Using data derived from a study focusing on women in southwest France who performed value‐added agriculture, we question to what extent women’s involvement in a male‐dominated occupation, such as ...farming, provides a context for them to resist normative expectations of hegemonic femininity and to perform alternative forms of femininity. Our findings demonstrate that hegemonic femininity is being challenged and alternative femininities are emerging. Data show both examples of challenges to and compliances with hegemonic femininity. Consequently, we argue that value‐added agriculture might create a space to construct alternative femininities by relying upon the commodification of traditional gender roles and recognising the importance of skills such as farm management, commercialisation and marketing strategies. However, the emergence of alternative femininities, as well as the degree to which these forms of femininity depart from hegemonic femininity, might be contingent upon different interrelated factors such as age, marital status, and farm background. These findings indicate that rural femininity can take different forms and stress the importance of querying gender differences among women themselves in order to accurately portray changing gender dynamics in agriculture.
Background: Menstruation is described as the exclusive sign of femininity. The age of menarche is determined by general health, genetic, socio-economic, nutritional factors, geographic location, ...exposure to light and psychological state. Objective of current study was to determine the magnitude of menstrual problem among young females of age group 17-25 years of medical and paramedical college. Methods: The present study has been conducted on 300 young female students studying in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology in collaboration with paramedical and nursing college, RIMS and R. Saifai, Etawah over a period of 18 months January 2015 to July 2016, with an objective to determine the magnitude of menstrual problem among on young female students of age group 17-25 years. Results: Mean age of the study population was 21.98 years. The mean age of menarche was found to be 13.50 years with standard deviationof 1.315. This was also in accordance with the results of previous studies. The average duration of menstrual blood loss was found to be 4.28 days with standard deviation of 1.092. The average duration of normal blood flow for reproductive age group as estimated is 2-5 days. The mean of menstrual cycle length came out to be 29.79 days with a standard deviation of 4.87. The average amount of blood loss during each menstrual cycle was found to be 65.39 ml with a standard deviation of 11.81. Conclusions: It was concluded that the mean age of menarche was found to be 13.50 years with standard deviation of 1.315. The average duration of normal blood flow for reproductive age group as estimated is 2-5 days. Keywords: Magnitude, Menstrual problems, Young females, Medical and paramedical college
Since its publication in 1990, Gender Troublehas become one of the key works of contemporary feminist theory, and an essential work for anyone interested in the study of gender, queer theory, or the ...politics of sexuality in culture.
The purpose of this article is an examination of femininity depicted in Papadiamantis’ Φόνισσα through the elaboration on four selected masks of Frankojannou: Mother and Daughter, Christian, Witch, ...Murderess. The innovative contribution lies in the application of Ardener’s model of the muted group to the society of Skiathos, deeper analysis of the cause of Hadoula’s madness as well as contestation of traditional paradigm. The feminist reading of the text concludes that Papadiamantis associates womanhood with death which returns as a reoccurring motif throughout the story. Despite the grim outcome, the novel is presented as a positive example of an androtext.
This research extends understandings of women's lived experiences of menopause at work, as embodied complex gendered aging. Menopause as a type of “dirty” femininity and femme performance is ...theorized to elucidate both the stigmatizing effects of menopause at work and the opportunity to reclaim femininity in‐and‐for itself. This theory is illustrated through the accounts of women experiencing menopause at work. Menopause at work is problematized, pathologized, and “dirty” as an embodied experience that is physically, emotionally, morally, and socially tainted. As “dirty” femininity, menopause represents both material “dirt” (leaky bodies) and symbolic “dirt” (no longer leaky and no longer fertile), thereby eroding women's ability to perform patriarchal hegemonic femininity. Small pockets of resistance are also observed as some of these women engage in femme performances in defiance of hegemonic masculinity. The article offers avenues for future research in shame, taint management, women in leadership, and intersectionality to extend the conceptual and empirical contributions on menopause at work.
The aim of this study is to build a theoretical framework to understand how gendered networking practices produce or counter inequalities in organizations. We introduce a practice approach combined ...with a feminist perspective in organization network studies. The notions of gender and networking as social practices allow better insights into what people say and do in networks, and the ways that networking produces or counters gender inequalities. We draw on empirical material about professorial appointments in Dutch academia and analyse the accounts of gatekeepers illuminating their networking practices. The accounts show which networking practices gatekeepers routinely use in recruitment and how these networking practices are intertwined with gender practices. We use the notion of mobilizing masculinities to understand the self‐evident identification of men gatekeepers with men in their networks, and to understand how both men and women gatekeepers prefer the male candidates that resemble the proven masculine success model. Furthermore, this study provides the first empirical insights in mobilizing femininities in which women search for and support women candidates. We show how the gender practice of mobilizing femininities is a more precarious and marked practice than mobilizing masculinities. Mobilizing femininities in networking is intended to counter gender inequalities, but is only partially successful. Through constructions of ‘who you can trust’ or ‘who is a risk’, gatekeepers exercise the power of inclusion and exclusion and contribute to the persistence of structural gender inequalities.
Algunos de los relatos presentes en la antología La reina de las tinieblas de Grazia Deledda, publicada en 1903 y traducida al español en 2020, tienen como protagonistas a mujeres que, por diferentes ...circunstancias, rechazan el matrimonio. Siguiendo los presupuestos teóricos de Elaine Showalter, examinaremos las imágenes y los estereotipos de la mujer en tres de los relatos presentes en esta obra: «La reina de las tinieblas», «Sarra» y «Primeros besos», con el objetivo de trazar rasgos comunes y analizar los arquetipos matriarcales que subyacen en la construcción de sus protagonistas que se desvían del destino natural de la feminidad normativa y encauzan sus vidas a través de la feminidad sagrada de la que son portadoras.
We examine how two sociological traditions account for the role of femininities in social domination. The masculinities tradition theorizes gender as an independent structure of domination; ...consequently, femininities that complement hegemonic masculinities are treated as passively compliant in the reproduction of gender. In contrast, Patricia Hill Collins views cultural ideals of hegemonic femininity as simultaneously raced, classed, and gendered. This intersectional perspective allows us to recognize women striving to approximate hegemonic cultural ideals of femininity as actively complicit in reproducing a matrix of domination. We argue that hegemonic femininities reference a powerful location in the matrix from which some women draw considerable individual benefits (i.e., a femininity premium) while shoring up collective benefits along other dimensions of advantage. In the process, they engage in intersectional domination of other women and even some men. Our analysis re-enforces the utility of analyzing femininities and masculinities from within an intersectional feminist framework.
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