Los estudios sobre la fundación de conventos permiten una aproximación excepcional a los conflictos de la sociedad donde se establecen. En este artículo, el surgimiento de un claustro femenino en ...Santafé (1606) revela el conflicto de poder latente entre los descendientes de los primeros conquistadores y los nuevos funcionarios de la Audiencia. Más allá de los aspectos relativos a la espiritualidad, el caso estudiado deja apreciar el entramado de vínculos que unían los linajes de los primeros conquistadores, como también sus esfuerzos y estrategias para conservar los privilegios y la primacía social que veían amenazada por la política de la Corona y sus funcionarios.
En esta ocasión presentamos el sainete inédito Los Locos de Granada, una obra anónima de finales del siglo XVIII, que narra la peculiar historia de un personaje en busca de la comadre que asista a su ...parturienta mujer. Desgraciadamente para él, se adentrará por error en la Casa de Locos de Granada, donde conocerá las múltiples facetas de la locura encarnada en seis personajes. Se trata de una obra única que nos permite acercarnos a la mentalidad de las clases populares dieciochescas y los sentimientos que la demencia suscitaba.
Dans l'Espagne du XVIIIe siècle, il y avait un besoin, chez les Espagnols eux-mêmes, de créer une image de l'Espagne qui servirait de réponse aux hétéro-images négatives projetées depuis la France. ...Le récit El sol de Sevilla (1800), de Pablo de Olavide, fut l'une des tentatives les plus remarquables de construire de ce type de discours nationaliste. Bien qu'il ne s'agisse pas encore d'un roman historique ou romantique, il se déroule au temps des Rois Catholiques et mythifie l'idée de l'Espagne comme puissance civilisatrice des autres basée sur une religion toujours présentée comme synonyme de paix et de fraternité. Une religion qui, en effet, en France était de plus en plus remise en question, ce qu'Olavide lui-même avait désignée comme la cause de toute la barbarie survenue pendant la Révolution française, dont il avait lui-même été victime.
En la España del XVIII existía la necesidad, entre los propios españoles, de crear una autoimagen de España que sirviera como respuesta a las heteroimágenes tan negativas proyectadas desde Francia. La narración El sol de Sevilla (1800), de Pablo de Olavide, fue uno de los intentos más destacados por construir esta clase de discurso nacionalista. Aunque no es aún una novela histórica o romántica, se ambienta en la época de los Reyes Católicos y mitifica la idea de España como potencia civilizadora de otras a partir de una religión presentada siempre como sinónimo de paz y fraternidad entre humanos. Una religión que, de hecho, en Francia cada vez se estaba cuestionando más, lo cual el propio Olavide había señalado como causa de toda la barbarie acontecida durante la Revolución Francesa, de la que él mismo había sido víctima.
In the Spain of the 18th century, there was a need, among the Spaniards themselves, to create an autoimage of Spain that counter the negative heteroimages projected from France. The narration El sol de Sevilla (1800), by Pablo de Olavide, was one of the most outstanding attempts to create this kind of nationalist discourse. Although it is not yet a historical or romantic novel, it is set in the time of the Catholic Monarchs and mythologizes the idea of Spain as a civilizing state of others based on a religion always presented as synonymous with peace and brotherhood among humans. A religion that, in fact, in France was being questioned more and more, which Olavide himself had pointed out as the cause of all the barbarism that occurred during the French Revolution, of which he himself had been a victim.
