Existing consensus models focus on improving the group consensus level, but ignore whether a higher group consensus level means higher mutual acceptance of decision makers. In the field of opinion ...dynamics, the bounded confidence model asserts that the decision makers will accept the preferences of others within a neighborhood of theirs with width a certain confidence level. Inspired by this research methodology, this article develops a consensus model to address the acceptance issue based on individual bounded confidences. Specifically, a bounded confidence-based consensus measure is designed to measure the level of group mutual acceptance, and a multi-stage optimization feedback mechanism based on individual bounded confidences is proposed to maximize the group mutual acceptance and minimize the amount of preference adjustment. A numerical example and a simulation analysis are included to illustrate the use of the model and to justify its effectiveness, respectively.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) presents a significant health concern globally, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its metabolic intricacies for effective management. MicroRNAs ...(miRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators in GDM pathogenesis, influencing glucose metabolism, insulin signaling, and lipid homeostasis during pregnancy. Dysregulated miRNA expression, both upregulated and downregulated, contributes to GDM-associated metabolic abnormalities. Ethnic and temporal variations in miRNA expression underscore the multifaceted nature of GDM susceptibility. This review examines the dysregulation of miRNAs in GDM and their regulatory functions in metabolic disorders. We discuss the involvement of specific miRNAs in modulating key pathways implicated in GDM pathogenesis, such as glucose metabolism, insulin signaling, and lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, we explore the potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications of miRNAs in GDM management, highlighting the promise of miRNA-based interventions for mitigating the adverse consequences of GDM on maternal and offspring health.
This paper puts forward a trust-based framework for building a recommendation mechanism for consensus in group decision making with interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy information. It first presents ...an attitudinal trust model where experts assign trust weights to others considering the concept of attitude of the group. This approach allows for the implementation of the group attitude in a continuous scale ranging from a pessimistic attitude to an indifferent attitude. Thus, it can express the continuous trust status, and consequently it generalizes the traditional simplified trust model: `trusting' and `distrusting.' In particular, three typical policies are defined as: `extreme trust policy,' `bounded trust policy,' and `indifferent trust policy.' Second, the attitudinal trust induced recommendation mechanism is established by a reasonable rule: the closer the experts, the higher their trust degree. This can guarantee that the consensus level of the inconsistent expert is increased after adopting the recommended advices. In addition to group consensus, experts envisage to keep their original opinions as much as possible. A harmony degree (HD) is defined to determine the extent of the difference between an original opinion and the corresponding revised opinion after adopting the recommended advices. Combining the HD index and the consensus index, a sensitivity analysis with attitudinal parameter is proposed to verify the rationality of the proposed attitudinal trust recommendation mechanism. In practice, this will facilitate the inconsistent experts to achieve a balance between consensus degree and HD by selecting an appropriate attitudinal parameter.
•Associations of common genetic risk variants with GDM risk in the north Indian population were investigated.•Relative risk, population penetrance and attributable risk for risk allele variants was ...higher in GDM mother.•Four variants FTO, PPARG2, SLC30A8, and TCF7L2 were significantly associated with BMI, HbA1c and insulin.•Four variants FTO, PPARG2, SLC30A8, and TCF7L2 were significantly associated with GDM in North Indian population.
The current study sought to investigate the associations of common genetic risk variants with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk in the north Indian population and to evaluate their utility in identifying GDM cases. A case-control study, including 300 pregnant women, was included, and clinical and pathological information was collected. The amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) was used for genotyping four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely FTO (rs9939609), PPARG2 (rs1801282), SLC30A8 (rs13266634), and TCF7L2 (rs12255372). The odds ratio and confidence interval were determined for each SNP in different genetic models. Further, attributable risk, population penetrance, and relative risk were also calculated. The risk allele A of FTO (rs9939609) poses a two times higher risk of GDM (p = 0.02, OR = 2.5). The CG and GG genotypes of PPARG2 (rs1801282) have half a lower risk of GDM. In SLC30A8 (rs13266634), the recessive model analysis showed a two times higher risk of having GDM, while the recessive model (TT vs. GG + GT) analysis in TCF7L2 (rs12255372) indicates a lower risk of GDM. Finally, the relative risk, population penetrance, and attributable risk for risk allele in all four variants was higher in GDM mothers. All four polymorphisms were found to be significantly associated with BMI, HbA1c, and insulin. Our study first time confirmed a significant association with GDM for four variants, FTO, PPARG2, SLC30A8, and TCF7L2, in the North Indian population.
In this paper, we propose two new group decision making (GDM) approaches based on the proposed linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy Yager weighted arithmetic (LIYFWA) aggregation operator (AO) of ...linguistic intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (LIFNs), where the proposed first GDM considers the situation that experts’ weights and attributes’ weights are completely known; the proposed second GDM approach considers the situation that experts’ weights and attributes’ weights are completely unknown. Firstly, we propose new operational laws for LIFNs based on Yager’s norm, namely, the addition operation operation and the scalar multiplication operation. The proposed addition operation and the proposed scalar multiplication operation of LIFNs can conquer the drawbacks of the existing addition operation and the existing scalar multiplication operation of LIFNs. Then, based on the proposed addition operation and the proposed scalar multiplication operation of LIFNs, we propose the LIYFWA AO of LIFNs. We also prove some properties of the proposed LIFYWA AO. Finally, based on the proposed LIFYWA AO, we propose two new GDM approaches of LIFNs. The proposed GDM approaches can conquer the drawbacks of existing GDM methods, where they cannot distinguish the ranking orders of alternatives in some situations.
