LATIN AMERICA AT A CROSSROADS Escobar, Arturo
Cultural studies (London, England),
20/1/1/, Letnik:
24, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This paper examines the socio-economic, political, and cultural transformations that have been taking place in South America during the past ten years, particularly in Ecuador, Venezuela, and ...Bolivia. Whereas at the level of the states the transformations do not seem to venture beyond alternative forms of modernization, the discourses and strategies of some social movements suggest radical possibilities towards post-liberal, post-developmentalist, and post-capitalist social forms. To entertain such a possibility requires that the transformations in question be seen in terms of a double conjuncture: the crisis of the neoliberal project of the past three decades; and the crisis of the project of bringing about modernity to the continent since the Conquest. At stake in many cultural-political mobilizations in Latin America, it is further argued, is the political activation of relational ontologies, such as those of indigenous peoples and Afro-descendents, which differ from the dualist ontologies of liberal modernity.
Al maestro Orlando Fals Borda, luchador incansable, In Memoriam, por su honestidadintelectual y su compromiso político con América Latina, con la vida y con el mundo.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•The acceleration of globalization has put forward new requirements on corporate strategy.•This paper highlights the innovative measures of the family business in the context of globalization and ...identifies the frontiers in this field.•The impact of globalization on family business continues to be a critical issue of research.•According to multiple methods, such as the descriptive analysis, the bibliographic coupling analysis, the co-citation analysis, and the co-occurrence analysis, the evolution, characteristics, and hot topics of family business are summarized.•From the analysis results, family businesses have been actively seeking change to adapt to the new stage of globalization.
Accelerated globalization has created new requirements for corporate strategies. Understanding the statistical relationship between economic globalization and family business development is important in advancing the theory and practice in this field. This study aims to explore economic changes and their influence on the family businesses when globalization thrives. To achieve this, we utilize a bibliometric analysis with visualization tools: VOSviewer and R Bibliometrix. The relevant literature from 1900 to 2021 is collected using retrieval formulas from the Web of Science Core Collection. First, this study analyzes the literature from multiple aspects, including authors, citations, journals, keywords, and countries, to define the features of the publications. Then, bibliographic coupling, co-citation, and co-occurrence analyses are conducted. The results show the evolution of the literature related to family businesses with globalization. Furthermore, the current challenges and popular issues are discussed for future research. This paper highlights the innovative measures of family businesses in the context of globalization and identifies the frontiers in this field.
•LULC interfaces between forest and other land uses modeled human-caused wildfire.•Euro Mediterranean Europe was analyzed in two time periods, 1990s and 2000s.•Models positive related interface ...density to an increase in fire density.•At country-level analysis did not revealed significant differences in the models.•A ten year period can be scarce to detect significant LULC changes linked to fire.
In the period 1980s–2010s, 95% of wildfires in Mediterranean Europe were due to human causes. In this highly populated region, socio-economic changes occurred in the last decades have influenced wildfire activity. Socio-economic drivers are difficult to model at regional/global scales due to lack of spatial and temporal homogeneous data sources. In this paper, human caused-wildfires have been modeled using Land Use-Land Cover (LULC) interfaces based on the theoretical relationships found in previous works between human activities associated to this areas and fire occurrence. Generalized Additive Models were used to analyze human-caused fire occurrence in the European Mediterranean (EUMed) basin (Portugal, Spain, South-France and Italy) in two different time periods 1990s and 2000s. The estimated effects of the LULC interfaces on fire occurrence were significant in all periods in the whole study area and at country level, except in Portugal. Concerning trends, no significant changes were observed between periods in EUMed and in the individual countries. Nevertheless influence of the LULC interfaces on wildfire occurrence exhibited different tendencies among the studied sites.