Deciphering the internal structure of large fault zones is fundamental if a proper understanding is to be gained of their mechanical, hydrological and seismological properties. To this end, new ...detailed mapping and microstructural observations of the excellently exposed Carboneras fault zone in southeastern Spain have been used to elucidate both the internal arrangement of fault products and their likely mechanical properties. The fault is a 40 km offset strike-slip fault, which constitutes part of the Africa–Iberia plate boundary. The zone of faulting is ∼1 km in width not including the associated damage zone surrounding the fault. It is composed of continuous strands of phyllosilicate-rich fault gouge that bound lenses of variably broken-up protolith. This arrangement provides a number of fluid flow and fluid sealing possibilities within the fault zone. The gouge strands exhibit distributed deformation and are inferred to have strain hardening and/or velocity hardening characteristics. Also included in the fault zone are blocks of dolomite that contain thin (<1 cm thick) fault planes inferred to have been produced by strain weakening/velocity weakening behaviour. These fault planes have a predominantly R
1 Riedel shear orientation and are arranged in an en echelon pattern. A conceptual model of this type of wide fault zone is proposed which contrasts with previous narrow fault zone models. The observed structural and inferred mechanical characteristics of the Carboneras fault zone are compared to seismological observations of the San Andreas fault around Parkfield, CA. Similarities suggest that the Carboneras fault structure may be a useful analogue for this portion of the San Andreas fault at depth.
The peculiar red colour of fossil small mammal remains from a late Miocene section in southern Spain suggests an unusual diagenetic alteration. These remains have been studied by means of ...environmental scanning electron microscope equipped with different detectors, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The red colour is caused by the presence of cinnabar (HgS) in the pores of the fossil bones and teeth, filling the dentinal and bone tubules and other cavities that at life were filled by organic matter. A nearby cinnabar outcrop in the metamorphic materials of Sierra Nevada is interpreted as the source of mercury. This element was mobilized by meteoric diagenesis and incorporated as cinnabar in a palustrine environment, occupying pores and cavities of mammal remains shortly after the degradation of the organic matter (post-mortem enrichment), during the early diagenesis.
Considering that Group B Streptococcus (GBS) persists as an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, the objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of maternal colonization by ...GBS, comparing the culture by the Granada broth with the GeneXpert real-time PCR diagnostic methods and the impact of chemoprophylaxis in high-risk pregnant women.
A prospective cohort of 110 pregnant women hospitalized for gestational complications was formed and recruited following interview and collection of rectovaginal swabs.
The frequency of maternal colonization was 28.2% and statistically associated with Capurro> 37 weeks (p = 0.030) and neonatal infection (p = 0.008). Chemoprophylaxis was offered to 80% of those colonized. Among the pregnant women treated, a fivefold reduction in the rate of prematurity and rate of neonatal infection was observed. The sensitivity was 76.6% and 86.6% in culture and PCR, respectively, with an optimal index of agreement between the methods (K = 0.877). Grenade culture was considered an easy and low-cost method, while GeneXpert presented higher cost and error rate of 10%. However, 23.3% of the pregnant women were diagnosed exclusively by GeneXpert and the results were obtained in two hours.
This study showed a significant prevalence of maternal colonization for GBS and that both culture and molecular methods had peculiarities that allow different applicability, with the culture being feasible for antenatal screening and in the hospital for high-risk pregnant women with no sign of imminent delivery and GeneXpert being prioritized for situations of preterm birth.
Una de las iconografías hagiográficas más cuantiosa en el arte cristiano es la de San Juan Evangelista. Mediante este artículo se pretende repasar la misma en los inicios de la escultura de la ...escuela granadina a finales del siglo XVI y principios del XVII. El modelo reiterado casi en exclusiva será el relacionado con la escena del Calvario. Los sucesos históricos y el contexto peculiar de la Granada recién conquistada, determinarán el uso de este prototipo de imagen en favor de la evangelización del territorio. Junto con esculturas sobradamente conocidas, en este periplo por el tipo iconográfico joánico, se dan a conocer piezas nuevas intentando proponer una atribución a las mismas.
