The purpose was to identify shared immune cells and co-disease genes in chronic heart failure (HF) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as well as explore the potential mechanisms of action ...between HF and SLE.
A collection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ten patients with HF and SLE and ten normal controls (NC) was used for transcriptome sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, enrichment analysis, immune infiltration analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and machine learning were applied for the screening of shared immune cells and co-disease genes in HF and SLE. Gene expression analysis and correlation analysis were used to explore the potential mechanisms of co-disease genes and immune cells in HF and SLE.
In this study, it was found that two immune cells, T cells CD4 naïve and Monocytes, displayed similar expression patterns in HF and SLE at the same time. By taking intersection of the above immune cell-associated genes with the DEGs common to both HF and SLE, four immune-associated co-disease genes, CCR7, RNASE2, RNASE3 and CXCL10, were finally identified. CCR7, as one of the four key genes, was significantly down-regulated in HF and SLE, while the rest three key genes were all significantly up-regulated in both diseases.
T cells CD4 naïve and Monocytes were first revealed as possible shared immune cells of HF and SLE, and CCR7, RNASE2, RNASE3 and CXCL10 were identified as possible key genes common to HF and SLE as well as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for HF and SLE.
Rhenium-Os, PtOs, SmNd, LuHf, and HfW isotope data, together with lithophile trace element and highly siderophile element (HSE: Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, and Pd) abundances, are reported for 2.05 Ga ...Jeesiörova and Kevitsa komatiites from the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt, Fennoscandia, Finland. Both komatiites are closely genetically related, with the Kevitsa dikes having served as feeding magma conduits to the Jeesiörova pillowed and massive lavas. The parental komatiite magma is estimated to have contained ~25 wt% MgO and was, thus, derived from a mantle source at least as hot as those of some of its late Archean counterparts. A suite of Jeesiörova and Kevitsa whole-rock komatiite samples and olivine and chromite separates define an internal ReOs isochron with an age of 2049 ± 13 Ma and an initial γ187Os = −0.2 ± 0.2 (2SE), indicating long-term chondritic Re/Os in the mantle source. By contrast, PtOs data for a set of Jeesiörova chromite separates define an average initial μ186Os = +29 ± 2 (2SE), indicating a long-term history of suprachondritic Pt/Os in the mantle source. The absolute HSE abundances in the mantle source of the Jeesiörova-Kevitsa komatiite system are estimated to have been 120 ± 5% of the present-day Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE). This is the first komatiite system for which excess HSE in the mantle source, relative to modern BSE, has been documented.
The 147Sm143Nd and 176Lu176Hf data yield isochron ages and initial ratios of, respectively, 2046 ± 22 Ma with ε143Nd = +3.7 ± 0.3, and 2072 ± 20 Ma with ε176Hf = +8.7 ± 0.4 (2SE), indicating a long-term history of depletions of Nd relative to Sm, and Hf relative to Lu. The measured μ182W = +1.5 ± 3.3 is indistinguishable from the modern mantle value. Despite being strongly depleted in highly incompatible lithophile trace elements, the Th-Nb-La systematics of the komatiites indicate ~1% crustal contamination of the original komatiite magma, assuming the contaminant was similar in composition to the calculated Fennoscandian Tonalite Average (FTA). This level of contamination would have also significantly modified the Nd, Hf, and W isotope compositions of the original komatiitic magma, but not the Os isotope compositions or HSE abundances. The calculated original komatiite magma, corrected for the effects of crustal contamination, would have had initial ε143Nd ~ +4.9, ε176Hf ~ +10.2, and μ182W ~ −10.
Our modeling indicates that the initial 186,187Os/188Os isotopic compositions and suprachondritic HSE abundances, coupled with the projected negative μ182W, are best explained by either (1) derivation from a mantle domain characterized by an excess of late accreted, differentiated planetesimal core metal, i.e., “grainy” late accretion, or (2) addition of chemically fractionated terrestrial core metal to the mantle source domain of the komatiites. The presence of these characteristics in the Jeesiörova-Kevitsa komatiite mantle source provides further evidence for the early creation and long-term survival of chemically diverse domains within the mantle.
