Chile is now in a unique political situation. Supported by the Nueva Mayoría, a new coalition by the parties of the former Concertación and the Communist Party, Socialist Michelle Bachelet arrived to ...power with a program more ambitious than his previous government (2006-2010). It promises substantial reform of the institutions inherited from the dictatorship. This change in speech and alliance Reproduced by permission of Bibliothèque de Sciences Po
Rural Families and Work Bauer, Jean W; Dolan, Elizabeth M
2011, 20110908, 2011-09-15, Letnik:
1
eBook, Book
Rural Families and Work focuses on the findings of the Rural Families Speak research study and the theoretical frameworks that are utilized to examine the context of rural low-income families ...employment. This volume provides a solid foundation for understanding rural employment problems and issues. Family ecological theory is the central framework with a discussion of theories that contribute to the opportunities for the contextual research, including family economic stress theory, human capital, human capability, and some selected policy frameworks. Employment is addressed through review of policy issues, community contexts, family and social support, and available resources. Throughout the volume future research directions and applications are highlighted.
Aim To examine an employer response to a government employment policy, the Nursing Graduate Guarantee (NGG), over a 2‐year period (2008–2009 and 2009–2010).
Background Healthcare organizations rely ...on a stable supply of nurses to meet their staffing needs. However, employment trends have indicated a propensity for part‐time employment. The NGG was created to stimulate full‐time employment of new graduate nurses in Ontario, Canada.
Methods A mixed methods design was used, which included online surveys and focus groups. All healthcare providers (n = 1198) were surveyed in 2008–2009 and 2009–2010. Each year, a sample of NGG employers participated in sector‐specific focus groups.
Results Approximately 20% of potential healthcare employers participated in the NGG. Reasons for non‐participation included lack of awareness of the initiative and lack of full‐time jobs. Barriers to offering full‐time employment to new graduates included lack of full‐time vacancies and budget constraints.
Conclusions Employers perceive flexible staffing practices as a way to contain personnel costs but often at the expense of a stable full‐time nursing workforce.
Implications for Nursing Management This research contributes to an understanding of employers’ perspectives on full‐time hiring and participation in a government employment policy.
This study explores work-caregiving conflicts for 98 randomly selected low-income, single parents of children with asthma and how it affects caregiver well-being. Participants, who worked in ...unionized hospitals in a large urban area and had young children with asthma, were given an in-depth phone survey, which measured quality of life, depressive symptoms, caregiving's positive impact, caregiving burden, work-caregiving conflict, and social support. The findings suggested that work tended to conflict with caregiving more than caregiving conflicted with work, as most participants perceived work as inflexible. In addition, parents relied more on family and friends as social support rather than on workplace or union support, as the union fulfills its responsibility to assure employment maintenance despite difficult working conditions. And although caregiving was viewed as a positive experience, it negatively affected quality of life. This population would benefit from education about policies governing the use of personal time, assistance with developing a plan to disclose their work-caregiving conflict and on how to activate workplace supports, and focus on this assistance being provided at the onset of asthma. Future research and recommendations are made.
Mediating Labour: An Introduction Bosma, Ulbe; van Nederveen Meerkerk, Elise; Sarkar, Aditya
International review of social history,
12/2012, Letnik:
57, Številka:
S20
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The essays in this volume aim to explain the evolution and persistence of various practices of indirect labour recruitment. Labour intermediation is understood as a global phenomenon, present for ...many centuries in most countries of the world, and taking on a wide range of forms: varying from outright trafficking to job placement in the context of national employment policies. By focusing on the actual practices of different types of labour mediators in various regions of the world during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and by highlighting both the national as well as the international and translocal contexts of these practices, this volume intends to further a historically informed global perspective on the subject.
