Autor se u ovom istraživanju u trima cjelinama bavi promjenom paradigme u kasnoantičkom svijetu u poimanju bolesti. Najprije će istražiti pristup bolesti u antici i kasnoj antici kada su dominirala ...dva osnovna pristupa: medicinski i religijski (poganski, mitološki). U drugoj cjelini bavi se teorijama o uzrocima bolesti, pri čemu je imao potrebu istaknuti tri temeljna načina njihova tumačenja: filozofski, medicinski i religijski. Posljednje poglavlje posvetio je istraživanju kršćanskoga stava prema bolesti, prateći tekstove i svjedočanstva svetih otaca u prvih nekoliko stoljeća. Svoje tvrdnje rasporedio je u tri dijela: najprije je pokušao odgovoriti na pitanje što je bolest i koji su joj uzroci iz kršćanske perspektive, potom je nastojao definirati ulogu Boga u liječenju bolesti, a naposljetku je istaknuo ulogu Krista kao liječnika prema poimanju u ranokršćanskoj teologiji. Glavni je autorov zaključak da su kršćani napravili najveću promjenu paradigme i životnih stavova prema medicini zahvaljujući drukčijem poimanju Boga, a sve što je bilo u skladu s njihovom svijesti o Bogu ostalo je nepromijenjeno. Upravo zato nisu osporili ni filozofiju ni medicinu kao znanost, premda su napravili određene zaokrete i unijeli novosti.
The author of this research, in three units, deals with the change of paradigm in the world of late antiquity in understanding illness. First, he examined illness in antiquity and late antiquity, which were dominated by two basic approaches: medical and religious (pagan, mythological). The second chapter deals with theories regarding the causes of illness, where the author highlights three fundamental ways of their interpretation: philosophical, medical, and religious. The last chapter is dedicated to studying the Christian attitude toward illness, following the texts and testimonies of the holy fathers in the first few centuries. The author arranged his claims in three parts: first, he tried to answer the question of what illness is and what are its causes from a Christian perspective; then, he tried to define the role of God in treating illness; and finally, he emphasized the role of Christ as a physician as understood in early Christian theology. The author’s main conclusion is that Christians made the biggest change in paradigm and life attitudes toward medicine thanks to a different notion of God, and everything that was in accordance with their awareness of God remained unchanged. That is why they did not challenge philosophy or medicine as a science, although they made certain shifts and introduced innovations.
Ludwik Fleck Uzunić, Mislav
Revija za sociologiju,
08/2023, Letnik:
53, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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U radu se problemski razmatra teorija Ludwika Flecka s posebnim naglaskom na njegovu primjenu sociološke analize na problematiku spoznaje i znanosti. Fleckove se prosudbe zatim uspoređuju s teorijom ...Thomasa Kuhna i teorijom edinburške sociološke škole (SSK) s ciljem da se ocrtaju njihove konceptualne i metodološke razlike glede definiranja društvenog u znanosti. Postoji kontinuirana osovina sociološkog analiziranja znanosti i spoznaje u dvadesetom stoljeću na relaciji Fleck, Kuhn, SSK. Međutim, u radu se argumentira da su Fleckova i Kuhnova teorija fundamentalno podudarne zbog analize racionalnih čimbenika koji utječu na proces znanstvenog odlučivanja, no da se SSK izuzima svojom radikalnom interpretacijom Kuhna zbog pretpostavke o snažnom utjecaju iracionalnih i neznanstvenih čimbenika na znanstvene procese. Postoji značajna razlika u njihovoj primjeni sociološkog pristupa, a posljedično i stavu o uspjehu znanstvenih istraživanja. Zato je potrebno razlikovati što Fleck i Kuhn podrazumijevaju pod 'društveno', a što pripadnici SSK. Prvi pod društvenim podrazumijevaju međuodnose unutar znanstvenih kolektiva i samih znanstvenika koji se temelje u epistemičkim čimbenicima – prvenstveno u spoznajama koje pripadnici međusobno dijele temeljem racionalnosti i dokaza. Pripadnici SSK, pak, proširuju analizu na odnos znanosti i šireg društvenog konteksta s ciljem da se prepoznaju iracionalni i neznanstveni čimbenici u takvim odnosima. U istraživanju navedene relacije leži radikalnost, ali i originalnost SSK u primjeni vlastitog sociološkog polazišta, a što je dovelo do kritike da pristup predstavlja jedan znanstveni antirealizam koji relativizira racionalnost i uspjeh znanosti.