•Kevitsa komatiite source was unique in having ƩHSEBSE = 120%, μ186Os = +29, μ182W = −10.•Was derived from DMM-like mantle domain with initial ε143Nd = +4.9 and ε176Hf = +10.2•The mantle domain experienced melt depletion within 100 Ma into Solar System history.•HSE, Os and W isotopes resulted from grainy late accretion or core-mantle interaction.•Chemically diverse early mantle domains survived for >2.5 Ga due to sluggish mixing.
The Gangbian alkaline complex in the southeastern Yangtze Block (South China) is composed of Si-undersaturated pyroxene syenites and Si-saturated to -oversaturated syenites and quartz monzonites. ...SIMS zircon U–Pb analyses indicate that the complex was emplaced at 848
±
4 Ma, during a previously-recognized interval of magmatic quiescence between the ca 1.0–0.89 Ga Sibaoan orogenic magmatism and the ca 0.83–0.78 Ga magmatic flare-up. The Gangbian rocks are characterized by wide, coherent variations in major and trace elements (SiO
2
=
47.6–68.4%, K
2O
+
Na
2O
=
4.5–10.5%, K
2O/Na
2O
=
0.4–1.2, MgO
=
1.2–8.5%, Cr
=
4.5–239 ppm, and Ni
=
4.5–143 ppm) and by enrichment in LIL and LREE and depletion in Nb, Ta and P in trace element spidergrams. Their whole-rock εNd(
T) (−
6.5 to −
0.4) and εHf(
T) (−
10.7 to 0.4) are positively correlated, suggesting involvement of both metasomatized mantle and continental crust materials in their genesis.
In situ zircon Hf–O isotopic measurements for the most evolved quartz monzonite sample yield a binary mixing trend between the mantle- and supracrustal-derived melts. It is suggested that the pyroxene syenites were derived by partial melting of metasomatized, phlogopite-bearing lithospheric mantle, and the parental magma experienced extensive fractionation of pyroxene and olivine associated with varying degrees of crustal contamination. Subsequent fractional crystallization of hornblende and minor amounts of plagioclase from the alkali basaltic magmas, accompanied by crustal contamination, produced the Si-saturated to -oversaturated syenites and quartz monzonites. These ca. 0.85 Ga alkaline rocks and neighboring contemporaneous dolerite dykes are the products of the anorogenic magmatism after the Sibao Orogeny. They post-date the final amalgamation between the Yangtze and Cathaysia Blocks, most likely manifesting the initial rifting of South China within the Rodinia supercontinent.
Although the heterogeneous nature of the chemical composition of Earth's mantle is now well established, the origin and longevity of the heterogeneities continue to be debated. In order to further ...study early-Earth heterogeneities, we present a set of Sm-Nd, Lu-Hf, Re-Os, and Hf-W isotope and lithophile and siderophile element abundance data for komatiites and basalts from the ∼3.53 Ga Coonterunah, ∼3.34 Ga Kelly, and ∼3.18 Ga Ruth Well and Regal systems of the Pilbara Craton in Western Australia. The Sm-Nd, Lu-Hf, and Re-Os isotope data yield isochrons consistent with the accepted emplacement ages of the respective komatiite-basalt lavas. The mantle sources evolved with long-term 147Sm/144Nd = 0.200 to 0.214 and 176Lu/177Hf = 0.0355 to 0.0395, spanning the entire range of the time-integrated Sm/Nd and Lu/Hf measured in the Archean and Proterozoic komatiite-basalt systems to-date. Unlike with the other early Archean komatiites and basalts, the coupled 143Nd-176Hf isotope systematics of the Pilbara lavas provide no evidence for the involvement of early magma ocean processes in the evolution of their mantle sources. Episodes of variable degrees of partial mantle melting and melt extraction can account for the observed large variations in the time-integrated Sm/Nd and Lu/Hf ratios in the early Archean mantle domains.
