EDITOR'S NOTE
The journal of the Civil War era,
09/2018, Letnik:
8, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Written by leading scholars in the field, the essays that follow push scholars to expand the definition of southern Unionism, remember that the natural environment is a powerful determinant in ...military engagements, consider what names Americans gave the war-and when and where those names were used-and look again at how the postwar Klan was organized. A number of Americans proved willing to weigh in on which name was the right one, recording their preferences in surveys that began in 1907 and continued until the 1990s; these public usage polls record the persistence of labels such as "Rebellion" and the near absence of "War of Northern Aggression." Readers who still mourn the cancelation of the series Underground (2016-17) will find little to console them in this essay that traces Hollywood's love affair with racist stereotypes, but a few will be inspired to search YouTube for clips of some of the more obscure films Stevenson describes, such as Band of Angels (1957) and Tamango (1958), two early efforts to portray enslaved people as heroic.
The moment Tivadar "Theo" Puskas set the needle down onto the freshly-indented grooves of his tinfoil cylinder and the nasal sounds of phonographic reproduction reached the ears of the hushed ...audience, Paris was ushered into the recording era. Puskas' successful demonstration of the Edison phonograph before members of the French Academie des Sciences in Paris on 11 March 1878 marked a decisive turning point in a year-long race on both sides of the Atlantic to mechanically reproduce the human voice for the first time. Charles Cros (1842-1888), the French poet and amateur scientist whose paleophone design had been submitted to the Academie des Sciences on 30 April 1877--months before Thomas Edison produced a working phonograph--quickly found himself outpaced by the American's financial and technical means, and never managed to realize his own design during his lifetime. The restored Scott phonautogram has rekindled old debates, scholarly and popular alike, over the "true" origins of sound reproduction, bringing new impetus to the development of Sound Studies in France.
As argued by Wilcomb Washburn, no other ethnic group has been misrepresented in media and popular culture to such extent as the Native Americans (2010). Movies that shaped their image did so by ...crystallizing stereotypes and misconceptions, through which indigenous peoples have been perceived until the present day. Thomas Edison’s vignettes, early westerns, as well as subsequent motion pictures of the 1960s and 1970s strengthened the stereotypes of the vanishing Indians, bloodthirsty savages, and their noble alter ego. The 1990s brought about a revival of the western in its new, revisionist form, mainly due to the achievements of the American Indian Movement. This paper argues that the movie Thunderheart (1992) by Michael Apted — albeit belonging to that ostensibly revolutionary current — continues to reproduce various well established stereotypes in the portrayal of the Native Americans . It examines significantachievements of this partly liberal motion picture, as well as its failures and faults. Thisarticle argues that Thunderheart departs from traditional, dualistic portrayals of Native Americans as bloodthirsty and noble savages and manages to present a revisionist version of historical events; at the same time, it fails to omit numerous Hollywood clichés, such as stereotypical representation of native spirituality, formation of an “Indian identity”, and “othering” of the Native Americans, which contributes to their further alienation and cultural appropriation. This paper provides an insightful analysis of the movie, drawing on scholarship in the field of cultural and indigenous studies in order to lay bare the ambivalence towards indigenous people in the United States, that is reflected in the movie industry. Moreover, it indicates towards the commodification of native culture, as well as the perception of Native Americans as primitive and inferior, allowing to classify Thunderheartas an unfortunate product of colonialism.
