ERM showed wide ranges of variation, and its length ranged from 9.7 ± 2.0 to 48.8 ± 9.9 m per plant, depending on host and AMF identity. Across the different plant-AMF combinations tested, the whole-plant system produced 2.0 ± 0.6 to 5.3 ± 0.3 mg of ERM fresh biomass per plant per harvest. This experimental system can be used for a wide range of AMF and host plants species, either establishing arbuscular mycorrhizas or other mycorrhizal interactions. ERM produced and collected in the whole-plant system is suitable for morphological, physiological, and molecular analyses, facilitating studies on the different aspects of mycorrhizal symbiotic interactions.
Mycobacterium abscessus subspecies abscessus is major subspecies in the M. abscessus complex and is usually refractory to standard antibiotherapy. Genetic tracing of erm (41) T28 is a mechanism for ...monitoring macrolide resistance. We treated a patient with a pulmonary infection caused by M. abscessus subsp. abscessus with the erm (41) T28 polymorphism, which was susceptible to clarithromycin, and his clinical treatment course was good. The identification of the M. abscessus complex genotype is important, but clinical confirmation of clarithromycin susceptibility is also needed to plan individual treatment strategies.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap makna yang melatari implementasi manajemen risiko pada Lembaga amil zakat. Objek penelitian ini adalah salah satu Lembaga amal zakat di Malang yaitu Baitul ...Maal Hidayatullah (BMH). Jenis data primer berupa hasil wawancara dilakukan melalui wawancara tidak terstruktur. Adapun informan dalam penelitian ini meliputi 1 orang berkedudukan di top management, 1 orang berkedudukan di midle managemet, dan 1 orang berkedudukan di lower management yang ikut serta dalam pengelolaan risiko organisasi. Adapun analisis data dilakukan melalui pendekatan fenemenologi dengan menggunakan lima komponen framework Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) yaitu Governance and Culture, Strategiy and Objective – Setting, Performance, Review and Revision, Information, Comunication, and Reporting. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa BMH mengimplementasi manajemen risiko dengan sangat baik berdasarkan Framework ERM. Implementasi manajemen risiko pada BMH juga didukung tingkat optimis yang tinggi sebagai bentuk tanggungjawab pada Stakeholder maupun kebutuhan individu dalam hubungannya dengan Maha Pencipta.
In order to satisfy the fast, accurate and high reliability of banknote image recognition, a banknote image recognition method based on hidden Markov models (MHH) is proposed in this paper. The grid ...method is used to extract banknote image features and the process of image preprocessing. By analysing the experimental data, the number of Markov model states, the number of iterations and the number of Gaussian models is finally determined. This method can be used to identify any currency. In this paper, 16000 pieces of RMB were collected by the self-developed banknote cleaner as experimental samples. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves higher recognition rate than using neural network and support vector function.
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