In contrast to the highly variable Nd-Hf systematics, the initial γ187Os values vary within a narrow range from +0.9 to −0.4 indicating that the Pilbara mantle sources evolved with chondritic time-integrated Re/Os. The apparent discrepancy between the depletions in incompatible lithophile trace elements and near-chondritic Re/Os observed globally is reconciled via a model whereby early low-degree mantle melting events fractionated Sm from Nd and Lu from Hf, but had little effect on the Re/Os ratio. This in turn would imply early formation and long-term isolation of a basaltic crust highly enriched in incompatible lithophile trace elements.
The calculated total HSE abundances in the komatiite mantle sources range from ∼30% in the Coonterunah to ∼70% in the Regal system, of those in the estimates for the modern BSE, indicative of a 2.4× increase in HSE abundances from 3.53 to 3.18 Ga.
All four komatiite-basalt systems exhibit positive 182W anomalies ranging between +11.4 and +7.7 ppm. The 182W/184W compositions and calculated HSE abundances in the Pilbara komatiite-basalt sources are inversely correlated and are most consistent with grainy late accretion of large differentiated planetesimals. Regression of the combined 182W-HSE data for the komatiite systems allows an estimate of the W isotopic composition of the pre-late accretion BSE of +17 ± 7. This estimate is similar to that of the Moon of +25 ± 5 and lends further support to the notion regarding an initially common W isotopic composition in the Earth-Moon system.
Regression of the available HSE abundance data for komatiite mantle sources worldwide provides an estimate for the time of complete homogenization of late accreted materials within the mantle by 2.5 ± 0.2 Ga. Calculations indicate an average survival time of late accreted planetesimals in the Earth's mantle of 1.9 ± 0.2 Ga, which constrains the average mantle stirring rates for the HSE in the Hadean and Archean.
Within the last decade, the high and continuing demand for precious and base metals, as well as critical elements, has prompted a global rush on a scale never before seen. This eventually resulted in ...the demand for considerable innovation and improvement in mineral deposit genetic modelling and ore formation regimes for the many different types of gold deposits, now recognized, and paralleled by the wide employment of exploration techniques and a rapid expansion of geological databases.
This Special Issue will show case studies of porphyry polymetal systems, orogenic gold formations, water–rock reaction, ore-forming structure evolution, mineralogy and petrology of ore deposit, ore formation regime, geochronology and geochemistry of ore deposit, ore-forming evolution, mineral exploration and cutting-edge technology in ore deposit study.
Human Factors (HF) aims to improve system performance, safety, and well-being. However, to promote their application more widely in the future, more evidence is needed of the outcomes of HF ...practices. We studied HF outcomes between 2000 and 2019 in two aviation companies and one railway company via interviews (n = 21), observations and work-focused discussions (n = 13), and 11 organizational indicators. We evaluated the manifestations of HF practices at varying organizational levels. The HF outcomes were both explicitly and implicitly evident. At the most comprehensive level, the outcomes were reflected as an HF mindset, knowhow, and practical safety- and work- related applications. The shorter the time that the HF practices had been in use in an organization, the more the employees saw HF as practices of individuals. Conversely, the companies that had been using HF practices for a longer period exhibited a more systematic and comprehensive insight, i.e., HF practices were evident in work processes, were considered to affect well-being and involved group and organizational factors. HF knowledge and integration differed on the management, supervisor/expert and operational levels, indicating a need to implement HF practices more tangibly when planning and organizing work. This poses challenges for management, especially when an HF- informed, pragmatic approach to safety needs to be developed. The evaluation of HF practices clearly needed improvement in all the companies. The outcomes of the HF practices had not been monitored particularly closely, systematically or in the long term. However, the potential HF indicator data had increased in all the companies during the past years. We emphasize that the content and aims of HF for different tasks and organizational levels need to be concretely defined. HF practices must be applied systemically and systematically, in a participative and solution-based manner.