Over the past 20 years, a number of regulatory efforts have been applied to improve air quality in the United States and specifically in New York State. These measures generally focused on mobile ...emissions through emissions controls and improved fuel quality, and controls on electricity generation to reduce emissions from older, uncontrolled electricity generation units (EGUs). In addition, economic drivers such as the major recession in 2007–2009 and the change in the relative costs of natural gas and coal also drove changes in the mixture of EGU technologies. To assess the effects of these changes and to define the baseline for future changes as the economy further decarbonizes through renewable electricity generation and electric vehicles, the concentrations of all pollutants measured at all regulatory monitoring sites in New York State were assessed for their trends. Trends were examined using seasonal-trend decomposition with local regression smoothing (STL), Mann-Kendall trend analysis with the Theil-Sen nonparametric slope estimation, and piecewise regression analysis to identify breakpoints in the slopes of the time series data. The concentrations of primary gaseous pollutants, CO, NO2, and SO2 have decreased substantially in step with the declining emissions. PM2.5 has substantially declined largely due to the reductions in particulate sulfate. However, in recent years, the rate of decline has diminished due to relatively constant or increasing particulate nitrate and secondary organic aerosol. O3 has also generally increased at the urban sites likely as a result of reduced NOx emissions, while it declined or remained constant at the rural sites. Thus, the promulgated regulations assisted by the economic drivers have improved air quality, but additional actions will be needed to further reduce urban O3 and PM2.5.
Display omitted
•Concentrations trends of criteria pollutants measured across New York were assessed.•Multiple trend analyses were applied to assess regulatory and economic drivers.•SO2 declined the most as a result of the closure of coal fired power plants.•NO2, CO, and PM2.5 declined at lower rates.•Ozone increased at most monitoring sites indicating that they are VOC-limited.
Background. This article deals with the topical issue of the formation of the type of thinking of a modern entrepreneur under the influence of political and socio-economic changes in the country.
The ...purpose of the article. To reveal the features of the economic thinking of Russian entrepreneurs.
Materials and methods. During the analysis of the influence of the modern market system on the formation of types of economic thinking of entrepreneurs, the features of economic perception that are inherent in Russian businessmen and socio-cultural signs that characterize the modern business environment are revealed. The article uses qualitative and quantitative approaches, the main of which is the method of thematic analysis.
The results of the study. The author proves that the effectiveness of the development of the Russian economic, social and political system largely depends on the quality of entrepreneurial activity. And this quality is primarily influenced by the level of economic thinking of an entrepreneur, which develops and transforms under the influence of historical and social phenomena in society.
Conclusions. Each society forms its own type of economic consciousness. It is greatly influenced by the prevailing form of ownership in the entrepreneurial environment and the level of development of the entrepreneur’s consciousness, its structure and dynamics within the constantly changing economic and social conditions of Russian society.
Delta systems formed by the deposition of sediments at the mouths of large catchments are vulnerable to sea level rise and other climate change impacts. Deltas often have some of the highest ...population densities in the world and the Mahanadi Delta in India is one of these, with a population of 39 million. The Mahanadi River is a major river in East Central India and flows through Chattisgarh and Orissa states before discharging into the Bay of Bengal. This study uses an Integrated Catchment Model (INCA) to simulate flow dynamics and water quality (nitrogen and phosphorus) and to analyze the impacts of climate change and socio-economic drivers in the Mahanadi River system. Future flows affected by large population growth, effluent discharge increases and changes in irrigation water demand from changing land uses are assessed under shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs). Model results indicate a significant increase in monsoon flows under the future climates at 2050s (2041–2060) and 2090s (2079–2098) which greatly enhances flood potential. The water availability under low flow conditions will be worsened because of increased water demand from population growth and increased irrigation in the future. Decreased concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus are expected due to increased flow hence dilution. Socio-economic scenarios have a significant impact on water quality but less impact on the river flow. For example, higher population growth, increased sewage treatment discharges, land use change and enhanced atmospheric deposition would result in the deterioration of water quality, while the upgrade of the sewage treatment works lead to improved water quality. In summary, socio-economic scenarios would change future water quality of the Mahanadi River and alter nutrient fluxes transported into the delta region. This study has serious implications for people's livelihoods in the deltaic area and could impact coastal and Bay of Bengal water ecology.
