Background We hypothesize that invasive English ivy (Hedera helix) harbors endophytic microbes that promote plant growth and survival. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined endophytic bacteria in ...English ivy and evaluated effects on the host plant. Methods Endophytic bacteria were isolated from multiple populations of English ivy in New Brunswick, NJ. Bacteria were identified as a single species Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. One strain of B. amyloliquefaciens, strain C6c, was characterized for indoleacetic acid (IAA) production, secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, phosphate solubilization, and antibiosis against pathogens. PCR was used to amplify lipopeptide genes and their secretion into culture media was detected by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Capability to promote growth of English ivy was evaluated in greenhouse experiments. The capacity of C6c to protect plants from disease was evaluated by exposing B+ (bacterium inoculated) and B- (non-inoculated) plants to the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria tenuissima. Results B. amyloliquefaciens C6c systemically colonized leaves, petioles, and seeds of English ivy. C6c synthesized IAA and inhibited plant pathogens. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry analysis revealed secretion of antifimgal lipopeptides surfactin, iturin, bacillomycin, and fengycin. C6c promoted the growth of English ivy in low and high soil nitrogen conditions. This endophytic bacterium efficiently controlled disease caused by Alternaria tenuissima. Conclusions This study suggests that B. amyloliquefaciens plays an important role in enhancing growth and disease protection of English ivy.
The present research describes the components of the ivy (Hedera helix L.) plant extract. It is known that ivy presents a lot of health benefits, like antibacterial, antimicrobial, anticancer ...properties or skin care, due to their components. So, the aim of our study was to characterize quantitative (polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids) and qualitative (saponins, proteins, steroids) screening for phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract obtained by ivy leaves. The sample was analyzed by UV-VIS, FTIR, TLC techniques. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH method. The antimicrobial activity was demonstrated on bacteria, yeast and mold species.
Identification of novel autophagic components presented in Hedera helix for the clearance of neurodegenerative disease proteins.
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Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as ...Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease (HD) are closely related to the formation of protein aggregates and inclusion body. For instance, active autophagic components from Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) are highlighted to modulate neurodegeneration via degradation of disease proteins. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of the purified Hedera helix (HH) fraction containing both hederagenin and α-hederin, is confirmed by the improvement of motor deficits in PD mice model. Furthermore, hederagenin and α-hederin derived from HH are confirmed as novel autophagic enhancers. Both compounds reduce the protein level of mutant huntingtin with 74 CAG repeats and A53T α-synuclein, and inhibit the oligomerization of α-synuclein and inclusion formation of huntingtin, via AMPK-mTOR dependent autophagy induction. Both hederagenin and α-hederin induce autophagy and promote the degradation of neurodegenerative mutant disease proteins in vitro, suggesting the therapeutic roles of HH in neurodegenerative disorders.
English ivy (Hedera helix) is an important resource for wildlife in rural and urban ecosystems. It provides pollen and nectar for flower-visiting insects during autumn and fruits for frugivores ...during winter and spring. A requirement of insect pollination for fruit set in ivy implies that recent declines in pollinator populations can threaten food supply for frugivores. This study investigated the link between pollination services and the quantity and quality of fruit produced in ivy, and how that could in turn influence frugivore feeding choices, in a mixed woodland and an urban garden habitat respectively. Surveys on pollinator community and activity were conducted to assess the overall level of pollination. A set of experiments involving insect exclusion, open pollination, and extra pollen supplementation was performed to reveal the level of pollinator dependence and pollination deficit in ivy. Additionally, the removal of these fruits by frugivores was measured to test whether frugivore feeding preferences are influenced by the initial level of pollination. Our results showed that the quantity and quality (size) of fruit produced in ivy were significantly reduced under insect exclusion, which is strong evidence for pollinator dependence. Pollination deficit was also identified at both sites. Furthermore, the data indicate that frugivores can display some degree of preference for well-pollinated ivy fruits. Taken together, our study shows that declines in pollination services will have direct impacts on the availability and quality of ivy fruits for frugivores. Maintaining the health of pollinator communities in both urban and rural habitats could therefore ensure healthy ecosystem functioning.
Hedera helix
L. is an evergreen vine native to Europe. Nowadays, it is commonly recognized as an expansive species, posing danger to biodiversity of natural ecosystems. Obtaining the relationships ...between morphological variability, productive parameters of vegetative individuals, and variations in environmental factors (on the example of the Kórnik Arboretum) is important for understanding the successful adaptation and dispersion of
H. helix
. Thus, the issue of our studies was to discover the link between environmental factors and morphometric measurements of
H. helix
. We collected data on leaf length, leaf width, leaf petiole length, plant stem length, and the number of leaves per stem. We assessed values of ecological plasticity and correlation between the studied parameters. The results indicated the tolerance of ivy to wide variation in edaphic conditions. The limiting environmental factors for growth of the studied subpopulations were soil moisture and light intensity. We found large variability of leaf morphometric parameters and shoot length. Close correlation links were detected between leaf length/leaf width, leaf length/leaf petiole length, and leaf width/leaf petiole length. The length of the average leaf and the length of leaf petiole were the most variable parameters under different values of light intensity. Weak relationships were found between light intensity at the soil surface and plant stem length/the number of leaves per shoot. A high level of index of morphological integration of
H. helix
individuals and a close relationship between the quality index/subpopulation compositions were established in this study. A direct relationship between light intensity and specific leaf area values was established. The value of specific leaf area decreased linearly with increasing light intensity at the soil surface.
