The effects of tourism on the ecology and natural environment of tourist destinations are hotly debated and research has expanded in the field of ecotourism and sustainability. This book considers ...the positive contributions that tourism can make to the conservation of global biodiversity by reviewing and analysing the economic and political contributions of tourism to conservation through establishment of private game and wildlife reserves, lodges and tourist facilities. Featuring 100 international case studies from private marine reserves to bird watching lodges, this book covers key topics including sources of capital and operational funding, corporate and organisational structure, marketing strategies, primary conservation outcomes and spin-off effects, links to public protected areas, future plans and global trends.
The Mediterranean coastal regions of Southern Europe have long been world leaders in mass tourism. This book examines some key questions for tourism development in these areas, with implications for ...similar regions across the world. The standardised forms of mass tourism are diversifying – with more specialised forms, notably those based on nature, culture and heritage, and those catering for special interests. There is a growing spectrum of modes of tourism, with an emphasis on variety, flexibility and permeability. Both mass tourism and the more diversified forms substantially impact on sustainable development. Policies promoting sustainable development are often of two main types: developing smaller-scale, alternative tourism products that are intended to be less damaging to the environment and society, and secondly, attempts to make mass tourism coastal resorts more sustainable. But there has been little critical assessment of these policies, either evaluating their basic assumptions or their successes and failures in practice. This edited book critically examines these issues for varied coastal regions in Southern Europe, including case studies from Spain, Croatia, Turkey, and north and south Cyprus.
This study investigates the effects of self-ecotourism personality differences on consumer perceptions of actual, ideal and social self-ecotourism congruity. Additionally, we study the effects of ...actual, ideal and social self-ecotourism congruity on the willingness to pay more for ecotourism. Finally, our study explores to what extent demographic variables moderate the effect of self-ecotourism personality differences on consumer perceptions of self-ecotourism congruity and of self-ecotourism congruity on the willingness to pay more for ecotourism. This moderated mediation model is tested in a sample of 1041 adult consumers from the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium (Flanders), and the data are analyzed with multi-group structural equation modelling. The results show that the more ecotourism is perceived to have a stronger responsible, emotional and, to a certain extent active, personality than a respondent’s personality, the more ecotourism is considered by that person as congruent with the actual, ideal and/or social self. In turn, actual, ideal and social self-ecotourism congruity increase the willingness to pay more for ecotourism. Demographic factors, particularly gender and level of income, significantly moderate this process. Contributions to self-congruity theory and the role of individual and brand personality are offered, as well as managerial implications for branding and promoting ecotourism.
•A more responsible and emotional self-ecotourism personality is more self-congruent.•A more active self-ecotourism personality is more congruent with the ideal self.•Self-ecotourism congruity determines the willingness to pay more for ecotourism.•This personality and congruity mechanism differs between demographic segments.
This study aims at examining the sustainability of mangrove ecotourism at Cengkrong Mangroves Ecotourism in Indonesia. A quantitative approach was adopted to capture the complexity of the phenomenon. ...The study was conducted in an area with most mangroves in Indonesia, including Cengkrong Ecotourism in Trenggalek, East Java. Sustainability is achieved when each stakeholder makes a positive contribution to others in ecology, economy, social, institutional and law enforcement, and technology. Using multi-dimensional scaling and Monte Carlo approach, the findings of this study indicate that Cengkrong mangrove ecotourism is classified as “sustainable” (76.20%). The highest dimension is ecology due to the minimum level of pollution in the area. Even Cengkrong beach mangrove is a tourist destination which is potentially polluted by the tourist; however, the area is not densely populated. Nevertheless, amongst the other indicator, social is the lowest (67.95%).
Birdwatching is one of the conservation education techniques used to increase awareness related to the importance of bird conservation. EEA Bagek Kembar is an area with the potential to be developed ...as a Birdwatching Ecotourism site. This research aims to understand the public’s perception, especially visitors, regarding the potential development of Birdwatching Ecotourism in EEA Mangrove Bagek Kembar. Data on the public’s perceptions of EEA Mangrove Bagek Kembar were collected using questionnaires and observations. The data analysis method used in this research is qualitative descriptive analysis. Based on the research findings, the areas with potential for development as Birdwatching Ecotourism in EEA Mangrove Bagek Kembar are the coastal and rehabilitated mangrove areas. This is supported by birdwatching activities previously conducted by visitors to EEA Mangrove Bagek Kembar. Visitors to EEA Mangrove Bagek Kembar, predominantly students, have identified more than 5 bird species in the EEA Bagek Kembar area. Visitors show a high interest in birdwatching activities and support the development of birdwatching ecotourism in EEA Bagek Kembar.
This study examined the relationships among materialism, ecotourism attitude, ecotourism interest, ecotourism intention, and willingness to pay a premium for ecotourism utilizing a model that was ...developed based on the literature. Data for this study were collected from 2,352 Italian travelers and proposed hypotheses were tested using a structural equation modeling approach. Findings indicated that individuals’ materialistic value has negative relationships with their ecotourism attitude, ecotourism interest, ecotourism intention, and willingness to pay a premium for ecotourism products and services. Findings also suggested that individuals’ ecotourism attitude would positively influence ecotourism intention, ecotourism interest, and willingness to pay a premium for ecotourism products and services.