Background
Randomized controlled trials (RCT) generalizability may be limited due to strict patient selection.
Objective
In a real‐world heart failure (HF) population, we assessed eligibility for ...sacubitril/valsartan based on PARADIGM‐HF (sacubitril/valsartan effective)/PARAGON‐HF sacubitril/valsartan effective in mildly reduced ejection fraction (EF).
Methods
Outpatients from the Swedish HF Registry (SwedeHF) were analysed. In SwedeHF, EF is recorded as <30, 30–39, 40–49 and ≥50%. In PARAGON‐HF, sacubitril/valsartan was effective with EF ≤ 57% (i.e. median). We defined reduced EF/PARADIGM‐HF as EF < 40%, mildly reduced EF/PARAGON‐HF ≤ median as EF 40–49%, and normal EF/PARAGON‐HF > median as EF ≥ 50%. We assessed 2 scenarios: (i) criteria likely to influence treatment decisions (pragmatic scenario); (ii) all criteria (literal scenario).
Results
Of 37 790 outpatients, 57% had EF < 40%, 24% EF 40–49% and 19% EF ≥ 50%. In the pragmatic scenario, 63% were eligible in EF < 50% (67% for EF < 40% and 52% for 40–49%) and 52% in EF ≥ 40% (52% for EF ≥ 50%). For the literal scenario, 32% were eligible in EF < 50% (38% of EF < 40%, 20% of EF 40–49%) and 22% in EF ≥ 40% (25% for EF ≥ 50%). Eligible vs. noneligible patients had more severe HF, more comorbidities and overall worse outcomes.
Conclusion
In a real‐world HF outpatient cohort, 81% of patients had EF < 50%, with 63% eligible for sacubitril/valsartan based on pragmatic criteria and 32% eligible based on literal trial criteria. Similar eligibility was observed for EF 40–49% and ≥50%, suggesting that our estimates for EF < 50% may be reproduced whether or not a higher cut‐off for EF is considered.
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•The UiO-66-NH2 membranes were grown on the α-Al2O3 substrate.•The membranes exhibited good photocatalytic Cr(VI) activities under sunlight.•Foreign ions exposed no adverse effects to ...their photocatalytic activities.•The UiO-66-NH2(Zr/Hf) membranes possessed good recyclability and stability.
The removal of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) ions from surface and ground water is highly demanded. While photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) by traditional powder photocatalysts is a promising method, the difficult in the separation of the photocatalysts from the water hinders their wide practical applications. Herein we present the use of metal-organic framework (MOF) UiO-66-NH2(Zr/Hf) membrane as photocatalysts to reduce Cr(VI) ions with high efficiency and easy separation from the treated waste water. The UiO-66-NH2(Zr/Hf) MOF membrane photocatalysts were fabricated via a reactive seeding method on a α-Al2O3 substrate. It was found that the UiO-66-NH2(Zr/Hf) membranes exhibited excellent photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction performance under both simulated and real sunlight irradiation. The UiO-66-NH2(Zr) membrane can maintain more than 94% Cr(VI) reduction efficiency after 20 cycles because of its exceptional chemical and water stability. The influences of foreign ions on Cr(VI) reduction were investigated to mimic real lake water, which revealed that no obvious adverse effects can be found with the presence of common foreign ions in surface water. The MOF membrane photocatalysts provide a new approach to carry out efficiently photocatalytic removal of pollutants in wastewater.
Combined U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope data from zircon populations are widely used to constrain Hadean–Archean crustal evolution. Linear Hf isotope-age arrays are interpreted to reflect the protracted, ...internal reworking of crust derived from the (depleted) mantle during a short-lived magmatic event, and related 176Lu/177Hf ratios are used to constrain the composition of the reworked crustal reservoir. Results of this study, however, indicate that Hf isotope-age arrays can also result from complex geodynamic processes and crust–mantle interactions, as shown by U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope analyses of zircons from well characterized granitoids of the Pietersburg Block (PB), northern Kaapvaal Craton (South Africa).
