À travers des extraits d'entretiens auprès d'enseignants d'un collège français ayant dans leurs classes ordinaires des élèves allophones en « inclusion » et parlant peu ou pas le français, nous ...souhaitons offrir une lecture politique du plurilinguisme et de la langue française en partage au sein de l'école. Politique, c'est-à-dire dynamique, puisque nous obligeant à concevoir toute langue comme faite à la fois des singularités propres à chaque locuteur, tout en étant commune à tous. Ainsi, nous proposons d'envisager le fait que les élèves allophones et le caractère extraordinaire de leur plurilinguisme constituent une possibilité de réfléchir au plurilinguisme discret des élèves ordinaires.
In many unrelated languages, the same anaphor is either subject to Condition A of the binding theory, or exempt from it but with specific interpretive properties. On the basis of French data and ...crosslinguistic comparisons, I first show that such exempt anaphors must be anteceded by logophoric centers. Elaborating on but modifying
, I provide specific tests to argue that these logophoric antecedents can be classified into two kinds of perspective centers, attitude holders and empathy loci, thus reducing logophoricity to mental perspective. Next, I propose to derive the logophoricity of exempt anaphors from the following hypothesis: seemingly exempt anaphors are in fact bound by silent logophoric pronouns introduced by syntactically represented logophoric operators within their local domain. Crucially, this hypothesis, which is independently supported by exhaustive coreference constraints on locally cooccurring exempt anaphors, also accounts for their apparent exemption from Condition A, reanalyzed here as local binding by a silent logophoric binder.
Liaison is one of the most analyzed phenomena in French phonology. The classic works of P. Delattre (1947, 1955, 1956) and P. Fouché (1959), based on their intuition and intended for the teaching of ...FLE (French Foreign Language), provide ample descriptions for didactic purposes. Their examples have inspired phonological theories for decades, from generative phonology (Schane 1967) to autosegmental phonology (Encrevé 1988) and optimality theory (Tranel 1999) to exemplarist phonology based on usage. (Bybee 2001). For half a century, liaison has been studied in large corpora (Ågren 1973; De Jong 1994), notably that of the international research program Phonology of Contemporary French (pfc) with more than 600 speakers throughout the world (Durand & Lyche 2008; Durand et al. 2011). However, these large-scale empirical studies show above all that we still know very little about the connection.
The Romanistische Arbeitshefte (Romance Studies Workbooks), edited by Georgia Veldre-Gerner and Volker Noll since 2004, have been constant and reliable companions for students of Romance Studies for ...fifty years. In their conception, they are designed as a reflection of the present state of research with an orientation towards application and the specific needs and difficulties of students. Thus they provide a reliable instrument for getting to grips with various areas of Romance linguistic studies and encourage students to utilise their newly-acquired knowledge with integrated exercises.
The objective of this paper is to assess the French‐speaking countries contributions to regional science since its creation in the 1950s. France, and other French‐speaking countries, very quickly ...adhered to the approach of the founding fathers of regional science. French‐language research developed for several years without maintaining major relations with the main streams that flow through regional science. However, the years 2000 and 2010 saw the emergence of streams of thought that strongly irrigate at the international level. The authors of this paper are part of this movement. Here we trace the origins and development of the French‐speaking contribution to regional sciences, while highlighting the originality of the French‐language approach. First, the question of academic and institutional contexts is discussed, with the role of the founders and the peculiar place of Journals and public institutions. Further sections analyse the main contributions coming from economics (local systems of production and innovation, innovative milieus and proximity analysis) and geography (regional development at a global scale, and urban systems and complexity). We conclude with cross‐disciplinary contributions including intra‐urban organization and mobility, territorial governance and territorial development, as well as other approaches to the social sciences, in the contemporary issues of city and territorial governance.
Resumen
El objetivo de este artículo es evaluar las contribuciones de los países francófonos a la ciencia regional desde su creación en la década de 1950. Francia, y otros países francófonos, se sumaron prontamente al enfoque de los padres fundadores de la ciencia regional. La investigación en lengua francesa se desarrolló durante varios años sin mantener relaciones importantes con las principales corrientes de la ciencia regional. Sin embargo, en los años 2000 y 2010 surgieron corrientes de pensamiento que irrumpieron con fuerza a nivel internacional. Los autores de este artículo son parte de este movimiento. En el artículo se hace un seguimiento de los orígenes y el desarrollo de la contribución francófona a las ciencias regionales, destacando al mismo tiempo la originalidad del enfoque francófono. En primer lugar, se examina la cuestión de los contextos académicos e institucionales, como el papel de los fundadores y el lugar peculiar de las revistas científicas y las instituciones públicas. En otras secciones se analizan las principales contribuciones procedentes de la economía (sistemas locales de producción e innovación, contextos de innovación y análisis de proximidad) y la geografía (desarrollo regional a escala mundial, y sistemas y complejidad urbanos). Se concluye con las contribuciones interdisciplinarias, como la organización y la movilidad intraurbana, la gobernanza territorial y el desarrollo territorial, así como otros enfoques de las ciencias sociales, a las cuestiones contemporáneas de la gobernanza de las ciudades y los territorios.