The paper examines Ludwig Fleck's theory with a particular emphasis on its application to the sociological analysis of knowledge and science. Fleck's position is then compared to Thomas Kuhn's theory and the theory of the Edinburgh School of Sociology (SSK) to delineate their conceptual and methodological differences in defining the social aspects of science. Throughout the 20th century, there exists a continuous axis of sociological analysis of science and knowledge, carried out by Fleck, Kuhn, and SSK. However, the paper argues that Fleck's and Kuhn's theories are fundamentally aligned due to their analysis of rational factors underlying the scientific decision-making process, while SSK deviates with its radical interpretation of Kuhn, assuming a strong influence of irrational and non-scientific factors on scientific processes. Therefore, it is necessary to differentiate between what Fleck and Kuhn mean by 'social' and what SSK practitioners mean by it. Fleck and Kuhn refer to the relations within scientific collectives and among scientists themselves, which are presumably based on epistemic factors, primarily in knowledge shared through rationality and evidence. On the other hand, SSK members extend the analysis to the relationship between science and the broader social context in order to identify irrational and non-scientific factors within these relations. The emphasis on irrational factors in science constitutes radicalism, as well as the originality of SSK's application of its own sociological framework, which has led to criticism that this approach represents a form of scientific anti-realism that relativises the rationality and success of science.
Kemija i arhitektura Nenad Raos
Kemija u industriji; časopis kemičara i tehnologa Jugoslavije,
03/2022, Letnik:
71, Številka:
3-4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Kemija je, kao i arhitektura, sintetička djelatnost: imajući u vidu funkciju budućeg proizvoda, one pronalaze konstrukcijska rješenja da bi postigle željenu formu. Razlika je, dakako, u njihovom ...objektu, jer arhitektura dizajnira građevine, a kemija molekule, njegovoj veličini (makroskopskoj – submikroskopskoj), fizičkoj naravi (klasični fizički sustav – kvantni sustav) i, najvažnije, u silama s kojima se dizajner (arhitekt, kemičar) hvata u koštac (gravitacija – elekromagnetske interakcije). U radu su dati primjeri inspiracije arhitekata kemijskim strukturama (Atomium) te primjene načela kemijske strukture u arhitekturi (geodetske kupole R. B. Fullera).
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Osrednji slovenski literarni časopis je izhajal mesečno. Po prenehanju izhajanja Stritarjevega časnika Zvona, so Josip Jurčič, Fran ...Levec, Janko Kersnik in Ivan Tavčar ustanovili literarno svobodomiselno revijo, sprva kot glasilo realistov. Poleg leposlovja, je vseboval tudi umetniško kritiko ter razprave in eseje o umetnostih. Sprva je bil bolj znanstveno usmerjen (Leposlovni in znanstveni list), kasneje se je omejil še na humanistiko (Mesečnik za književnost in prosveto), od 1931 (Slovenska revija) je objavljal tudi prispevke o aktualnih družbenih vprašanjih. V Ljubljanskem zvonu so objavljali pomembnejši slovenski pesniki in pisatelji: Anton Aškerc, Simon Gregorčič, Janko Kersnik, Ivan Tavčar, Janez Trdina, Oton Župančič, Ivan Cankar, Vladimir Bartol… Avtorji, ki so pisali o znanosti so bili: Fran levstik, Josip Apih, Ivan Šubic…- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Odgovor na Ušeničnikov članek Na poti k Bogu (Čas, 1917, 241). Tudi o filozofih O. Külpeju, A. Messerju in H. Bergsonu- All metadata ...published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Tudi o V. I. Leninu- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 ...Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Vsebina: Materialnost sveta in oblike obstajanja materije. — Snov in zavest. Teorija odražanja. — Objektivna, absolutna in relativna ...resnica. — Družbena praksa kot kriterij spoznanja. — Filozofske kategorije- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
