In recent years, trade liberalisation has led to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in food products. Because ARB has reportedly been found in imported foods, the spread of ...plasmid-mediated ARB through food products is a concern. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of ESBL-producing Vibrio vulnificus and V. alginolyticus strains harbouring a plasmid isolated from imported seafood. First, V. vulnificus and V. alginolyticus were isolated from purchased frozen and thawed Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp, and genome extraction and sequencing were performed. Hybrid genome assemblies were performed using Unicycler and annotated using DFAST. Then genome analysis was performed using BRIG. Plasmid comparisons showed that the plasmids carried by both Vibrios are remarkably similar and encode the same antibiotic-resistance genes. The 270-310 kb region specific to both Vibrios were isolated in this study and encodes the antibiotic-resistance genes bla
and qnr. Furthermore, the mobile genetic factors ISEc9, ISVch4, and ISVpa4 are located upstream and downstream of these genes. This is the first report of ESBL-producing V. vulnificus and V. alginolyticus harbouring a common plasmid encoding ISEc9 upstream of bla
and qnrS2 isolated from imported seafood.
Latar Belakang. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) adalah enzim yang diproduksi oleh bakteri tertentu yang mampu menghidrolisis penisilin, sefalosporin generasi 1,2,3 dan aztreonam. Antimikroba ...golongan beta-laktam merupakan salah satu antimikroba yang paling sering diresepkan. Resistansi yang disebabkan oleh enzim ESBL berakibat cukup signifikan terhadap pengobatan penyakit infeksi. Bakteri penghasil ESBL juga sering menunjukkan resistansi pada obat lain.
Objektif. Untuk mengetahui gambaran sensitivitas bakteri penghasil enzim ESBL terhadap beberapa antimikroba di RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang pada periode 2018-2019.
Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif pada hasil uji sensitivitas bakteri penghasil enzim ESBL terhadap beberapa antimikroba menggunakan alat VITEK-2 yang diidentifikasi dari spesimen pasien di RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang periode 2018-2019. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah total sampling menggunakan data hasil uji sensitivitas bakteri menggunakan alat VITEK-2.
Hasil. Hasil penelitin ini ditemukan 2,855 bakteri penghasil enzim ESBL. Prevalensi terbanyak adalah Klebsiella sp dengan total 974 bakteri (34.1%), diikuti oleh E.coli dengan total 636 bakteri (22.3%) dan Acinetobacter sp dengan total 627 bakteri (22%). Setiap bakteri memiliki gambaran sensitivitas berbeda terhadap beberapa obat antimikroba. Obat-obat yang memiliki sensitivitas yang masih baik adalah karbapenem, amikasin, tigesiklin dan kombinasi β-laktam/β-laktamase inhibitor namun sudah mengalami penurunan sensitivitas pada bakteri grup tertentu. Pada bakteri grup falavobacterium hanya menunjukan sensitivitas yang baik terhadap obat siprofloksasin.
Kesimpulan. Obat-obat yang memiliki sensitivitas yang masih baik adalah karbapenem, amikasin, tigesiklin dan kombinasi β-laktam/β-laktamase inhibitor.
Background. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are defined as enzymes produced by certain bacteria that are able to hydrolyze penicillins, cephalosporins and aztreonam. The beta-lactam antimicrobials are one of the most commonly prescribed antimicrobials. The resistance caused by Extended spectrum beta-lactamases enzyme has a significant effect on the treatment of infectious diseases. ESBL-producing bacteria also frequently show resistance to other drugs.
Objective. To describe the sensitivity of ESBL producing bacteria to several antimicrobials in dr. M. Djamil hospital Padang on 2018-2019.
Methods. This research was a descriptive study with a retrospective approach in the results of the sensitivity test of ESBL producing bacteria to several antimicrobials using the VITEK-2 tool that was identified from patient specimens at dr. M. Djamil hospital Padang on 2018-2019. The samples were taken using total sampling technique uses the test results of bacterial sensitivity data using the VITEK-2 tool.
Results. The results of this research found 2,855 ESBL producing bacteria. The highest prevalence was Klebsiella sp with a total of 974 bacteria (34.1%), followed by E. coli with a total of 636 bacteria (22.3%) and Acinetobacter sp with a total of 627 bacteria (22%). Each bacterium has a different pattern of sensitivity to several antimicrobial drugs. Drugs that have good sensitivity are carbapenem, amikacin, tigecycline and a combination of β-lactam / β-lactamase inhibitors but have decreased sensitivity in certain groups of bacteria. The falavobacterium group bacteria only showed good sensitivity to the ciprofloxacin.
Conclusion. Drugs that have good sensitivity are carbapenem, amikacin, tigecycline and a combination of β-lactam / β-lactamase inhibitors.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) is a reference method for microbial identification and it can be used to predict Antibiotic Resistance ...(AR) when combined with artificial intelligence methods. However, current solutions need time-costly preprocessing steps, are difficult to reproduce due to hyperparameter tuning, are hardly interpretable, and do not pay attention to epidemiological differences inherent to data coming from different centres, which can be critical.