抄録
本稿では、地域科学が創成された1950年代からの、フランス語を公用語とする国における研究への寄与の評価を行う。フランスおよびフランス語を公用語とする国は、かなり早くから地域科学の基礎を作ることに執着してきた。フランス語による研究は、数年間、地域科学のメインストリームと大きな関係を維持することなく発展してきた。しかしながら、2000年および2010年には、国際的なレベルで強く浸透する思想が出現した。本稿の著者らはこのムーブメントに関わっている。地域科学におけるフランス語による研究の起源と発展を辿り、同時にフランス語による研究の独創性に注目する。はじめに学問的および学会的な背景の問題について、この学問の創始者の役割と学術雑誌と公的機関の独特な位置付けとともに考察する。続くセクションでは、経済学および地理学から派生した主な研究 (経済学:生産とイノベーションの地域システム、イノベーションを生み出す社会環境および近接性の分析、地理学:グローバルな規模での地域発展、および都市システムと複雑性)を分析する。最後に、都市と地域ガバナンスにおける現代の問題における、都市内部の組織と移動可能性、地域ガバナンスおよび地域発展などの学際的な研究と、社会科学への他のアプローチについて述べる。
Adopting the theoretical framework of the minimalist program, this study of syntactic limitations on complement configuration investigates the link between thematic external arguments and case. Using ...evidence from pronominal, psychological experiencer, and inalienable constructions, it argues that both accusative and dative are structural cases in French and that this duality is reflected in a parallel limit on argument projection. Larson's single complement hypothesis, which allows a maximum of two internal arguments, provides the theoretical justification for this proposal. The testing ground for the binary hypothesis is a group of nonthematic subject constructions involving undative as well as unaccusative verbs, linking, according to Burzio's generalization, case suspension and lack of an internal argument. The investigation of these constructions and those involving partitive case provides not only a theoretically significant contribution to our understanding of grammar, but also a motivated explanation for a number of empirical problems in French.
Does phonology contribute to effects of orthographically related flankers in the flankers task? In order to answer this question, we implemented the flanker equivalent of a pseudohomophone priming ...manipulation that has been widely used to demonstrate automatic phonological processing during visual word recognition. In Experiment 1, central target words were flanked on each side by either a pseudohomophone of the target (e.g., roze rose roze), an orthographic control pseudoword (rone rose rone), or an unrelated pseudoword (mirt rose mirt). Both the pseudohomophone and the orthographic control conditions produced faster and more accurate responses to central targets, but performance in these two conditions did not differ significantly. Experiment 2 tested the same stimuli in a masked priming paradigm and replicated the standard finding in French that pseudohomophone primes produce significantly faster responses to target words than orthographic control primes. Therefore, contrary to its impact on masked priming, phonology does not contribute to effects of flanker relatedness, which would appear to be driven primarily by orthographic overlap.
Instructors in today's language classrooms face the challenge of preparing globally competent and socially responsible students with transcultural aptitude. As classroom content shifts toward ...communication, collaboration, and problem solving across cultural, racial, and linguistic boundaries, the teaching of culture is an integral part of foreign language education. This volume offers nontraditional approaches to teaching culture in a complex time when the internet and social networks have blurred geographical, social, and political borders.The authors offer practical advice about teaching culture with kinesthetics, music, improvisation, and communication technologies for different competency levels.The chapters also explore multi-literacies, project-based learning, and discussions on teaching culture through literature, media, and film.The appendices share examples of course syllabi, specific course activities, and extracurricular projects that explore culinary practices, performing arts, pop culture, geolocation, digital literacy, journalism, and civic literacy.
En adoptant une perspective cognitive sur l'anaphore et en s'appuyant sur l'analyse d'extraits d'interactions, l'article décrit les spécificités d'emplois oraux de là et de ça tout en expliquant la ...fréquence de leur utilisation méta-discursive. Si ces deux formes ont en commun de pouvoir être décrites comme des anadéictiques, leur fonctionnement diffère : là opère un fléchage sur le discours antérieur, opérant un cadrage spatio-temporel ou énonciatif pouvant être associé à un changement de topique ou de cadre participatif, tandis que ça opère un pointage indexical qui, combiné à des structures syntaxiques segmentées, indique une forte topicalité, en lien avec l'implication du locuteur.
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