In "Probing Theoretically into Central and Eastern Europe: Transactions, Resources, and Institutions," we outlined the contributions of research in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) to theoretical ...debates in business research. In this retrospective, we reflect upon the evolution of the field over the past decade. With the fading impact of CEE's distinct shared history, we suggest that CEE best be analyzed as emerging economies, rather than as a distinct geographic entity. Emerging economy business research is converging on common themes and shared theoretical ideas, while identifying critical variations that constrain generalizations among and beyond emerging economies. This research thus highlights the need to develop a better understanding of the boundary conditions of scholarly theories of business knowledge. Over the past decade, the institutionbased view has emerged from distinct intellectual traditions in institutional economics, organizational theory, and the analysis of business-government bargaining. Research in these converging lines of theorizing places contextual variations at the center of explanations of business phenomena around the world. We suggest that the institution-based view is evolving toward a paradigm, and offer suggestions on how to advance this research agenda further, in particular by exploring how firms engage with different sets of potentially conflicting institutions at multiple levels and locations.
The combination of transition and globalization since the early 1990s has caused dramatic changes in the dairy chains in Central and Eastern Europe. This paper uses survey evidence from several ...Central and East European countries to document the growth of vertical coordination in the dairy chain, its relationship with policy reforms, its effects and the implications for small farms. Evidence suggests that in several countries small dairy farms have benefited from vertical coordination processes by providing them access to inputs and higher value markets.
Eastern Europe has a high burden of Tuberculosis (TB)/HIV-coinfection with high mortality shortly after TB diagnosis. This study assesses TB recurrence, mortality rates and causes of death among ...TB/HIV patients from Eastern Europe up to 11 years after TB diagnosis.
A longitudinal cohort study of TB/HIV patients enrolled between 2011-2013 (at TB diagnosis) and followed-up until end of 2021. A competing risk regression was employed to assess rates of TB recurrence, with death as competing event. Kaplan-Maier estimates and a multivariable Cox-regression were used to assess long-term mortality and corresponding risk factors. The Coding Causes of Death in HIV methodology was used for adjudication of causes of death.
375 TB/HIV patients were included. 53 (14·1%) were later diagnosed with recurrent TB (incidence rate 3·1/100 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), 95% CI 2·4-4·0) during a total follow-up time of 1713 PYFU. Twenty-three of 33 patients with data on drug-resistance (69·7%) had MDR-TB. More than half with recurrent TB (n = 30/53, 56·6%) died. Overall, 215 (57·3%) died during the follow-up period, corresponding to a mortality rate of 11·4/100 PYFU (95%CI 10·0-13·1). Almost half of those (48·8%) died of TB. The proportion of all TB-related deaths was highest in the first 6 (n = 49/71; 69·0%; p < 0·0001) and 6 - 24 (n = 33/58; 56·9%; p < 0.0001) months of follow-up, compared deaths beyond 24 months (n = 23/85; 26·7%).
TB recurrence and TB-related mortality rates in PLWH in Eastern Europe are still concerningly high and continue to be a clinical and public health challenge.
The book reviewed is a proof of the complexities of the actual political context. The result of its cross-sectoral analyses are in line with the Eastern European rhetoric, lacking a democratic ...system. The book swirls through its five chapters around most of the essential elements of a country in transition. It provides an analysis following a horizontal time axis, a vertical developmental axis, and occasionally deplores the future. The first, introductory chapter anchors the books from a theoretical and factual point of view of a transitory process, while the second analyses the installation of democracy in Romania. The third and the fourth chapter deepen the optic, zooming firstly into the regionalization process, and then in the minority regimes in Romania. The last chapter bounce up, offering the image of limited space of maneuver of Romania in what regards its Foreign Policy, caught up in the almost natural, rationally explainable, conditionality of a small country.
The DHI Warsaw library is a specialized academic and reference library. Its collection spans the history of Germany and Poland, the history of German-Polish relations in a European and international ...context, and the history of Eastern European Jews.
This article discusses pre-existing studies of Euro-Orientalism (Orientalism directed at Eastern Europe), and advocates for further study of the inequal relationship between Europe's West and East. ...In this sense, this article should help to overview and advance the study this phenomenon. A better understanding of Euro-Orientalism is necessary both in order to counter epistemic injustice, and in order to promote realistic policy recommendations for the region. In this latter connection, the article argues that the West's inability to take proper account of Eastern European historical experiences contributed to its failure to prepare for Russia's all-out invasion of Ukraine in early 2022.
In the current complex international situation, especially underthe influence of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, the inflow of FDI in Eastern European countries is seriously affected by ...geopoliticalrisks. However, there is a lack of research on this subject in Eastern Europe. Based on FDI inflow data in Eastern European countries and the political risk ratings of the ICRG from 2009 to 2020, this paper investigates the effect of geopolitical risks on FDI inflow to Eastern Europe using simple linear regression. It has been found that geopolitical risks have a significant negative impact on FDI inflows in Eastern European countries. However, further studies have found that signing RTAs can help alleviate this negative effect; actively carrying out bilateral trade or investment agreements is conducive to the development of FDI in host countries
This work presents the results of a PM2.5 source apportionment study conducted in urban background sites from 16 European and Asian countries. For some Eastern Europe and Central Asia cities this was ...the first time that quantitative information on pollution source contributions to ambient particulate matter (PM) has been performed. More than 2200 filters were sampled and analyzed by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission (PIXE), and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure the concentrations of chemical elements in fine particles. Samples were also analyzed for the contents of black carbon, elemental carbon, organic carbon, and water-soluble ions. The Positive Matrix Factorization receptor model (EPA PMF 5.0) was used to characterize similarities and heterogeneities in PM2.5 sources and respective contributions in the cities that the number of collected samples exceeded 75. At the end source apportionment was performed in 11 out of the 16 participating cities. Nine major sources were identified to have contributed to PM2.5: biomass burning, secondary sulfates, traffic, fuel oil combustion, industry, coal combustion, soil, salt and “other sources”. From the averages of sources contributions, considering 11 cities 16% of PM2.5 was attributed to biomass burning, 15% to secondary sulfates, 13% to traffic, 12% to soil, 8.0% to fuel oil combustion, 5.5% to coal combustion, 1.9% to salt, 0.8% to industry emissions, 5.1% to “other sources” and 23% to unaccounted mass. Characteristic seasonal patterns were identified for each PM2.5 source. Biomass burning in all cities, coal combustion in Krakow/POL, and oil combustion in Belgrade/SRB and Banja Luka/BIH increased in Winter due to the impact of domestic heating, whereas in most cities secondary sulfates reached higher levels in Summer as a consequence of the enhanced photochemical activity. During high pollution days the largest sources of fine particles were biomass burning, traffic and secondary sulfates.
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•Data on source apportionment in Eastern European and Central Asian countries is sparse.•The average PM2.5 concentrations measured in the 16 cities exceeded the WHO guidelines.•Biomass burning, traffic and secondary sulfates were the main sources in high pollution days.•Key targets towards healthy cities: clean energy and sustainable transports.
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