Employee Job Search Boswell, Wendy R.; Zimmerman, Ryan D.; Swider, Brian W.
Journal of management,
01/2012, Letnik:
38, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Job search behaviors occur across various contexts, involving diverse populations of job seekers searching for employment opportunities. In particular, individuals may search for their first jobs ...following a period of education, may seek reemployment following job loss, or may search for new opportunities while currently employed. Research in each of these contexts has evolved somewhat separately, yet there is value to applying the ideas and findings from one search context to other search contexts. The purpose of this article is to review the prior research in each of the three job search contexts and offer an integrative analysis of the predictors, processes, consequences, and varying objectives of job search behavior across an individual’s potential employment situations (i.e., new entrant, job loser, employed job seeker). Implications for future research on job search behavior are discussed.
Propensity score matching (PSM) has become a popular approach to estimate causal treatment effects. It is widely applied when evaluating labour market policies, but empirical examples can be found in ...very diverse fields of study. Once the researcher has decided to use PSM, he is confronted with a lot of questions regarding its implementation. To begin with, a first decision has to be made concerning the estimation of the propensity score. Following that one has to decide which matching algorithm to choose and determine the region of common support. Subsequently, the matching quality has to be assessed and treatment effects and their standard errors have to be estimated. Furthermore, questions like ‘what to do if there is choice‐based sampling?’ or ‘when to measure effects?’ can be important in empirical studies. Finally, one might also want to test the sensitivity of estimated treatment effects with respect to unobserved heterogeneity or failure of the common support condition. Each implementation step involves a lot of decisions and different approaches can be thought of. The aim of this paper is to discuss these implementation issues and give some guidance to researchers who want to use PSM for evaluation purposes.
The influx of refugees from Ukraine over the past year could have led to an uncontrolled increase in unemployment in Poland and Europe, but this did not happen. European countries took immediate ...measures to support Ukrainian refugees and their integration into the labour markets. In Poland, at the end of January 2023, there were 15.6 thousand unemployed citizens from this country registered in labour offices, who accounted for only 1.8 per cent of the total number of unemployed. In 2022, on the other hand, more than 1 million Ukrainian citizens were legalised for work, which indicates their good integration into Polish society. In the article, I analyse the measures taken in the wake of Russia’s attack on Ukraine and show that the European economy, despite the crisis caused by the war, requires a continuous replenishment of the labour supply of workers. I address the issues of European labour markets, the activities of employment services in other countries receiving refugees and I also cite the results of research conducted in Polish and European employment services.
En Algérie, la population jeune âgée de moins de 25 ans constitue une opportunité à valoriser pour assurer un développement durable. Les jeunes sont les premières victimes du chômage alors que des ...politiques ont été élaborées pour promouvoir la création d’emplois. Les politiques menées depuis plus de trois décennies se sont traduites par un mouvement continu de la baisse du taux de chômage, sans pour autant qu’il s’agisse d’emplois durables. Une analyse des différentes politiques d’emploi entreprises par les autorités éclaire sur le lien entre l’emploi et la sphère macro-économique. Cette étude nous permet de faire le constat que, pour le cas de l’Algérie, l’investissement dans le domaine des énergies renouvelables et le développement des investissements directs étrangers peut être un moteur de création d’emplois durables. Classification JEL : J08, J64, E24
One of the main problems the world is currently dealing with is unemployment. The characteristics of the labor market in the Republic of Serbia are long-term high unemployment rate, unfavorable ...qualification structure, high youth unemployment rate, regionally unequally distributed unemployment, and insufficient measures of active state employment policy. These characteristics point to complex issues that can be characterized as a type of labor market disparity. The problem is that the existing labor supply is finding it increasingly difficult to adapt to the changing demand for labor, which is associated with growing competition in the global market and accelerated technological change. The fact that Serbia's unemployment rates are higher than those of the EU's member states is particularly significant given that the Republic of Serbia's employment policy's primary objectives are the establishment of an effective, stable, and sustainable employment growth trend and the harmonization of employment policy and labor market institutions with the EU acquis. Insufficient use of human resources of a country has a direct impact on its economy and national income, which directly has negative repercussions on the living standards of the population and increasing poverty.
Whether territorial (intergovernmental) decision rules adversely impact the policy-opinion link is a controversial topic, and unresolved in part due to a lack of empirical evidence. This study ...leverages the European Union's (EU) codecision reform - introduced to tackle the EU's democratic deficit - to evaluate whether it caused EU policies to better track public opinion (mood).. The analysis links an original dataset of ideologically scaled EU policies with existing datasets on European public opinion (1990-2008) and applies the difference-in-differences (DiD) causal inference design. The study finds that EU policies adopted under codecision more closely track European public opinion shifts. The finding supports the argument that territorial legislative procedures can hurt the democratic legitimacy of public policies. This has significant implications for the reform of the EU and of global governance, and contributes to the broader field of political representation and the debate on territorial representation.
Studies suggest that welfare-to-work programmes increase lone mother's employment, but their impact on child and adolescent socioemotional development is unclear. The lone parent obligation (LPO) ...reform introduced a requirement for lone mothers entitled to unconditional Income Support (IS) to seek paid work actively as a condition to receive benefits. We use data from the UK Millennium Cohort Study to examine the impact of work search requirements for lone parents on child and adolescent socioemotional development. We apply a difference-in-differences approach that exploits gradual changes from 2008 to 2017 in children's maximum eligibility age to receive IS and assess effects on child and adolescent Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores. We find that the LPO reform led to a ten-percentage point increase in lone mothers' employment but no change in the risk of family poverty. The reform led to a small but statistically significant increase in adolescents' SDQ scores, which indicated worse mental health and was largely driven by increased emotional problems. It also led to an increase in mothers' distress and poor self-rated health, and mothers' reports that time spent with children was insufficient. Our findings highlight the need to consider trade-offs between employment gains and child and adolescent socioemotional development in assessing the net impact of welfare-to-work policies targeting lone parents.
•The Lone Parent Obligation reform led to increases in lone mothers' employment.•There was no significant change in the risks of family poverty.•Lone mothers experienced higher risks of psychological distress.•The reform did not improve adolescents' socioemotional development.
The article aims to identify the dimensions and factors of policy alienation that have a significant impact on the practice of civil servants when implementing employment policy. The data of the ...empirical research revealed that civil servants experience powerlessness due to the following factors: insufficient coherence of employment policy objectives with objectives of other social and welfare policies, lack of interinstitutional cooperation, and autonomy in implementing internal institutional requirements. Meanwhile, the factors of meaninglessness are related to red tape and categories, as distinguished by informants, of unemployed clients, whose expectations are incommensurable with the aims and means of implemented employment policy.
Active labour market policy evaluations Card, David; Kluve, Jochen; Weber, Andrea
The Economic journal (London),
November 2010, Letnik:
120, Številka:
548
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article presents a meta‐analysis of recent microeconometric evaluations of active labour market policies. We categorise 199 programme impacts from 97 studies conducted between 1995 and 2007. Job ...search assistance programmes yield relatively favourable programme impacts, whereas public sector employment programmes are less effective. Training programmes are associated with positive medium‐term impacts, although in the short term they often appear ineffective. We also find that the outcome variable used to measure programme impact matters, but neither the publication status of a study nor the use of a randomised design is related to the sign or significance of the programme estimate.
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