Mangroves in Southeast Asia provide numerous supporting, provisioning, regulating, and cultural services that are crucial to the environment and local livelihoods since they support biodiversity ...conservation and climate change resilience. However, Southeast Asia mangroves face deforestation threats from the expansion of commercial aquaculture, agriculture, and urban development, along with climate change-related natural processes. Ecotourism has gained prominence as a financial incentive tool to support mangrove conservation and restoration. Through a systematic literature review approach, we examined the relationships between ecotourism and mangrove conservation in Southeast Asia based on scientific papers published from 2010 to 2022. Most of the studies were reported in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, respectively, which were associated with the highest number of vibrant mangrove ecotourism sites and largest mangrove areas compared to the other countries of Southeast Asia. Mangrove-related ecotourism activities in the above countries mainly include boat tours, bird and wildlife watching, mangrove planting, kayaking, eating seafood, and snorkeling. The economic benefits, such as an increase in income associated with mangrove ecotourism, have stimulated infrastructural development in ecotourism destinations. Local communities benefited from increased access to social amenities such as clean water, electricity, transportation networks, schools, and health services that are intended to make destinations more attractive to tourists. Economic benefits from mangrove ecotourism motivated the implementation of several community-based mangrove conservation and restoration initiatives, which attracted international financial incentives and public-private partnerships. Since mangroves are mostly located on the land occupied by indigenous people and local communities, ensuring respect for their land rights and equity in economic benefit sharing may increase their intrinsic motivation and participation in mangrove restoration and conservation initiatives. Remote sensing tools for mangrove monitoring, evaluation, and reporting, and integrated education and awareness campaigns can ensure the long-term conservation of mangroves while sustaining ecotourism's economic infrastructure and social amenities benefits.
•Most studies were reported in Indonesia and Malaysia with the most mangrove area and ecotourism sites.•Ecotourism activities included boat tours, wildlife watching, tree planting, kayaking, seafood eating, and snorkeling.•Ecotourism revenue stimulated infrastructural development in mangrove-dependent local communities.•Ecotourism driven economic benefits motivated the implementation of mangrove conservation and restoration initiatives.•Mangrove ecotourism is experiencing a surge in Southeast Asia due to its unique attractions.
This study aims to examine an ecotourism behavioral model using environmental attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, perceived ecotourism usefulness, biospheric value, ecotourism ...self-identity, ecotourism behavioral intention, and ecotourism behavior among nature-based tourists. The analysis tested ten hypotheses and integrated the theory of planned behavior, the technology acceptance model, value-belief-norm theory, and social identity theory to provide an integrated ecotourism behavioral model for four important Taiwanese nature-based tourism destinations. This integrated framework provides an approach to creating critical insights for nature-based tourism researchers and managers to accurately grasp the factors that influence ecotourism behavior. Managers of nature-based tourism destinations should offer ecotourism programs that focus on ecotourism experiences that increase ecotourism behavioral intentions by increasing levels of perceived ecotourism usefulness, biospheric value, ecotourism self-identity, environmental attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, thereby enhancing ecotourism behavior at nature-based tourism destinations and assisting in the development of sustainable tourism.
To analyze Taiwanese ecotourism with international standards, this research employed the social learning theory (SLT) to identify the determinants of Taiwanese community ecotourism with the ...international standards. This basic theory of social psychology comprehensively assays the interplays and interconnections among the three analytical perspectives (ecotourism tours, destinations, and accommodations), the four essential issues (management, social, cultural, and environment) of the Global Sustainable Tourism Council, the six assessed dimensions of ecotourism resolution from the WCC, and the twenty-nine assessed indexes of the KES ecotourism evaluations. It was then possible to comprehensively explore the sustainable determinants of Taiwanese ecotourism with the international standards through the FA of quantitative and qualitative analyses in combination with the highest research validity, reliability, representativeness, and accuracy. After analyzing the evaluated measurements, the empirical and valuable conclusions and findings are (1) these analytical perspectives, appraised attitudes, evaluated criteria, and sub-criteria positively advance Taiwanese ecotourism with the international standards (PITEEICIS); (2) the sustainable determinants of Taiwanese ecotourism with the international standards include the Support for Capacity Building of the Local Community (SCBLC), Cooperation with the Local Community (CLC), Supports for the Local Enterprises (SLE), Local Participation and Benefits Sharing Duties (LPBSD), Tourist Management (TM), and Responsible Tourist Behaviors Inducement (RTBI). Importantly, the majority of ecotourism industrialists and experts still focus on the economic benefits, such as supporting the local community and enterprises, rather than tourist behavior inducement to stimulate ecotourism participation in order to promote and advance the Taiwanese ecotourism to the international standards; (3) in order to promote Taiwanese ecotourism to the international conventions, the Taiwanese government and organizations in ecotourism should contribute toward the local welfare and create and design various training programs and courses to enhance local community's awareness and capability of ecotourism development in order to establish a complete system that stimulates the ongoing planning and decision making of local community participation and regularly monitors, records, and reflects their opinions, based on the area's history, culture, and natural attributes, to develop and sell sustainable local products by creating fair trade principles and valuable products.
Abstract
The mangrove ecosystem is one of the ecosystems that are very important for the life of flora, fauna as well as the people around it. The development of mangrove ecosystems into ecotourism ...is one way to the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems so that have a negative impact on the lives of their creatures. The development of ecotourism needs to be supported by tourist attractiveness as well as learning to tourists to care about their environment in accordance with the principles of ecotourism namely responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment and improving the well-being of local people. This paper focuses on the potential attractiveness of ecotourism development in Karawang Regency. The method used in this research is to do calculations using weights and scoring. The results showed that Sukakerta Village has a potential attractive attraction for mangrove ecotourism development in Karawang Regency, while Rawagempol Kulon and Tambaksari Village have an unattractive potential for mangrove ecotourism development and other villages have the attractive potential for mangrove ecotourism development due to inadequate facilities and accessibility.
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