Display omitted
•Multi-branched INCA models were used to simulate flow, N and P fluxes.•Three climate models projected increases in high flow and nutrient reductions by 2090s.•Some future climate and socioeconomic scenarios lead to increases in nutrient levels.•Different socio-economic changes greatly alter nutrient fluxes transported into the delta.
Families in Indonesia experienced changes and economic pressures in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is very important to know the full picture of family resilience in ...Indonesia, especially in the economic aspect. This study analyzes economic changes, coping strategies, and their effects on subjective family welfare at the pandemic's start. Data were collected through a Family Condition Survey, carried out specifically through online media, for 14 days in 34 provinces. The unit of analysis in this study is the family, that is married couples who have or do not have children, with a total sample of 20,680 respondents. This study conducted univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses using Cross Tabulation, Chi-Square Test and Binary Logistic Regression with Odds Ratio. The results of the study show that there are worsening economic changes, such as working conditions, finances and food adequacy. In this case, environmental factors are the family's socioeconomic and financial conditions (education, income, employment), which are still the main factors and significantly influence the subjective well-being of the family. However, the subjective welfare of families in Indonesia is still quite good; most families are still happy, remain grateful, and communicate well. Coping strategies in managing family finances, such as saving and using savings, are the most widely used. However, these efforts are constrained by low family income and increased additional needs during the pandemic. There is a need for further research that can fully describe post-pandemic family economic coping strategies in the last 12 months.
•We develop a quantitative spatial equilibrium model with emissions regulation.•Counterfactual analyses of regional structural changes due to emissions regulation.•Emissions regulations impact ...regional GDP via regional-sectoral linkages.•Cross-regional impacts of emissions regulations have typical geographical characteristics.•Sectoral linkages widen variation in emissions regulations’ impact on regional GDP.
We develop and quantitatively evaluate a spatial general equilibrium model that incorporates carbon emission regulations. We study the impact of emission regulation on the economies of regions within a country under climate change mitigation goals, and how the impact of emission regulation in one region influences other regions through regional‒sectoral linkages. The model is calibrated using Chinese regional and sectoral data, and several counterfactual exercises are performed. The results indicate that undifferentiated increases in emission regulation across regions have resulted in inter-regional differences in real GDP changes; however, “equity-oriented” regionally differentiated emissions regulations reduce this imbalance. Regarding interactions between regions, negative impacts on the economy are characterized by geographical proximity, whereas positive impacts are not geographically constrained. Sectoral linkages exacerbate the negative economic impacts of emission regulations and widen regional disparities. Additionally, we demonstrate the extended application of our model through two case studies.
•The EDGAR dataset provides decades-long time series of GHG emissions for all world countries.•The EDGAR V5.0 updates CO2 emissions data to 2018 and non-CO2 to 2015.•EDGAR shows an overall upward ...trend for global GHG emissions.•A detailed overview of emission trends and features is provided by gas, by activity sector and by geographical areas.
Over the last three decades, socio-economic, demographic and technological transitions have been witnessed throughout the world, modifying both sectorial and geographical distributions of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Understanding these trends is central to the design of current and future climate change mitigation policies, requiring up-to-date methodologically robust emission inventories such as the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), the European Commission’s in-house, independent global emission inventory. EDGAR is a key tool to track the evolution of GHG emissions and contributes to quantifying the global carbon budget, providing independent and systematically calculated emissions for all countries.
According to the results of the EDGAR v.5.0 release, total anthropogenic global greenhouse gas emissions (excluding land use, land use change and forestry) were estimated at 49.1 Gt CO2eq in 2015, 50 % higher than in 1990, despite a monotonic decrease in GHG emissions per unit of economic output. Between 1990 and 2015, emissions from developed countries fell by 9%, while emissions from low to medium income countries increased by 130%, predominantly from 2000 onwards. The 27 Member States of the European Union and the United Kingdom led the pathway for emission reductions in industrialised economies whilst, in developing countries, the rise in emissions was driven by higher emissions in China, India, Brazil and nations in the South-East Asian region. This diversity of patterns shows how different patterns for GHG emissions are and the need for identifying regionally tailored emission reduction measures.
PDF