This report brings forth an evaluation of Active labour market policy programmes ran by Croatian Public Employment Service (HZZ) in 2009 and 2010. We observed whether participants were registered ...with HZZ as unemployed persons at several points in time after their participation in programme ceased. Effectiveness was analytically evaluated by the application of matching techniques, as we compared outcomes of participants with control group comprised of unemployed persons with similar observable characteristics who did not participate in measures. We evaluated five measures for which appropriate matching could be enacted: (1) employment subsidies for the youth with no employment experience, (2) long-term unemployed and (3) older unemployed persons; (4) training programmes for the unemployed and (5) public works. Within the observed period, expenses and coverage of ALMPs were on increase, although Croatia still lags considerably in this respect after most EU countries. Results of this quasi-experimental evaluation approach do not indicate that participation bears a particularly strong effect with respect to the observed outcome. Participants in all three employment subsidy programmes were less likely to be in unemployment than controls for the first two years after subsidies ceased, but the advantage of participants was declining over time, and the matching effect is likely overestimated as it does not account for creaming effect, as selection of (more employable) candidates was done on employer initiative. Education programmes on the average turned out to reduce probability of leaving unemployment for a year after participation (due to programme effect), and within the two years (maximal observed time span) probability of being unemployed for participants of training programmes was about the same (or minimally lower) than for comparable non-participants. However, education measures turned to be more effective when certain subpopulations were observed: persons without upper secondary education, persons who entered unemployment from inactivity (not regular education) and among persons who have not spent a very long period in unemployment prior to participation. Participation in public work programmes was estimated to have increased mid-term unemployment risk for participants, but this has to be understood through both programme effect and selection of the most vulnerable unemployed in public works. Additionally, higher probability of being in unemployment among public work participants when compared to controls can be interpreted in terms of activation - if they did not participate in public work, more of them might have left unemployment for inactivity (which likely happened to many statistical twins with whom they were matched). In conclusion, the number of persons who were estimated not to be in unemployment due to ALMP participation compared with total funding in order to estimate efficiency of spending for each ALMP was evaluated.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This article has two main goals. The former is to introduce the 'work&family' audit to the Italian public, the second is to highlight its effects within the organizations that employ such a model. In ...the 1990s, the Frankfurt based Hertie Public Utility Foundation developed an audit model for Germany about the job and family dovetailing that works along the example of the American family-friendly Index. The related nonprofit organization 'Berufundfamilie GmbH' was established in Frankfurt to promote and facilitate the adoption of the system. The data we present here come from an inquiry conducted by the research center on family oriented business policy launched in 2005 by the University of Münster, as an initiative of Berufundfamilie. That study compares the outcomes of the research conducted in 2012 to those of the previous inquiry of 2007. The sample consists of 1,000 businesses, and is representative of the various industry sectors for all Germany. This research resulted in a quantitative assessment of the positive economic effects of the 'work&family' audit policy, which may be summarized as follows: a high family-friendly index entails a sharp decrease in absences and spontaneous resignations, and increases opportunities to hire highly qualified staff.
In recent decades there has been a marked rise in the labour market participation of women with infants in many countries. Partly in response to this trend, there are calls for greater emphasis on ...infant and child health in research and policy development on parental leave and other work–family balancing measures. Yet achieving high rates of breastfeeding as a health objective has thus far received relatively little attention in this context.
Biomedical literature outlines the important health benefits conferred by breastfeeding, including upon infants and young children among middle class populations in developed countries. International recommendations now advise exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. However, research indicates that the timing of the mother's resumption of employment is a key factor influencing the duration of exclusive breastfeeding. There would thus appear to be considerable potential for labour policy and practice, particularly maternity/parental leave provisions, to positively influence breastfeeding practice.
Taking the case studies of Ireland, Sweden, and the United States, this paper explores the implications of labour market and early childhood policy for breastfeeding practice. The equity tensions posed by the breastfeeding–maternal employment intersection are also examined. The paper concludes that
both socio-cultural support
and labour market/health/early childhood policy are important if high rates of both breastfeeding and women's employment are to be achieved in industrialised countries.
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