De klopkever Mesocoelopus niger is tamelijk recent voor Nederland gemeld, maar is sindsdien maar weinig verzameld. De laatste jaren lijkt een tweede soort van het genus bezig met een opmars in ...Nederland, namelijk M. collaris. De soort kan het best verzameld worden op licht en door het afkloppen van klimop, bij voorkeur van planten waarin dode of afstervende Stengels of takken aanwezig zijn. De beste periode in het jaar voor het verzamelen lijkt de maand augustus te zijn.
A diverse community of microbes naturally exists on the phylloplane, the surface of leaves. It is one of the most prevalent microbial habitats on earth and bacteria are the most abundant members, ...living in communities that are highly dynamic. Today, one of the key challenges for microbiologists is to develop strategies to culture the vast diversity of microorganisms that have been detected in metagenomic surveys.
We isolated bacteria from the phylloplane of Hedera helix (common ivy), a widespread evergreen, using five growth media: Luria-Bertani (LB), LB01, yeast extract-mannitol (YMA), yeast extract-flour (YFlour), and YEx. We also included a comparison with the uncultured phylloplane, which we showed to be dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Inter-sample (beta) diversity shifted from LB and LB01 containing the highest amount of resources to YEx, YMA, and YFlour which are more selective. All growth media equally favoured Actinobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, whereas Bacteroidetes could only be found on LB01, YEx, and YMA. LB and LB01 favoured Firmicutes and YFlour was most selective for Betaproteobacteria. At the genus level, LB favoured the growth of Bacillus and Stenotrophomonas, while YFlour was most selective for Burkholderia and Curtobacterium. The in vitro plant growth promotion (PGP) profile of 200 isolates obtained in this study indicates that previously uncultured bacteria from the phylloplane may have potential applications in phytoremediation and other plant-based biotechnologies.
This study gives first insights into the total bacterial community of the H. helix phylloplane, including an evaluation of its culturability using five different growth media. We further provide a collection of 200 bacterial isolates underrepresented in current databases, including the characterization of PGP profiles. Here we highlight the potential of simple strategies to obtain higher microbial diversity from environmental samples and the use of high-throughput sequencing to guide isolate selection from a variety of growth media.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Respiratory diseases take the lead in the infectious pathology pattern of various organs and systems and are the most common. Acute bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi due to a viral infection ...and is characterized by a persistent cough that can be productive or dry. The authors consider the use of herbal preparations as an effective symptomatic product for the treatment of cough of various origins. Medicinal herbs are widely used in medicine due to many useful properties and do not have any serious side effects. Ivy leaf (Hedera helix) extract preparations are common cough medicines available over the counter that are approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Ivy (Hedera helix) leaves contain various biologically active components, but saponins are the main substance. Saponins are natural compounds that have a variety of biological effects. According to literature data, the action of saponins is determined not only by their bronchodilator and mucolytic properties: among additional therapeutic options of saponins are high anti-inflammatory activity, as well as antimicrobial, antifungal and antiviral effects. The article shows the potential for use of ivy saponins as carriers of pharmaceutical substances, which can significantly reduce the effective doses of certain drugs. Preparations containing ivy leaf extract are safe and approved for use even in new-borns. Also, herbal preparations with antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential become the object of study as a new strategy for treating COVID-19.
This paper investigates the effects of cuticular wax on the release of strain and on the tensile properties of enzymatically isolated cuticular membranes (CMs) taken from leaves of agave (Agave ...americana), bush lily (Clivia miniata), holly (Ilex aquifolium), and ivy (Hedera helix) and from fruit of apple (Malus × domestica), pear (Pyrus communis), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum).
Biaxial strain release was quantified as the decrease in CM disc area following wax extraction. Stiffness, maximum strain and maximum force were determined in uniaxial tensile tests using strips of CM and dewaxed CMs (DCMs).
Biaxial strain release, stiffness, and maximum strain, but not maximum force, were linearly related to the amount of wax extracted. Apple CM has the most wax and here the effect of wax extraction was substantially accounted for by the embedded cuticular wax. Heating apple CM to 80°C melted some wax constituents and produced an effect similar to, but smaller than, that resulting from wax extraction.
Our results indicate that wax ‘fixes’ strain, effectively converting reversible elastic into irreversible plastic strain. A consequence of ‘fixation’ is increased cuticular stiffness.
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