Apart from scarce remnants of Paleoarchean crust, most granitoids of the PB with ages between 2.94 and 2.05 Ga (n=32) define a straight Hf isotope-age array with low 176Lu/177Hf of 0.0022, although they show a wide compositional range, were derived from various sources and emplaced successively in different geodynamic settings. The crustal evolution occurred in five stages: (I) predominately mafic crust formation in an intra-oceanic environment (3.4–3.0 Ga); (II) voluminous TTG crust formation in an early accretionary orogen (3.0–2.92 Ga); (III) internal TTG crust reworking and subduction of TTG-derived sediments in an Andean-type setting (2.89–2.75 Ga); (IV) (post-)collisional high-K magmatism from both mantle and crustal sources (2.71–2.67 Ga); and (V) alkaline magmatism in an intra-cratonic environment (2.05–2.03 Ga).
The inferred array results from voluminous TTG crust formation during stage II, and involvement of this crust during all subsequent stages by two different processes: (i) internal crust reworking through both partial melting and assimilation at 2.89–2.75 Ga, leading to the formation of biotite granites coeval with minor TTGs, and (ii) subduction of TTG-derived sediments underneath the PB, causing enrichment of the mantle that subsequently became source for high-K granitoids and mafic rocks at 2.68 and 2.05 Ga. Some scatter along the array might have resulted either from significant assimilation of ancient crust, intracrustal Lu/Hf fractionation or melting of heterogeneous mantle sources. Those results show that without any information about the nature and composition of zircon-hosting granitoids, Hf isotope-age data are of limited use to constrain Hadean–Archean magmatogenesis and geodynamics.
•Zircon Hf isotope-age arrays are interpreted as internal crust reworking.•New zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf data for 33 samples of the northern Kaapvaal Craton.•They stem from various sources in different settings, yet define a Hf-age array.•The dominant crustal lithology shapes Hf-age arrays, regardless how it is reworked.•Information about zircon-hosting rocks is needed to interpret Hf-age arrays.
In this study, we develop a synergistic modulation of the thermal conductivity and power factor of Cu3SbSe4-based materials through Sn and Zr or Hf co-doping by using a facile microwave-assisted ...solvothermal method. A series of Cu3Sb1-xMxSe4 (M = Zr or Hf, x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08) compounds are firstly synthesized through the microwave-assisted solvothermal method combined with spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The effect of Zr and Hf doping on the thermoelectric properties of Cu3Sb1-xMxSe4 (M = Zr or Hf) has been investigated. With increasing the content of Hf and Zr, the thermal conductivity of Cu3Sb1-xMxSe4 (M = Zr or Hf) is obviously decreased to 0.518 Wm−1K−1 of Cu3Sb0.92Hf0.08Se4 and 0.433 Wm−1K−1 of Cu3Sb0.92Zr0.08Se4 at 623 K, respectively. In addition, Sn doping further improves the low electrical conductivity and boosts the power factor, yielding a peak zT value of ~0.82 of Cu3Sb0.91Sn0.03Hf0.06Se4 at 623 K, which is ~228% higher than that of the pristine Cu3SbSe4. Our work provides a new methodology for the decoupling of thermal and electrical properties of the Cu3SbSe4-based thermoelectric materials.
A synergistic modulation of the thermal conductivity and power factor of Cu3SbSe4-based materials have been develop through Sn and Zr or Hf co-doping. Combined with a multi-scale structure to scatter phonons, a peak zT value of ~0.82 in Cu3Sb0.91Sn0.03Hf0.06Se4 was obtained at 623 K, which is ~228% higher than that of the pristine Cu3SbSe4. Display omitted
•We studied the thermoelectric properties of Zr, Sn or Hf, Sn co-doped Cu3SbSe4.•The point defects cause by Zr or Hf could reduce the thermal conductivity.•Zr, Sn or Hf, Sn co-doping Cu3SbSe4 could optimize its carrier concentration.•We realizing the decoupling of thermoelectric properties in co-doped samples.
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