El turismo puede ser un motor para el crecimiento económico y la mejora de la calidad de vida de las comunidades locales en la Amazonia ecuatoriana, así como para la protección y valoración de sus ...recursos naturales y culturales. Se ha empleado el modelo de la Quintuple Hélice como marco conceptual para el estudio de la innovación abierta y su aplicación en el abordaje de los retos actuales del clúster amazónico. El análisis detallado del clúster permitió establecer un diagnóstico situacional de los agentes locales, los recursos y las relaciones con el entorno, lo suficientemente claro como para desarrollar un nuevo eje de desarrollo sostenible. Como conclusión se establece que el papel de las comunidades locales y las iniciativas de las comunidades indígenas son fundamentales para el desarrollo y la evolución empresarial, además de que los proyectos en el clúster amazónico deben entenderse como una manera de consolidar el crecimiento económico y el bienestar social.
Do better schools lead to more growth? Hanushek, Eric Alan; Woessmann, Ludger
Journal of economic growth (Boston, Mass.),
12/2012, Letnik:
17, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We develop a new metric for the distribution of educational achievement across countries that can further track the cognitive skill distribution within countries and over time. Cross-country growth ...regressions generate a close relationship between educational achievement and GDP growth that is remarkably stable across extensive sensitivity analyses of specification, time period, and country samples. In a series of now-common microeconometric approaches for addressing causality, we narrow the range of plausible interpretations of this strong cognitive skills-growth relationship. These alternative estimation approaches, including instrumental variables, difference-in-differences among immigrants on the U.S. labor market, and longitudinal analysis of changes in cognitive skills and in growth rates, leave the stylized fact of a strong impact of cognitive skills unchanged. Moreover, the results indicate that school policy can be an important instrument to spur growth. The shares of basic literates and high performers have independent relationships with growth, the latter being larger in poorer countries.
•We investigate the effect of technological complexity on regional economic growth in 159 European NUTS 2 regions.•We assess technological complexity based on patent data, using the newly developed ...measure of Structural Diversity.•Our results indicate that technological complexity facilitates regional economic growth.•A 1% percent increase in regional complexity is associated with a 0.045% increase in GDP per capita.•Our results fuel important policy debates about optimal diversification strategies of regions such as the Smart Specialization program of the European Union.
One the one hand, complex technologies offer substantial economic benefits, and on the other, they are difficult to invent and to imitate, and they refuse a fast dissemination. This two-sidedness motivates the idea that regions’ competitive advantages and, in consequence, their economic growth, originate in their ability to produce and utilize complex technologies. However, the relationship between technological complexity and regional economic growth has rarely been empirically investigated. Here, we address this pressing research gap by assessing the complexity of technological activities in 159 European NUTS 2 regions and relating it to their economic growth from 2000 to 2014. Our empirical results suggest that technological complexity is an important predictor of regional economic growth. A 10% increase in complexity is associated with a 0.45% GDP per capita growth. By showing that technological complexity is important for regional economic growth, our results fuel current policy debates about optimal regional policies such as the Smart Specialization strategy.
This paper studies how the effect of trade openness on economic growth may depend on complementary reforms that help a country take advantage of international competition. This issue is illustrated ...with a simple Harris–Todaro model where welfare gains after trade openness depend on the degree of labor market flexibility. The paper then presents cross-country, panel-data evidence on how the growth effect of openness may depend on a variety of structural characteristics. For this purpose, the empirical section uses a non-linear growth regression specification that interacts a proxy of trade openness with proxies of educational investment, financial depth, inflation stabilization, public infrastructure, governance, labor market flexibility, ease of firm entry, and ease of firm exit. The paper concludes that the growth effects of openness may be significantly improved if certain complementary reforms are undertaken.
This article connects two strands of the literature on social trust by directly estimating the effects of trust on growth through a set of potential transmission mechanisms. It does so by modeling ...the process using a 3SLS estimator on a sample of 85 countries for which a full data set is available. The results indicate that trust affects schooling and the rule of law directly, thereby raising economic growth rates. The article closes with a short discussion of the relevance of the findings.
With The Era’s Tour becoming more and more popular, it seems that concerts are being paid more and more attention than ever. However, their economic potentials are extremely under-discovered. This ...article will discuss how powerful and effective concerts are for economic growth. This article will discuss the topic from the different economical aspects a concert possesses, including how profitable they are, how the profitability will affect economic growth, and how the government can make good use of the profitability. The article finds out that concerts can be very helpful when it comes to economic growth because they can increase consumer spending. Concerts can also promote growth in other industries like tourism because for some people, they may have the need to travel for a concert. The government should make good use of concerts to promote economic growth by inviting and helping artists touring and supervising all aspects of touring, especially the pricing of the tickets and the security.
