Victims' State HSIA, KE-CHIN
2022, 2023-02-23, 2022-05-13
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Victims' State is the first integrated account of how Imperial Austria and the successor Austrian Republic responded to the needs of citizen-soldiers and their families in the age of mass politics ...and the First World War. It shows that compulsory military service and war mobilization changed the mission of the Austrian state and citizens' understanding of what they were entitled to, thus showing how war victim welfare was central to shaping modern European welfare state.
Afterlives of war documents the lives and historical pursuits of the generations who grew up in Australia, Britain and Germany after the First World War. Although they were not direct witnesses to ...the conflict, they experienced its effects from their earliest years. Based on ninety oral history interviews and observation during the First World War Centenary, this pioneering study reveals the contribution of descendants to the contemporary memory of the First World War, and the intimate personal legacies of the conflict that animate their history-making.
Jay Winter's powerful 1998 study of the 'collective remembrance' of the Great War offers a major reassessment of one of the critical episodes in the cultural history of the twentieth century. Dr ...Winter looks anew at the culture of commemoration and the ways in which communities endeavoured to find collective solace after 1918. Taking issue with the prevailing 'modernist' interpretation of the European reaction to the appalling events of 1914–18, Dr Winter instead argues that what characterised that reaction was, rather, the attempt to interpret the Great War within traditional frames of reference. Tensions arose inevitably. Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning is a profound and moving book of seminal importance for the attempt to understand the course of European history during the first half of the twentieth century.
This article analyzes the expansion of German economic activities in Singapore that the British administration restricted during the First World War. As the First World War broke out on 28 July 1914, ...trade relations between Germany and Singapore had to be terminated. This trade relationship ended due to Britain’s involvement in the First World War against Germany. Several war-related policies from the British Parliament were enacted to restrict German economic activity globally. During the war, Singapore, as one of the British colonies, had to implement war-related policies formulated by the British Parliament through several ordinances. Therefore, this article evaluates the extent to which the British administration successfully restricted German economic activities in Singapore through the legislation of several ordinances issued by the British Parliament. This study applies qualitative methods based on historical research methodology to examine British government documents and relevant secondary writings. The study's results found that efforts implemented by the British administration successfully ended the expansion of German economic activities in Singapore during the war.Artikel ini menganalisis perkembangan aktivitas ekonomi Jerman di Singapura yang dibatasi oleh pemerintahan Inggris pada Perang Dunia Pertama. Ketika Perang Dunia Pertama pecah pada 28 Juli 1914, hubungan dagang antara Jerman dan Singapura terpaksa ditamatkan. Berakhirnya hubungan dagang ini berpunca daripada keterlibatan Inggris dalam Perang Dunia Pertama melawan Jerman. Beberapa kebijakan terkait perang dari parlemen Inggris diberlakukan sebagai upaya untuk membatasi aktivitas ekonomi Jerman di tingkat global. Singapura sebagai salah satu jajahan Inggris juga menerapkan kebijakan terkait perang dari parlemen Inggris melalui penyusunan beberapa peraturan sepanjang masa perang. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini mengevaluasi sejauh mana keberhasilan pemerintahan Inggris di Singapura dalam membatasi aktivitas ekonomi Jerman di Singapura melalui beberapa peraturan yang dikeluarkan parlemen Inggris. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode kualitatif berdasarkan metodologi penelitian sejarah untuk mengkaji dokumen-dokumen Inggris dan tulisan sekunder yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pembatasan yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah Inggris berhasil mengakhiri perkembangan aktivitas ekonomi Jerman di Singapura selama masa perang.
The article focuses on the status of archival documents in historical stories for youth which evoke the Great War: two picture books, La guerre en mille morceaux and 14-18 : Une minute de silence à ...nos arrière-grands-pères courageux, and Phillipe Nessmann’s archival novel La fée de Verdun. In these works of fiction, archival documents are central to the authors’ writing process. The patrimonialisation of the past and the duty of remembrance seek to transform children’s book into « museified book to learn peace » in the words of Alain Serres: ethical and testimonial preoccupations take precedence over historical issues. If real documents and ego-documents can help to enhance the setting by giving a flavour of historical authenticity, the authors make melancholic use of archive in which they find a particular emotional strength.
