Gladiolus imbricatus, a rare species spread in the hill region of Europe, is resistant to abiotic and biotic stress being one of the most cold-tolerant in the genus. Moreover it contains high vitamin ...C and minerals in the leaves and the flowers are considered as edible. The aim of our study was to develop in vitro technologies for micropropagation, multiplication, corm development, somatic embryogenesis and medium-term storage of this endangered species, Red listed in South-Eastern and Central European countries. Initiation of in vitro cultures was started from wounded seeds or excised mature embryos. Micropropagation and multiplication was achieved on Murashige Skoog (MS) solid medium with 30 g L super(-1) sucrose and 1 mg L super(-1) N-6-benzyl adenine (BA). The callus developed from wounded seeds on a richer MS medium proved to be embryogenic. Increased concentrations of sucrose promote corm development as also shown for other genotypes of cultivated gladioli. Further on a two-step culture protocol, on solid and liquid shaken MS based media, each for 6 months was done to evaluate the effects of acetic acid and ancymidol on corm development. Acetic acid + sucrose 9%, alone or in combination with ancymidol stimulated corm formation and yield. For medium-term conservation maintenance of the in vitro cultures in low temperature in the dark proved to be the best in reducing the growth rate of the shoots after 3, 6 and 12 months. The recovery of plant growth was evaluated after 12 months, by the transfer to normal growth conditions. 25% of the plants were recovered after one year storage. Besides the importance for biotechnology, the in vitro techniques described here might be used, after molecular analysis of genetic stability, for the restoration of natural populations into the habitats where this species became extinct.
Seed priming improves seed performance under environmental conditions. The study was designed to evaluate the effect of different priming treatments on germination behavior of Gladiolus alatus. The ...experiment was conducted under complete randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Seed priming was done with different concentration of potassium nitrate (KNO sub(3)) and hydropriming. All the treatments had significant effect on germination percentage, germination test in growth room, time for 50% germination and mean germination time. Results show that maximum invigoration was observed in seeds osmoprimed at lower concentrations of KNO sub(3) and with hydropriming while minimum invigoration was observed at higher concentration of KNO sub(3). It was concluded that germination percentage can be increased by using lower concentrations of KNO sub(3) and with hydropriming.
The experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different chemical solutions (C sub(1)= sucrose (20%) + Al sub(2) (SO sub(4)) sub(3) .-16H sub(2)O 300 ppm, C sub(2)= sucrose (20%) + Al ...sub(2) (SO sub(4)) sub(3) .-16H sub(2)O 300 ppm + GA sub(3) 50 ppm and C sub(3)= Control (Distilled water)) and five storage durations viz., (S sub(0) = 0 days, S sub(1 )= 7 days, S sub(2 )= 14 days, S sub(3 )= 21 days and S sub(4) = 28 days) on keeping quality of cut spikes of gladiolus 'White Prosperity'. The results showed that chemical solutions as well as storage durations significantly influenced the studied parameters. Among the chemical solutions, C sub(2) was significantly superior with regard to days to open basal floret, vase life, number of florets opened, floret size, longevity of open florets and fresh weight gain/loss, while the lowest values of these parameters were recorded in control treatment. Similarly, shorter storage durations of 0 days (S sub(0)) recorded higher vase life, longevity of open floret and total water absorption, while days to open the basal floret and floret size were superior in S sub(3) storage and rest of the parameters were significantly higher in S sub(2) storage duration. The spikes stored in S sub(4 )treatment did not open either pulsed with chemical solutions or in control.
To determine the intensity of the relationship between two variables forming a normal dimensional distribution the correlation coefficient (r) was calculated. Using empirical data recorded from the ...field, direct correlations were performed between four characters ((a x b), (b x d ), (a x c) (c x d)) and were obtained both positive and negative values of the coefficient of correlation having different degrees of signification. The greatest value of the r = 0.91 was founded in variety Early Riser, being distinctly significant. The total height of the plant directly influences the length of inflorescence.
Testing the performances of hybrids compared to their parents is an important operation justified by the purpose of the breeding work. The main goal of the breeding work is to obtain bigger flowers, ...nicer colours, higher plants, practically, the new plant must be better than all the existing ones, but, for the landscape design this purposes may not be the same because, in the case of gladioli, we already have tall and very tall plants. Therefore, for this purpose smaller plants with different colours and compact inflorescences are needed. The experiments were conducted in 2013 in the experimental field from The Agrobotanical Garden at UASVM Cluj-Napoca. The data collected were used to calculate the hybrid vigour, the difference from the average value of parents and to the best parent in each of the six quantitative characters taken into account: plant height, flower stem length, inflorescence length, number of leaves, number of flowers in the inflorescence and flower diameter, and the results were included in the synthesis tables. The results show that two hybrid combinations are reaching reach bigger heights then their parents meaning that only one hybrid combination exceeds the height of the best parent, negative differences were registered on inflorescence length and the no. of flowers. The diameter of flowers varies between 10.1 cm (H9) and 16.3 cm (H18) registering negative differences compared to their genitors.
The purpose of the experiments is to estimate the variability and the heritability for some hybridcombinations of Gladiolus by calculating the coefficient of variation and the heritability in broad ...sense(H2) and in narrow sense (h2) for 5 ornamental characters. Knowing that a low value of the coefficientrepresents the guaranty that the morphological trait will be transmitted to descendents, the resultsare useful for the selection of elites. The present investigation was developed during 2012 - 2013 atUASVM Cluj-Napoca. The results show medium variability for most of the analyzed characters, whilehigh heritability in broad sense was recorded to all the cyclic combination used in the experiments.Furthermore, the value of the H2 was completed by the values of h2 ranging between 0.360-0.677..
Corms of Gladiolus grandiflorus cv. "White Prosperity" was irradiated via red laser at wavelength 635 nm. Various morphological, flowering, elemental and chemical characterizations were studied. ...Irradiation with different power (5, 20, and 50 mW) and various irradiation time (0.0, 0.5, 1, 3, 5 and 10 min) was studied. Several characters), totaletermined include vegetative growth parameter (spouting days, plant height (cm), leaves number, leaves fresh and dry weights (g/plant), diameter of plant middle part (mm) and leaf area (cm
), floral parameters (flowering days, vase life (day), fresh and dry weights of inflorescence (g/plant), number of flowers per inflorescence, inflorescence length(cm), flowers diameter(cm), number of corms per plant, corms fresh weight(g/plant), circumference/ corms), pigments total chlorophylls in leaves (SPAD), anthocyanin content (mg/100 g F.W.) in petals, NPK (%) in new corms and chemical composition in corms; total carbohydrates (%),total phenol (μg CE/g (%),total flavonoid (μg CE/g) (%), antioxidant (DPPH IC50 (μg /ml (%), and proline content (μ moles/g). The results showed that the medium level (20 mW) of He-Ne laser at 5 min caused favorable changes in the leaf anatomical structures and other studied characters followed by the low level (5 mW) of He-Ne laser at 5min. 112 bands emerged from 22 SSR primers, ranging between 130 and 540 bp, with 32 bands having polymorphism ranging from 17-100%. Out of the 22 SSR primers, 3 primers exhibited a high polymorphism percentage, i.e., SSR6, SSR16 and SSR22 which exhibited 7 positive markers. These findings revealed the efficiency of SSR primers for differentiating gladiolus plants and revealed that some alleles were affected by laser in their corms and the expression resulted in color or abnormalities in leaves and/or flowers. Mutation in some alleles could result in abnormalities like mutation in the allele with 410 bp revealed by SSR16.
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