Puzzles of economic growth Balcerowicz, Leszek; Rzonca, Andrzej
2015., 2014, 12-3-2014, 2015
eBook, Book
Odprti dostop
Looking at the economic growth of seemingly similar countries one can find striking differences. Why has Australia gotten so much ahead of New Zealand, in spite of the latter being held up as a ...paragon of free market reform? How is it possible that Austria, with its persistently oversized state enterprise sector, has managed to (nearly) catch up with Switzerland? How can we account for the differences in economic growth between Estonia and Slovenia, and which of these two countries has been more successful at systemic transformation? Why is Mexico so much poorer than Spain, despite having been wealthier all the way into the 1960s? Why has Venezuela, which in 1950 had a per capita income higher than that of Norway and remains a major exporter of oil, slipped behind Chile? Why is Costa Rica lagging behind Puerto Rico, even though in the 1970s the U.S. territory's fast development slowed to a crawl and is now far below other comparable island economies? Why has 'communist' China outstripped 'capitalist' India? Why has Pakistan's growth lagged behind that of Indonesia, even though the latter suffered one of the deepest crises in world economic history in the years 1997-98? Why, even before the 2010 earthquake, the Dominican Republic has been visited by several dozen times more tourists than Haiti, despite being situated on the same island? This book strives to answer these (and many other) questions. They are all part of a broader question that we wish to address: how do differences in economic growth arise?
Amaç: iktisat literatiiriinde finansal gclismcnin ekonomik biiyiime uzerine etkisine ydnelik 90k sayida cal ism a vardir. Sdz konusu calismalar konuyu farkh ydnleriyle analiz ederek farkh sonuclar ...ortaya koymaktadir. Bu calismanin amaci Giircistan ekonomisine iliskin yillik veriler kullamlarak 1996-2018 donemi icin finansal gel ismcn i n ekonomik biiyume uzerine etkisini analiz etmektedir. Yiintem: Bu calisma Pesaran vd.'nin (2001) gelistirdigi ARDL csbiitiinlcsmc sinir testi yaklasimini kullanarak dcgiskcnlcr arasindaki iI isk iyi analiz ctmistir. Bulgular: Tahmin edilen uzun donem analiz sonuclari Giircistan'da finansal alandaki gclismcnin ekonomik biiyumeyi olumlu sckildc etkileyecegi sonucunu ortaya koymaktadir. Bu sonuc, Giircistan ekonomisi icin finansal sektoriin gclistirilmcsinc yonelik uygulamalann ekonomik biiyiime iizerinde pozitif etki yapacagini gostermektedir. Ozgiinliik: Giircistan'da finansal gclismclcrin ekonomik biiyiime iizerindeki etkisini arastirmaya yonelik az sayida calisma bulunmasi sebebiyle bu calismanin ozgiin oldugu diisiiniilmcktcdir.
Thomas Piketty's recent book Capital in the Twenty-First Century (2014) is a timely and important contribution that turns this paper's attention to striking long-run trends in economic inequality. ...This paper presents the core distinction between the gross and the net theories of saving and explains how they interrelate. This paper then uses each theory to predict the future, on the basis of a falling growth rate. Given the rather dramatic differences in predictions between the two theories, this paper then attempts to evaluate the theories. This paper shows that Piketty's theory generates implausibly high gross saving rates for low growth rates. This paper looks at the predictions coming from the benchmark model used in the empirical microeconomic literature, namely, the setting based on intertemporal utility maximization. Finally, it looks at aggregate data from the US as well as other countries from the perspective of the textbook Solow theory, Piketty's theory, and that based on optimizing saving.
Using panel data for a large set of high-income, emerging market, developing, and transition countries, we find robust evidence that the large output loss from financial crises and some types of ...political crises is highly persistent. The results on financial crises are also highly robust to the assumption on exogeneity. Moreover, we find strong evidence of growth over optimism before financial crises. We also find a distinction between the output impact of civil wars versus other crises, in that there is a partial output rebound for civil wars but no significant rebound for financial crises or the other political crises. (JEL D72, D74, E32, E44, O17, O47)
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