Fossil remains of at least four mature to old mature male individuals of
Mammuthus primigenius have been discovered in a peat-bog of Late Pleistocene age, situated near to the town of Padul in the ...Granada Basin (Southern Spain). Radiocarbon dates indicate the presence of woolly mammoth in Southern Spain between 35.8 and 25.7 ka BP (40.4–30.6 cal ka BP), a time span corresponding with the later part of MIS 3. The Padul mammoths did not differ morphometrically from individuals of contemporaneous populations of other European regions, but represent the westernmost portion of an extended and continuous Holarctic belt of mammoth distribution. The area immediately northwest of the Pyrenees including a slender belt of dry land along the coast of the Bay of Biscay is considered the immigration route of
M. primigenius into the Iberian Peninsula. The southernmost extent of Iberian woolly mammoths correlates with periods of particularly dry and cold climatic conditions, where they are documented in terrestrial and marine sediment sequences of the region.
The southern expansion of
M. primigenius during the Late Pleistocene extended to similar latitudes in Europe, Asia and North America, paralleling the distribution of suitable steppe- or tundra-steppe like environments. The woolly mammoth's southernmost advances were limited by the vegetational character of corresponding landscapes, by the configuration of marine shore lines and high mountain chains and by the extension of semideserts and deserts. Phases of mammoth dispersal into the Iberian and Italian Peninsulas during the later part of MIS 3 and early MIS 2 can be roughly correlated with the southern distribution of the species in the eastern Palaearctic. Along the eastern coast of the Pacific Ocean, the topography and glaciation of the Rocky Mountains range prevented a similar dispersal of woolly mammoths into western North America. The expansion of Late Pleistocene
M. primigenius within the inner-continental areas of Eurasia and North America differs chronologically from those at the continental margins.
El objetivo fundamental de este artículo es el estudio de las ordenanzas sobre las minas de esmeraldas de Muzo que se dictaminaron en los siglos XVI y XVII, con sus implicaciones, sociales y ...económicas. Hasta ahora no existen muchos estudios históricos en profundidad sobre el tema de las esmeraldas, con generalidades muy repetidas, frente a la abundancia de los divulgativos y geológicos. Se han utilizado fuentes primarias de archivos colombianos y españoles, así como objetos de museos. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto el interés por el control y cobro de los quintos frente a otros aspectos más sociales y humanos.
Durante el período colonial temprano, los conflictos entre las autoridades civiles y eclesiásticas por el control de las instituciones coloniales fueron bastante frecuentes en toda la América ...hispana. Uno de esos casos, prácticamente desconocido hasta hoy, fue el que enfrentó a Dionisio de Sanctis, obispo de Cartagena de Indias, con los miembros del cabildo de esa ciudad en 1577, pues el prelado consideraba que las autoridades civiles habían usurpado el derecho de patronazgo y administración del hospital de San Sebastián a las autoridades eclesiásticas. Este trabajo presenta la transcripción del expediente del pleito interpuesto por el obispo de Cartagena, algo de gran relevancia histórica porque permite conocer, en primer lugar y desde la perspectiva local, las estrategias adoptadas por los obispos en la solución de los conflictos que los enfrentaban con el poder civil y, en segundo lugar, el funcionamiento del sistema judicial durante el período colonial temprano. Asimismo, se revelan algunos aspectos, hasta ahora inexplorados, de la historia del hospital San Sebastián y del ministerio episcopal de Dionisio de Sanctis.
During the early colonial period, conflicts between civil and Church authorities over control of colonial institutions were quite frequent throughout Hispanic America. One such case, practically unknown to this day, was the one that faced Dionisio de Sanctis, Bishop of Cartagena de Indias, against members of the city council in 1577, as the prelate believed that the civil authorities had usurped the right to patronage and administer the hospital in San Sebastian from the ecclesiastical authorities. This work presents the transcription of the file of the lawsuit filed by the Bishop of Cartagena, something of great historical relevance because it allows us to know, firstly and from the local perspective, the strategies adopted by the Bishops in the solution of the conflicts that confronted them with the civil power, and secondly, to know the operation of the judicial system during the early colonial period. Likewise, some aspects, until now unexplored, of the history of the San Sebastian hospital and the Episcopal ministry of Dionisio de Sanctis are revealed.
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