To date, a large number of consensus reaching processes (CRPs) have been reported in group decision making (GDM). Trust relationships should be an essential element in interactions among a group of ...individuals, leading to the evolution of individuals' preferences. Therefore, in this article, we present a trust relationships CRP with a feedback mechanism which consists of two approaches of facilitating consensus reaching: 1) the leader-based preference adjustment and 2) the trust relationships improvement. In the trust relationships CRP, we build a bridge between opinion dynamics and GDM to highlight the role of the leaders and trust relationships improvements in the GDM problems. Furthermore, we present a new strategic manipulation issue, called trust relationship manipulation, and discuss some clique-based strategies to manipulate trust relationships to obtain the desired ranking of the alternatives in the GDM problems. Finally, the detailed simulation experiments are proposed to justify our proposal.
Metabolic biomarkers of pre- and postdiagnosis gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were sought, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics of maternal plasma and corresponding lipid ...extracts. Metabolite differences between controls and disease were identified through multivariate analysis of variable selected 1H NMR spectra. For postdiagnosis GDM, partial least squares regression identified metabolites with higher dependence on normal gestational age evolution. Variable selection of NMR spectra produced good classification models for both pre- and postdiagnostic GDM. Prediagnosis GDM was accompanied by cholesterol increase and minor increases in lipoproteins (plasma), fatty acids, and triglycerides (extracts). Small metabolite changes comprised variations in glucose (up regulated), amino acids, betaine, urea, creatine, and metabolites related to gut microflora. Most changes were enhanced upon GDM diagnosis, in addition to newly observed changes in low-M w compounds. GDM prediction seems possible exploiting multivariate profile changes rather than a set of univariate changes. Postdiagnosis GDM is successfully classified using a 26-resonance plasma biomarker. Plasma and extracts display comparable classification performance, the former enabling direct and more rapid analysis. Results and putative biochemical hypotheses require further confirmation in larger cohorts of distinct ethnicities.
Xiyao Yang,1 Na Wu1,2 1Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China; 2Clinical Skills Practice Teaching Center, Shengjing Hospital ...of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Na WuDepartment of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110004, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 18940258445, Email 3441535223@qq.comAbstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance that occurs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. As the incidence of GDM rises, so does the risk of maternal and fetal complications with short- and long-term consequences. As a result, early diagnosis and treatment of this condition are important to avoiding adverse pregnancy outcomes. Exosomes are tiny vesicles secreted by living cells which contain a variety of bioactive substances. They are released by cells to facilitate cell-to-cell communication and regulate a variety of biological processes such as cellular immune response, inflammatory response, and apoptosis, among others. Many studies have recently confirmed that changes in the expression and secretion of exosomal miRNAs can be used as novel markers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of GDM. In this review, we summarized the various roles of exosomal miRNAs and circulating miRNAs in GDM. We found that the changes in the expression of certain miRNAs could be used to diagnosing GDM. Exosomal miRNAs target metabolic pathways, resulting in insulin resistance. We also highlighted the potential for miRNAs and exosomal miRNAs to be used as biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic agents.Keywords: GDM, exosomal miRNA, biomarker, insulin resistance, pregnancy
We aim to evaluate the impact of prepregnancy overweight on treatment modalities of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). We assessed the association of increased pregravid Body Mass Index (BMI) with ...dosing of basal and rapid acting insulin as well as pregnancy outcome.
We included 509 gestational diabetic women (normal weight: 200, overweight: 157, obese: 152), attending the pregnancy outpatient clinic at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, in this retrospective study. We used a prospectively compiled database to assess patient characteristics, treatment approaches - particularly maximum doses of basal and rapid acting insulin or metformin - and pregnancy outcome.
Increased BMI was associated with the need of glucose lowering medication (odds ratio (OR): 1.08 for the increase of 1 kg/m² BMI, 95%CI 1.05-1.11, p<0.001). Mothers with pregestational obesity received the highest amount of insulin. Metformin was more often used in patients with obesity who also required higher daily doses. Maternal BMI was associated with increased risk of cesarean section (OR 1.04, 95%CI 1.01-1.07, p<0.001) and delivering large for gestational age offspring (OR 1.09, 95%CI 1.04-1.13, p<0.001). Birthweight percentiles were highest in patients with obesity who required glucose lowering therapy.
Treatment modalities and outcome in GDM pregnancies are closely related to the extent of maternal BMI. Patients with obesity required glucose lowering medication more often and were at higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is crucial to further explore the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms to optimize clinical management and individual treatment approaches.
In this paper, we propose the advanced intuitionistic fuzzy Heronian mean (AIFHM) aggregation operator (AO) and the advanced intuitionistic fuzzy weighted Heronian mean (AIFWHM) AO of intuitonistic ...fuzzy values (IFVs). The proposed AIFHM AO and the proposed AIFWHM AO of IFVs have the advantage of condidering interrelationships among aggregating inputs. We also explore some properties of the proposed AIFHM AO and the proposed AIFWHM AO of IFVs. Furthermore, based on the proposed AIFWHM AO of IFVs, we propose a new group decision making (GDM) method. We also provide some examples to illustrate that the proposed GDM method can overcome the drawbacks of the existing GDM methods. The proposed GDM method offers us a very useful approach to deal with GDM problems in intuitionistic fuzzy environments.
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