We propose using a multi-view heterogeneous Bayesian model (KSSHIBA) for the prediction of AR using MALDI-TOF MS data together with their epidemiological differences. KSSHIBA is the first model that removes the ad-hoc preprocessing steps that work with raw MALDI-TOF data. In addition, due to its Bayesian probabilistic nature, it does not require hyperparameter tuning, provides interpretable results, and allows exploiting local epidemiological differences between data sources. To test the proposal, we used data from 402 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates coming from two different domains and 20 different hospitals located in Spain and Portugal. KSSHIBA outperforms current state-of-the-art approaches in antibiotic susceptibility prediction, obtaining a 0.78 AUC score in Wild Type classification and a 0.90 AUC score in Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL)+Carbapenemases (CP)-producers. The proposal consistently removes the need for ad-hoc preprocessing by working with raw MALDI-TOF data, which, in turn, reduces the time needed to obtain the results of the resistance mechanism in microbiological laboratories. The proposed model implementation as well as both data domains are publicly available.
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•Antibiotic Resistance in K. pneumoniae is predicted by using KSSHIBA.•Raw MALDI-TOF MS data is used, getting rid of time-costly external preprocessing.•Double dimensionality reduction is performed by kernel methods and factor analysis.•Hyperparameter tuning is eliminated using a Bayesian model.•The bacteria epidemiological differences are tackled by a multiview model.
ObjectiveTo investigate distribution of integron and extended-spectrum β-lactamase produced by Salmonella isolated from food and clinical samples， and explore the relationship between different drug ...resistance genes and multidrug resistance.MethodsPhenotype of ESBL-producing strains were confirmed by K-B method. The ESBL related drug resistance genes （blaTEM， blaSHV， blaCTX） and the mobile element integron in Salmonella were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The amplified products of integron variable region were sequenced and the drug resistance gene cassettes were analyzed.ResultsThree hundred and nine Salmonella strains were isolated. A total of 138 Salmonella strains were isolated from food， including poultry （n=96）， raw pork （n=19） and aquatic products （n=23）. One hundred and seventy one Salmonella strains were isolated from clinical samples. The drug resistance rate of 309 Salmonella strains was 78.3%， and the multidrug resistance rate was 41.1%. The antimicrobial resistance rate of poultry was th
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing and emerging public health problem worldwide. This research determines the occurrence of ESBL E. coli and antimicrobial resistance profiles of E. coli on ...eggshells from selected layer chickens. The shells of 270 egg samples were swabbed to detect the presence of E. coli. E. coli isolates were recovered from 73(23%) of the 270 samples collected. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using six panel antibiotics (ampicillin, tetracycline, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, gentamicin, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin) using the disk diffusion method. The isolates showed the highest resistance to Ampicillin 95.9%, closely followed by tetracycline 89%, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim 72%, gentamicin 41.1%, and imipenem 1.4%. Also, 78% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant. A 56/73 (76.7%) out of seventy-three isolates were screened as presumptive ESBL-E. coli by culture on ESBL CHROM agar and 42/56 (75%) of the isolates yielded ESBL-producing E. coli based on the production of ESBL by double disc diffusion method. The questionnaire survey results showed that all farms used antimicrobial agents for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes. Also, not all the farms had suitable biosecurity measures. The findings of this study indicated that eggshells are potential reservoirs for multi-drug resistant E. coliand ESBL-Producing E. coli.
Intra‐anal swabbing for GBS in pregnant women did not improve the detection rate compared to perianal swabbing, but increased the detection of ESBL‐producing E.coli.
spp. are commensal Enterobacterales of the human digestive tract. At the same time,
is commonly involved in urinary tract infections (UTI).
is naturally resistant to several antibiotics including ...colistin and shows reduced susceptibility to imipenem. However higher levels of resistance to imipenem commonly occur in
isolates consecutively to the loss of porins, reduced expression of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) PBP1a, PBP2, or acquisition of several antibiotic resistance genes, including carbapenemase genes. In addition, resistance to non-β-lactams is also frequently reported including molecules used for treating UTI infections (e.g., fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans). Emergence and spread of multidrug resistant
isolates, including those producing ESBLs, AmpC cephalosporinases and carbapenemases, are being more and more frequently reported. This review covers
spp. with a focus on the different genetic mechanisms involved in the acquisition of resistance genes to multiple antibiotic classes turning
into a dreadful pandrug resistant bacteria and resulting in difficult to treat infections.
Contact precautions have been recommended for hospitalized patients colonized or infected with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC). Despite such recommendations, a ...steady, worldwide increase of ESBL-EC has been reported. We discuss arguments in favor of and against contact precautions for ESBL-EC carriers. Healthcare settings with high ESBL-EC colonization pressure, extended hospital stay, and close contact between patients may serve as amplification platforms, further accelerating transmission. However, the evidence base for justifying the implementation of contact precautions for all ESBL-EC carriers remains weak. Until more high-level evidence is available, we support the attitude that hospitals and countries should carefully evaluate their decision on whether to implement contact precautions for ESBL-EC carriers. It is likely that a majority of patients and wards do not need to rely on contact precautions for preventing nosocomial ESBL-EC transmission in nonepidemic settings, without harming patient safety, providing sufficient compliance with standard precautions and ongoing surveillance.
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