Recently, NICE was given the task of governing the Cancer Drug Fund (CDF) in the UK as the latter was criticized for allowing too many insufficiently tested drugs to be covered 1, 2. The CDF was ...initiated in 2012, but immediately received criticism from several health economists because of the rather strict coverage criteria that are commonly used by NICE for most other health services in the NHS. This led to questions about the use of different reimbursement criteria (why have a different fund otherwise?) for expensive cancer drugs. Such a separate fund would potentially take away large amounts of the collective health budget. This led to questions about the use of different reimbursement criteria (why have a different fund otherwise?) for expensive cancer drugs compared to other technologies. This is just one example of discussions that are taking place in many countries on the issue of drug coverage policies. This development takes place against a background of increasingly intense discussion on pricing and affordability of (new) cancer drugs, the responsible behavior of pharmaceutical companies that spend public resources for R&D, and the lack of transparency in pricing and R&D expenditure in combination with profit margins of sometimes up to 20%. We argue that Real-World Evidence (RWE) may play a much greater and, on occasion, pivotal role in developing sustainable cancer care, because it allows much better estimates of actual drug use and costs and increases transparency in health outcomes.
This paper maps the connection of Milton and Edison in the late Victorian imagination as examples of geniuses. I argue that their juxtaposition is rooted in the voice hearing etymology of the genius, ...but more importantly in the notion of what I call the phonographic author. Drawing on nineteenth-century periodicals and books, I will be comparing Edison’s own vision of the phonograph in authoring books and the Victorian popular imagination elaboration on the same, especially in Uzanne’s short story ‘The End of Books’ (1894) while showing Milton’s own role in making such an idea of the phonographic author feasible.
Thomas Edison and the battle between AC and DC current; the struggle between private and public ownership; the emergence of state regulatory commissions; the debate between Giant and Super Power; ...Samuel Insull and the rise of public utility holding companies; the reforms of the New Deal and the death of public utility holding companies; the Tennessee Valley Authority and the expansion of federal hydroelectric dams; and rural electrification. Holding companies were killed, and in an effort to address the problems identified by an intensive Federal Trade Commission report, new federal regulation and supervision were placed with the Federal Power Commission. ...the number of cooperatives distributing electricity rose significantly in the 1930s.
This 1867 document, akin to a patent application for the US Patent Office, is among the first to describe processes for producing both motion and color photography. It precedes by 20 years Edison's ...1888 kinetograph/kinetoscope design, the earliest working prototype of cinema. Its author is Charles Cros, who also outlined a phonograph system in 1877, a few months before Edison displayed his working phonograph. Cros is mostly known as a poet, fiction writer and playwright associated with members of the French Symbolist and Decadent movements (Arthur Rimbaud, Paul Verlaine, Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam). Yet he was an accomplished technician and inspired media innovator who deserves reconsideration in media history. Evidence of his status comes for instance from his close collaboration with Jules-Adrien Carpentier, the very engineer the Lumière Brothers tasked with constructing their Cinématographe camera. Sent to and received by the French Academy of Sciences, this document is in three parts. The first describes with prescient specificity the photographic synthesis of motion. The second offers several ways of achieving the photographic synthesis of color using filters and projection (rather than pigment and print, as later achieved in the 1890s). The last and more cryptic section concerns an ambitious theory of perception. Unpublished in French until 1970, this document will be of wide interest to scholars of media history, cinema and photography studies, literary studies, and modernist studies. The introductory essay makes a strong case for rehabilitating Charles Cros as a key inceptor of modern audiovisual media.
Right to the Source Harbster, Jennifer
The Science teacher (National Science Teachers Association),
03/2015, Letnik:
82, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Harbster talks about a silent film A Day with Thomas A. Edison produced by the General Electric Co in 1922. It offers a glimpse into early 20th-century science and industry and also humanizes the ...larger-than-life Wizard of Menlo Park. The 24-minute film captures the industrious 74-year-old inventor, scientist, and industrialist at his laboratory in Orange NJ.
Black highlights The Living Cell: A Silent Teaching Film, one of the films designed for classroom use across the curriculum. Created in 1929, this short film was produced by Eastman Teaching Films ...Inc, a division of the Eastman Kodak Co, in collaboration with the Department of Biology and Public Health at MIT. This film may give your students opportunities to explore topics in the history of science and education, as well as the development of technology and media. It incorporates live-action and animated visuals, and includes segments related to cell division and internal structures, with focuses on "single-celled organisms", "multi-celled organisms", and plant cell division.
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