The scope of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors with the introduction of ultra-processed food (UPF) among children under six months of age living in the southwest of Bahia ...state. This is an excerpt from a prospective cohort study conducted with pairs of mothers/babies. The introduction of UPF was defined by the intake of at least one UPF before the age of six months. Socioeconomic, maternal, paternal, gestational, and child-related information was gathered by the application of questionnaires. To analyze the factors associated with the outcome, Poisson regression was performed according to a hierarchical model. P-value<0.05 and 95% confidence interval are considered. A total of 300 mother/baby pairs were evaluated. Before 6 months, 31.3% of children have already received UPF. With greater introduction of cookies/biscuits (23.3%) and yogurt (14.3%). The introduction of UPF before six months of age was higher among families with lower income (p=0.038), lower maternal education (p=0.031), lower maternal (p=0.017) and paternal (p=0.013) age, among children who had cow's milk <6 months (p<0.001) and tea <30 days (p=0.005). The results demonstrate the need for interventions aimed at reducing the introduction of UPF, especially for low-income families, with less education and among younger parents.
Arguably the most important books by Einar Schleef (1944-2001) are his novel Gertrud, a monologue narrated by his fictionalized mother, his diaries, and the work excerpted here, Droge Faust Parsifal ...(Drugs Faust Parsifal, 1997). Schleef also wrote plays and short stories, and was a theater director, set and costume designer, actor, illustrator, painter, and photographer. His work deserves a wide readership, yet only a story and a play have been translated into English (Buchner 1982, 130-138; Vivis 1987). Drugs Faust Parsifal’s 500 pages are autobiography, theater history, dramaturgy and cultural essay in one. It won the City of Bremen Literature Prize in 1998 and was adapted for the stage in 2011 by Armin Petras. The selected passages from Drugs, which are somewhat anomalous in a book mainly about dramaturgy, concern Schleef’s personal struggles; they have historical relevance and show his linguistic dexterity, articulated in his “suffering language, a language for suffering” (Windrich 2009, 481). Both as child and adult, he is an observer of a postwar society divided against itself.
El presente artÃculo proviene del discurso del autor en la conferencia del aniversario del diálogo filosófico Norte-Sur. Se hace un recorrido histórico de los 30 años del desarrollo, de lo que ...actualmente serÃa, la filosofÃa intercultural. Desde el diálogo entre Karl-Otto Apel y Enrique Dussel, hasta Raúl Fornet-Betancourt, al cual se dedica este discurso.