Mit dem Einbruch der Geburtenrate um 1900 erhielt die Debatte über Geschlechtskrankheiten im Deutschen Kaiserreich eine neue Dimension. Venerische Krankheiten erschienen nun nicht mehr als ...individuelles Problem, sondern in Kombination mit den zunehmenden diplomatischen und militärischen Spannungen in Europa als Gefahr für die Sicherheit des jungen deutschen Staates. Denn durch die gesundheitlichen und moralischen Folgen der Geschlechtskrankheiten wurde eine „Schwächung der Wehrkraft“ befürchtet. Die Militärführung und die Reichsregierung akzeptierten zwar grundsätzlich die Notwendigkeit einer Kooperation im Kampf gegen die Geschlechtskrankheiten. Eine nennenswerte Zusammenarbeit entwickelte sich jedoch erst infolge der Massenverluste im Ersten Weltkrieg. Im Generalgouvernement Belgien arbeiteten die Militär- und Zivilbehörden des Reichs zwischen 1915 und 1919 eng zusammen, um die von den Geschlechtskrankheiten ausgehenden Gefahren einzudämmen. Eine besondere Rolle als Initiatoren der sozial- und gesundheitspolitischen Kooperation zwischen Militär und Sozialversicherungen kam dabei dem Generalgouverneur des Generalgouvernements Belgien Moritz von Bissing und Paul Kaufmann, Präsident des Reichsversicherungsamts, zu. Auch nach dem Tode Bissings 1917 wurde diese spezielle Zusammenarbeit, nun im Reich primär mit den Kriegsministerien und dem Reichsmarineamt, fortgeführt. Ihr bekanntestes und dauerhaftestes Ergebnis stellen die Beratungsstellen für Geschlechtskranke dar. Ursachen, Akteure, Konflikte und Resultate dieser zivil-militärischen Zusammenarbeit zu analysieren und sie in den internationalen Kontext einzubetten, ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie.
The First World War was a truely global event that changed the course of history in many participating as well as non-participating countries. In East Asia, the war stimulated the further rise of ...Japan as the leading power in the region during the war, yet also its radicalization and social protests after 1918.
L’article étudie le statut des documents d’archive dans les variations littéraires consacrées à la Grande Guerre, en se fondant sur l’analyse de trois ouvrages de fiction : deux albums aux ...partis-pris en apparence très différents, La guerre en mille morceaux1 et 14-18 : Une minute de silence à nos arrière-grands-pères courageux2, et le roman d’archives de Philippe Nessmann La fée de Verdun3. Dans ces ouvrages de fiction, les documents d’archive apparaissent comme un élément central des processus d’écriture. La patrimonialisation du passé et le devoir de mémoire transforment le livre jeunesse en un « musée de papier pour apprendre la paix4 » selon les mots d’Alain Serres : les préoccupations éthiques et testimoniales prennent le pas sur les questions historiques. Si les documents authentiques et ego-documents fournissent une authenticité certaine aux univers fictionnels, les auteurs font également un usage mélancolique de l’archive dans laquelle ils puisent une force émotionnelle particulière.
The 'cultural archive' is a concept that is central to Gloria Wekker's White Innocence: Paradoxes of Colonialism and Race. In my contribution, I apply the concept to the study of the First World War. ...After outlining the various discourses within the colonial empires on the deployment of African troops in the war, I take a closer look at how the African soldier was portrayed in the press and propaganda of the various belligerents. What was the impact of the deployment of African soldiers on the creation of the cultural archive, both among the colonized and the colonizers, and how is this reflected in the way the First World War is studied, remembered and commemorated, both within and outside academia?
This book offers a novel critical intervention in medical humanities, foregrounding the importance of spaces and senses in medical experiences. It explores the distinctive experience and literary ...representations of somatic and sensuous geographies in First World War medical caregiving life writing. It demonstrates the complex situation of the medic, who is vulnerable both vicariously and directly to the effects of physical and psychological harm. Chapters look at the medic’s relationship with the war environment; the spaces in which medical care takes place; bodies and the wounds of patients in medical narratives; and psychological and imaginative landscapes and textual spaces where complex emotions, trauma, coping and survival are examined.